Zusammenfassung
Entzündungen der Schleimhäute von Nase, Nasennebenhöhlen und Rachen — insbesondere die allergische und virale Rhinosinusitis — gehören zu den häufigsten Erkrankungen des Menschen überhaupt. Der obere Atemtrakt ist infolge seiner Filterfunktion den Erregern, festen Partikeln und Gasen in der Atemluft in hohem Maße exponiert und stellt eine wesentliche Kontaktfläche des Körpers zur Umwelt dar. Ein Fachgebiet, zu dessen Aufgaben die Behandlung von Erkrankungen der Schleimhäute des oberen Atemtrakts gehört, muß sich mit der Immunologie der Körperabwehr sowie der Entzündungen grundlegend beschäftigen.
Für die Ausführung der Schreibarbeiten möchte ich Frau R. Dufrenne, für die Hilfe bei der Erstellung der Literaturliste Herrn I. Däter und die Fertigung der Abbildungen Herrn M. Wagenmann herzlich danken.
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Abbreviations
- APC:
-
antigenpräsentierende Zelle
- C-C-Proteine:
-
Klasse der Chemokine mit direkter Verbindung der ersten beiden Zysteine
- CAM:
-
„cell adhesion molecule“, Zelladhäsionsmolekül
- CD:
-
„cluster of differentiation“; einheitliche Nomenklatur für Oberflächenrezeptoren
- c-kit ligand:
-
Bezeichnung für den Stammzellfaktor
- CLA:
-
„cutaneous lymphocyte antigen“
- CSF:
-
koloniestimulierender Faktor
- CTAP III:
-
bindegewebsaktivierendes Protein, Chemokin
- CTMC:
-
„connective tissue mast cell“, Bindegewebs-mastzelle (Ratte)
- C-X-C-Proteine:
-
Klasse der Chemokine ohne direkte Verbindung der ersten beiden Zysteine
- ECP:
-
Eosinophilen-kationisches Protein
- ELAM:
-
„endothelial leucocyte adhesion molecule“ (E-Selektin)
- ELISA:
-
„enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay“
- Fcε-R:
-
Rezeptor für IgE-Antikörper
- G-CSF:
-
Granulozytenkolonie-stimulierender Faktor
- GlyCAM:
-
Glycoprotein-CAM
- GM-CSF:
-
Granulozytenmakrophagenkoloniestimulieren-der Faktor
- gp130:
-
130 kDa schweres Rezeptorprotein; Teil des IL-6R
- gro:
-
zur C-X-C-Klasse gehörendes Chemokin
- HEV:
-
„high endothelial venules“
- HRF:
-
„histamine releasing factor“
- HRV:
-
humane Rhinoviren (RNA-Viren)
- ICAM:
-
„intercellular adhesion molecule“
- IFN:
-
Interferon
- Ig:
-
Immunglobulin
- IgSF:
-
Immunglobulin-Supergen-Familie
- IL:
-
Interleukin
- kDa:
-
Kilo-Dalton, Einheit des Molekulargewichts
- LAD:
-
„leucocyte adhesion deficite“
- LAK:
-
„lymphokine-activated killer cells“
- LFA:
-
„lymphocyte function-associated antigen“, Adhäsionsmolekül
- LPS:
-
Lipopolysaccharide; als Endotoxin wirkende, an die Membranoberfläche gramnegativer Bakterien gebundene Moleküle
- LT:
-
Leukotrien
- MAdCAM:
-
„mucosal addressin cell adhesion molecule“
- MALT:
-
„mucosa-associated lymphoid tissue“, Schleim-haut-assoziiertes lymphatisches Gewebe
- M-CSF:
-
Makrophagenkolonie-stimulierender Faktor
- MBP:
-
„major basic protein“
- MCTC :
-
Mastzelle mit Tryptase- und Chymase-produktion (Mensch)
- MCT :
-
Tryptase-freisetzende Mastzelle (Mensch)
- MCP:
-
Monozyten-chemotaktisches Protein
- MGSA:
-
Melanozytenwachstum-stimulierende Aktivität (gro)
- MHC:
-
„major histocompatibility complex“, Haupthistokompatibilitätskomplex
- MIP:
-
Makrophagen-inhibierendes Protein
- MMC:
-
„mucosal mast cell“, Schleimhautmastzelle (Ratte)
- NAP:
-
Neutrophilen-aktivierendes Protein
- NK:
-
„natural killer cells“
- PAF:
-
Plättchen-aktivierender Faktor
- PCR:
-
„polymerase chain reaction“, Polymeraseketten-reaktion
- PECAM:
-
„platelet/endothelial cell adhesion molecule“
- PG:
-
Prostaglandin
- RANTES:
-
„released upon activation“, „normal T-cell expressed and secreted“ (Chemokin)
- RIA:
-
„radioimmunoassay“
- SCF:
-
Stammzellfaktor (Synonyme: „2c-kit ligand“, „steel factor“)
- SCID:
-
„severe combined immunodeficiency“, schwerer kombinierter Immundefekt
- TGF:
-
„transforming-growth-factor“
- TH1,TH2 :
-
Bezeichnung für CD4+T-Lymphozyten, die sich nach dem Muster ihrer Zytokinproduktion unterscheiden
- TNF:
-
Tumornekrosefaktor
- VAP:
-
„vascular adhesion protein“
- VCAM:
-
„vascular cell adhesion molecule“
- VLA:
-
„very late antigen“, Adhäsionsmolekül
- s:
-
„soluble“, löslich
- h:
-
„human“, menschlich
- r:
-
rekombinant
- R:
-
Rezeptor
- Ra:
-
Rezeptorantagonist
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Bachert, C. (1995). Die Schleimhaut der oberen Atemwege — Zur Pathophysiologie der Entzündung. In: Feldmann, H., Ganzer, U. (eds) Teil I: Referate. Verhandlungsbericht 1995 der Deutschen Gesellschaft für Hals-Nasen-Ohren-Heilkunde, Kopf- und Hals-Chirurgie, vol 1995 / 1. Springer, Berlin, Heidelberg. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-642-79553-4_4
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