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Antipsychotische Wirkungsmechanismen der Neuroleptika bei Schizophrenie: Spekulative Betrachtungen

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Schizophrenie

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Zusammenfassung

Neuroleptika stehen seit Mitte der 60er Jahre als antipsychotisch wirksame Substanzen zur Behandlung der Schizophrenie sowie von psychotisch-affektiven Störungen und anderen Psychosen zur Verfügung. Sie besitzen eine klinisch vielfach bestätigte, spezifische und zuverlässige Wirkung gegen Halluzinationen, Denkstörungen, Wahnvorstellungen und paranoide Zustände (Klein u. Davis 1969). Seit der ursprünglichen Entdeckung von Chlorpromazin (Delay et al. 1952) und der Hypothese seines Wirkungsmechanismus auf der Ebene des Dopaminrezeptors (Carlsson u. Lindqvist 1963; Sedvall 1990) ist eine Fülle antipsychotisch wirksamer Substanzen in die Therapie eingeführt worden. Sie besitzen zwar unterschiedliche neurochemische Eigenschaften (Hyttel et al. 1985), gemeinsam ist ihnen jedoch der Antagonismus gegenüber der Gruppe der D2-Rezeptoren. Creese et al. (1976) haben gezeigt, daß die Affinität der Neuroleptika zu D2-Rezeptoren eng mit ihrer klinischen Wirksamkeit korreliert. Heute, nachdem mehrere Untergruppen von D2-Rezeptoren bekannt sind, die möglicherweise alle ihre eigenen Aktivitätsprofile aufweisen, ergibt sich die Notwendigkeit, die Bedeutung der D2-Rezeptorsubtypen für die Schizophrenie genauer zu hinterfragen. Den traditionellen Neuroleptika schreibt man eine klinisch weitgehend gleichwertige antipsychotische Wirkung, jedoch unterschiedliche Nebenwirkungsprofile zu. Neue Neuroleptika scheinen dagegen ein breiteres antipsychotisches Profil und geringere Nebenwirkungen zu besitzen (Tamminga u. Gerlach 1987).

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Authors
  1. C. A. Tamminga
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  2. R. A. Lahti
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Editors and Affiliations

  1. Dept. P & The Research Institute of Biological Psychiatry, Copenhagen Hospital Corporation, St. Hans Hospital, DK-4000, Roskilde, Dänemark

    Jes Gerlach M. D.

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© 1995 Springer-Verlag Berlin Heidelberg

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Tamminga, C.A., Lahti, R.A. (1995). Antipsychotische Wirkungsmechanismen der Neuroleptika bei Schizophrenie: Spekulative Betrachtungen. In: Gerlach, J. (eds) Schizophrenie. Springer, Berlin, Heidelberg. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-642-79738-5_11

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  • DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-642-79738-5_11

  • Publisher Name: Springer, Berlin, Heidelberg

  • Print ISBN: 978-3-540-59243-3

  • Online ISBN: 978-3-642-79738-5

  • eBook Packages: Springer Book Archive

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