Skip to main content

Forest Decline and Air Pollution Effects in the French Mountains: A Synthesis

  • Conference paper
Forest Decline and Atmospheric Deposition Effects in the French Mountains

Abstract

The French DEFORPA (“Dépérissement des Forêts et Pollution Atmosphérique”) Programme was launched in the mid 1980s, when the concern regarding a phenomenon first called “Waldsterben”, then renamed “neuartige Waldschäden”, was at its peak in Central Europe. The general perception among the media and politicians was that a large scale, unprecedented forest decline was affecting a large part of Europe as a result of air pollution. This view was also held by many members of the scientific community, especially in Central Europe.

This is a preview of subscription content, log in via an institution to check access.

Access this chapter

Chapter
USD 29.95
Price excludes VAT (USA)
  • Available as PDF
  • Read on any device
  • Instant download
  • Own it forever
eBook
USD 84.99
Price excludes VAT (USA)
  • Available as PDF
  • Read on any device
  • Instant download
  • Own it forever
Softcover Book
USD 109.99
Price excludes VAT (USA)
  • Compact, lightweight edition
  • Dispatched in 3 to 5 business days
  • Free shipping worldwide - see info

Tax calculation will be finalised at checkout

Purchases are for personal use only

Institutional subscriptions

Preview

Unable to display preview. Download preview PDF.

Unable to display preview. Download preview PDF.

References

  • Aranda F (1991) Etude du comportement de l’ozone dans les régions rurales et naturelles en France. Rapport DEA, Univ. Paris VII, p 26 + ann.

    Google Scholar 

  • Ashmore MR (1992) Critical levels for ozone. In: Background papers, UN-ECE Workshop on Critical Loads, Egham, UK, 1992/03/23-26, p 35.

    Google Scholar 

  • Becker M (1989) The role of climate on present and past vitality of silver fir forests in the Vosges mountains of northeastern France. Can J For Res 19:1110–1117.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Becker M (1992) Radial growth of mature silver firs (Abies alba Mill.) fertilized in 1969. Interaction of climate and competition In: Tree rings and Environment, Proc Intern Dendrochronological Symposium, Ystad, Sweden, 3–9 Sept. 1990. Lundqua Report 34:17–21.

    Google Scholar 

  • Becker M, Bert GD, Landmann G, Lévy G, Rameau JC, Ulrich E (1995a) Growth and decline symptoms of silver fir and Norway spruce in northeastern France: relation to climate, nutrition and silviculture. In: Landmann G, Bonneau M (eds) Forest decline and atmospheric deposition effects in the French mountains. Springer, Berlin Heidelberg New York, this vol.

    Google Scholar 

  • Becker M, Bert GD, Bouchon J, Dupouey JL, Picard JF, Ulrich E (1995b) Long-term changes in forest productivity in northeastern France: the dendroecological approach. In: Landmann G, Bonneau M (eds) Forest decline and atmospheric deposition effects in the French mountains. Springer, Berlin Heidelberg New York, this vol.

    Google Scholar 

  • Becker M, Bonneau M, Le Tacon F (1992) Long-term vegetation changes in an Abies alba forest: natural development compared with the response to fertilization. J. Veg. Sci. 3: 467–474.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Becker M, Nieminen TM, Geremia F (1994). Short-term variations and long-term changes in oak productivity in northeastern France. The role of climate and atmospheric CO2. Ann. Sci. For. (in press).

    Google Scholar 

  • Beierkuhnlein C, Durka W (1993) Beurteilung von Stoffausträgen immissions-belasteter Wäldökosysteme Nordostbayerns durch Quellwasseranalysen. Forstw Cbl 112:225–239.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Bell JNB (1992) A reassessment of critical levels for SO2. In: Background papers, UN-ECE Workshop on Critical Loads, Egham, UK, 1992/03/23-26.

    Google Scholar 

  • Berden M, Nilsson SI, Rosen K, Tyler G (1987) Soil acidification: extent, causes and consequences. An evaluation of literature information and current research. Natl. Swedish Environ. Protection Board Report 3292, p 164.

    Google Scholar 

  • Bert GD (1992) Influence du climat, des facteurs stationnels et de la pollution sur la croissance et l’état sanitaire du Sapin Abies alba Mill.) dans le massif du Jura. Etude phytoécologique et dendrochronologique. Thèse Univ Nancy 1, p 200 + ann.

    Google Scholar 

  • Bobbink R, Boxman D, Fremstad E, Heil G, Houdjik A, Roelofs J (1992) Critical loads for nitrogen eutrophication of terrestrial and wetland ecosystems based upon changes in vegetation and fauna. In: P. Grennfelt, E. Thörnelöf (eds), Critical loads for nitrogen — a workshop report. Nord 1992:41. Nordic Council of Ministers, Copenhagen, pp 111–159.

    Google Scholar 

  • Bondietti EA, Baes II CF, McLaughlin SB (1989) Radial trends in cation ratios in tree rings as indicators of the impact of atmospheric deposition on forests. Can. J. For. Res. 19:586–594.

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Bonneau M, Landmann G, Nys C (1990/1991) Fertilization of declining conifer stand in the Vosges and in the French Ardennes. Water Air Soil Pollut 54:577–594.

    CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Bonneau M, Landmann G (eds) (1993) Pollution atmosphérique et dépérissement des forêts dans les montagnes françaises. Programme DEFORPA. Rapport 1992. Ministère de l’Environnement p 365.

    Google Scholar 

  • Bonneau M, Landmann G, Ranger J, Dreyer E, Nys C (1995) Fertilization of declining conifers in the Vosges and the Ardennes: effects on soil, nutrient cycling, and tree health, growth and physiology. In: Landmann G, Bonneau M (eds) Forest decline and atmospheric deposition effects in the French mountains. Springer, Berlin Heidelberg New York, this vol.

    Google Scholar 

  • Bonneau M, Nys C (1993) A nitrogen cycle model for calculating the reduction of N input necessary to reduce soil acidification and nitrate leaching and the consequences of this for wood production. Water Air Soil Pollut 69:1–20.

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Bonte J (1993) L’essai de Montardon: description, effets macroscopiques sur les parties aériennes. In: Bonneau M, Landmann G (eds) Pollution atmosphérique et dépérissement des forêts dans les montagnes françaises. Programme DEFORPA. Rapport 1992. Ministère de l’Environnement, pp 201-205.

    Google Scholar 

  • Boudot JP, Becquer T, Merlet D, Rouiller J, Ranger J, Dambrine E, Mohamed AD (1995) Potential role of aluminium toxicity in nutrient deficiencies as related to forest decline: an assessment of soil solution data from the Vosges mountains (France). In: Landmann G, Bonneau M (eds) Forest decline and atmospheric deposition effects in the French mountains. Springer, Berlin Heidelberg New York, this vol.

    Google Scholar 

  • Briffa KR (1992) Increasing productivity of “natural growth” conifers inEurope over the last century. In: Tree rings and Environment, Proc Intern Dendrochronological Symposium, Ystad, Sweden, 3–9 Sept. 1990. Lundqua Report 34:64–71.

    Google Scholar 

  • Brown KA, Roberts TM (1988) Effects of ozone on foliar leaching in Norway spruce (Picea abies L. Karst): confounding factors due to NOX production during ozone generation. Environ Pollut 55:55–73.

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Cape JN (1992) Direct effects of acid rain and cloud on vegetation In: UNECE Workshop on critical levels. Background papers. Egham, UK 1992/03/23-26.

    Google Scholar 

  • CEC 1989–1991 Commission of the European Communities, Annual reports on forest condition in Europe for the years 1987 to 1990.

    Google Scholar 

  • Claustres JP, Daudet FA (1989) A method for continuous measurement of photosynthesis in open-top chamber. In: Bresser AHM, Mathy P (eds), Monitoring Air Pollution and Forest Ecosystem Research. Air Pollution Research Report 21 (CEC Workshop, Bilthoven, The Netherlands, 1989/02/20-21) Guyot, Bruxelles pp 138-148.

    Google Scholar 

  • Claustres JP., Daudet FA. (1993) Effets de la pollution sur les échanges gazeux à long terme des épicéas des chambres de Montardon: résultats d’une nouvelle technique. In: Bonneau M, Landmann G (eds) Pollution atmosphérique et dépérissement des forêts dans les montagnes françaises. Programme DEFORPA. Rapport 1992. Ministère de l’Environnement, 219-225.

    Google Scholar 

  • Committee on Biological Markers of Air Pollution Damage in Trees (1989) Biologic Markers of Air Pollution Stress and Damage in Forests. Washington DC, National Acad Press, pp 1-26.

    Google Scholar 

  • Cowling EB (1985) Comparison of regional declines of forests in Europe and North America: A possible orle of airborne chemicals. In: Air pollutants: effects on forest ecosystems. Acid Rain Foundation, St. Paul, Minn, pp 217–234.

    Google Scholar 

  • Cowling EB (1988) Ecosystems and their response to airborne chemicals: the current situation in North America and Europe. In: Mathy P (ed): 1988, Air pollution and ecosystems. Proc. Int. CEC Symp., Grenoble, France, 1987/05/18-22. Reidel Publ, ordrecht, pp.18–38.

    Google Scholar 

  • Cornic G (1987) Interaction between sublethal pollution by sulphur dioxide and drought stress. The effect on photosynthetic capacity. Physiol Plant 71:115–119.

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Dambrine E, Ulrich E, Cenac N, Durand P, Gauquelin T, Mirabel P, Nys C, Probst A, Ranger J, Zephoris M (1995a) Atmospheric deposition in France and possible relation with forest decline. In: Landmann G, Bonneau M (eds) Forest decline and atmospheric deposition effects in the French mountains. Springer, Berlin Heidelberg New York, this vol.

    Google Scholar 

  • Dambrine E, Bonneau M, Ranger J, Mohamed AD, Nys C (1995b) Cycling and budgets of acidity and nutrients in Norway spruce stands in northeastern France and the Erzgebirge (Czech Republic). In: Landmann G, Bonneau M (eds) Forest decline and atmospheric deposition effects in the French mountains. Springer, Berlin Heidelberg New York, this vol.

    Google Scholar 

  • Dambrine E, Sverdrup H, Warfvinge P (1995c) Atmospheric deposition, forest management and soil nutrient availability: a modelling exercise. In: Landmann G, Bonneau M (eds) Forest decline and atmospheric deposition effects in the French mountains. Springer, Berlin Heidelberg New York, this vol.

    Google Scholar 

  • Dambrine E, Granier A, Lévy G (1995d) Water regime and magnesium deficiency: manipulative experiments in young Norway spruce stands. In: Landmann G, Bonneau M (eds) Forest decline and atmospheric deposition effects in the French mountains. Springer, Berlin Heidelberg New York, this vol.

    Google Scholar 

  • Darrall NM (1989) The effect of air pollutants on physiological processes in plants. Plant Cell Environ 12:1–30.

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Devêvre O, Garbaye J, Perrin R (1993) Experimental evidence of a deleterious soil microflora asociated with spruce decline in France and Germany. Plant and Soil 148:145–153.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Devêvre O, Garbaye J, Le Tacon F, Perrin R, Estivalet D (1995) Role of Rhizosphere Microfungi in the Decline of Norway Spruce in Acidic Soils. In: Landmann G, Bonneau M (eds) Forest decline and atmospheric deposition effects in the French mountains. Springer, Berlin Heidelberg New York, this vol.

    Google Scholar 

  • Dizengrement P. Afif D, Petrini M, Namysl C, Queiroz O (1993) Expérience de simulation de Montardon: effets des polluants atmosphériques sur le métabolisme de l’épicéa. In: Bonneau M, Landmann G (eds) Pollution atmosphérique et dépérissement des forêts dans les montagnes françaises. Programme DEFORPA. Rapport 1992. Ministère de l’Environnement, pp 207-212.

    Google Scholar 

  • Dobson MC, Taylor G, Freer-Smith PH (1990) The control of ozone uptake by Picea abies (L.) Karst, and P. sitchensis (Bong.) Carr. during drought and interacting effects on shoot water relations. New Phytol. 116:465–474.

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Dreyer E, Guehl JM, Epron D (1993) Echanges gazeux foliaires et cinétiques d’induction de fluorescence de jeunes plants de Picea abies soumis à des fumigations d’ozone. In: Bonneau M, Landmann G (eds) Pollution atmosphérique et dépérissement des forêts dans les montagnes françaises. Programme DEFORPA. Rapport 1992. Ministère de l’Environnement, pp 213-218.

    Google Scholar 

  • Dupouey JL, Levitt S, Choisnel E, Jourdain S (1993) Modelling carbon isotope fractionation in tree rings based on effective evaporation and soil water status. Plant Cell Environ 16:939–947.

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Durand P, Neal C, Lelong F (1992) Anthropogenic and natural contributions to the rainfall chemistry of a mountainous area (Mont-Lozère, southern France). J Hydrol 130:71–85.

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Eckstein D, Sass U (1989) Dendroecological assessment of decline and recovery of fir and spruce in the Bavarian forest. In: Bucher JB, Bucher-Wallin I. (eds) Air pollution and forest decline. 14. Int. IUFRO Meeting for specialists in air pollution effects on forest ecosystems, Interlaken, Switzerland, Eidgenössische Anstalt für das forstliche Versuchswesen, Birmensdorf, Switzerland vol 1, pp 255–260.

    Google Scholar 

  • Ellenberg H (1985) Veränderungen der Flora Mitteleuropas unter dem Einfluss von Düngung und Immissionen. Schweiz. Z. Forstwes. 136:19–39.

    Google Scholar 

  • Estivalet D, Perrin R, Le Tacon F, Bouchard D (1990) Nutritional and microbiological aspects of decline in the Vosges forest area (France). For Ecol Manage 37:233–248.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Evers FH, Hoyer V, Schnepf M, Seufert G (1992) Schadgassauschlussexperiment bei Fichten am Edelmannshof. In: F. Horsch, W.G. Filby, N. Fund, S. Gross, G. Kändier, W. Reinhardt (eds), 8. Statuskolloquium des PEF, KfK Karlsruhe, KfF-PEF 94:115-125.

    Google Scholar 

  • Feller MC, Kimmins JP (1979) Chemical characteristics of small streams near Haney, in southwestern British Columbia. Water Res Res 15:247–258.

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • FBW (Forschungsbeirat Waldschäden/Luftverunreinigungen) (ed) (1986) 2. Bericht. Kernforschungszentrums Karlsruhe, p 229.

    Google Scholar 

  • FBW (Forschungsbeirat Waldschäden/Luftverunreinigungen) (ed) (1989) 3. Bericht. Kernforschungszentrums Karlsruhe, p 611.

    Google Scholar 

  • Fink S (1988) Histology and histochemistry of leaf fall. In: Cape JN, Mathy P (eds) Scientific Basis of Forest Decline Symptomatology (CEC Workshop, Air Pollution Research Report 15), pp 39-47.

    Google Scholar 

  • Garbaye J (1993) Effet de la pollution atmosphérique par l’ozone sur le système racinaire de l’épicéa (essai de Montardon). In: Bonneau M, Landmann G (eds) Pollution atmosphérique et dépérissement des forêts dans les montagnes françaises. Programme DEFORPA. Rapport 1992. Ministère de l’Environnement, 227.

    Google Scholar 

  • Garrec JP, Kerfourn C, Laitat E (1989) Etude des surfaces foliaires des arbres dépérissants: effet de l’ozone et des pluies acides sur les cuticules et implication dans le phénomène de “leaching”. In: Bucher JB, Bucher-Wallin I (eds) Air pollution and forest decline. 14. Int. IUFRO Meeting for specialists in air pollution effects on forest ecosystems, Interlaken, Switzerland, Eidgenössische Anstalt für das forstliche Versuchswesen, Birmensdorf, Switzerland vol 1, pp 141–14

    Google Scholar 

  • Grennfelt P, Beck JP (1994) Ozone concentrations in Europe in relation to different concepts of the critical levels. In: Führer J, Achermann B (eds) Critical levels for ozone — a UN-ECE workshop report. Swiss Federal Research Station for Agricultural Chemistry and Environmental Hygiene CH, Liebefeld, Switzerland, pp 184–194.

    Google Scholar 

  • Guillet B, Vannier C, Lelong F (1995) Sulphur stored in soils and the relative importance of organic and inorganic forms. Examples from Mont Lozère (Southern France). In: Landmann G, Bonneau M (eds) Forest decline and atmospheric deposition effects in the French mountains. Springer, Berlin Heidelberg New York, this vol.

    Google Scholar 

  • Gülpen M, Türk S, Fink S (1993) Der Effekt von Kalkung und Magnesiumdüngung auf die Aufnahme, den Transport und die chemische Bindungsform von Calcium und Magnesium in Koniferen. In: F. Horsch, W.G. Filby, N. Fund, S. Gross, G. Kändier, W. Reinhardt (eds), 9. Statuskolloquium des PEF, KfK Karlsruhe, KfF-PEF 104:195-207.

    Google Scholar 

  • Hantschel R, Pfirrmann T, Eisenmann T (1989) Bodenökologische Charakterisierung von Waldschadensflächen im bayerischen Kalkalpenraum. Mitt. Dtsch. Bodenkundl. Gesell. 59 (1):373–378.

    Google Scholar 

  • Hedin LO, Granat L, Likens GE, Buishand TA, Galloway JN, Butler T, Rodhe H (1994) Steep declines in atmospheric base cations in regions of Europe and North America. Nature 367:351–354.

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Heil FW, Diemont W.M (1983) Raised nutrient levels change heathland into grassland. Vegetatio 53:113–120.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Henriksen A (1984) Changes in base cation concentrations due to freshwater acidification. Verh Internat Verein Limnol 22:692–698.

    CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Hettelingh JP, Downing RJ, De Smet PAM (eds) (1991) Mapping critical loads for Europe. CEC Technical Report Nol. Coordination Center for Effects National Institute of Public Health and Environmental Protection, Bilthoven, The Netherlands, p 86.

    Google Scholar 

  • Hildebrand EE (1986) Zustand und Entwicklung der Austauschereigenschaften von Mineralböden aus Standorten mit erkrankten Waldbeständen. Forstw Cbl 105:60–76.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Houllier F, Pignard GF, Schmitt F, Bertrand P (1995) Medium-Term Evolution of Forest Productivity in the French Mountains: The Use of National Forest Inventory Data, In: Landmann G, Bonneau M (eds) Forest decline and atmospheric deposition effects in the French mountains. Springer, Berlin Heidelberg New York, this vol.

    Google Scholar 

  • Hüttl RF (1990) Nutrient supply and fertilizer experiments in view of N saturation. Plant and Soil 128:45–58.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Hüttl RF (1991) Die Nährelementversorgung geschädigter Wälder in Europa und Nordamerika. Habilitationsschrift. Freib Bodenkundl Abhandl 28 (Dissertation), p. 440.

    Google Scholar 

  • Hüttl RF, Mueller-Dombois D (eds) (1993) Forest decline in the Atlantic and Pacific region. Springer, Berlin, p 366.

    Book  Google Scholar 

  • Hüttl RF, Zöttl HW (1985) Ernährungszustand von Tannenbeständen in Süddeutschland-ein historischer Vergleich. Allg Forstz 38:1011–1013.

    Google Scholar 

  • Innes JL (1991) High-altitude and high-latitude tree growth in relation to past, present and future global climate change. The Holocene 1-2:168–173.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Innes JL (1993) Forest health: its assessement and status. CAB International, Wallingford, UK, p 677.

    Google Scholar 

  • Jalkanen R, Kurkela T (1990) Needle retention, age, shedding and budget, and growth of Scots pine between 1865 and 1988. In: Kauppi P, Anttila P, Kenttämies K (eds), Acidification in Finland. Springer, Berlin, pp 691–697.

    Google Scholar 

  • Jalkanen RE, Aalto TO, Innes JL, Kurkela TT, Townsend IK (1994) Needle retention and needle loss of Scots pine in recent decades at Thetford and Alice Holt, England. Can J For Res 24(4):863–867.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Johnson DW, Cresser MS, Nilsson SI, Turner J, Ulrich B, Binkley D, Cole DW (1991) Soil changes in forest ecosystems: Evidence for and probable causes. In: Last FT, Watling R (eds) Acid Deposition. Its nature and its impacts. Proc Royal Soc Edinburgh 97B:81–116.

    Google Scholar 

  • Kandier O (1990) Epidemiological evaluation of the development of Waldsterben in Germany. Plant Disease 74(1):4–12.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Kandier O (1992a) No relationship between fir decline and air pollution in the Bavarian Forest. Forest Sci 38(4):866–869.

    Google Scholar 

  • Kandier O (1992b) Historical declines and diebacks of Central European forests and present conditions. Environ Toxicol Chem 11:1077–1093.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Keller T(1978) Wintertime atmospheric pollutants — do they affect the performance of deciduous trees in the ensuing growing season? Environ Pollut 16:243–247.

    Google Scholar 

  • Keller T (1981) Folgen einer winterlichen SO2-Belastung der Fichte. Gartenbauwissenschaft 46:170–178.

    CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Konnert V, Mettendorf B, Bachmeyer P (1990) Beobachtungsflächen zu den “neuartigen Waldschäden” an Tanne in Baden-Württemberg: Nadelverlust, Klima, Zuwachs und Ernährungssituation. Allg Forstz 161 (6/7): 116–123.

    Google Scholar 

  • Kottke I, Martin F (1994) Demonstration of aluminium in polyphosphate of Laccaria amethystea (Bolt, ex Hooker) Murr, by mean of electron energy loss spectroscopy. J of Microscopy 174:225–232.

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Krause GHM (1988) Impact of air pollutants on above-ground plant parts of forest trees. In Mathy P (ed): 1988, Air pollution and ecosystems. Int. CEC Symp., Grenoble, France, 1987/05/18-22. Reidel Publ., Dordrecht, 168-185.

    Google Scholar 

  • Kreiser A, Rose NL, Probst A, Massabuau JC (1995) Relationship between lake-water acidification in the Vosges mountains and SO2 — NOX emissions in western Europe. In: Landmann G, Bonneau M (eds) Forest decline and atmospheric deposition effects in the French mountains. Springer, Berlin Heidelberg New York, this vol.

    Google Scholar 

  • Kreutzer K (1993) Changes in the role of nitrogen in Central European forests. In: R.F. Hüttl, D. Mueller-Dombois (eds), Forest decline in the Atlantic and Pacific region. Springer, Berlin, pp 82–96.

    Chapter  Google Scholar 

  • Landmann G (1991) Ground monitoring of forest vitality. In: Landmann G (ed) French research into forest decline. DEFORPA Programme. 2nd report. ENGREF, Nancy, pp 7–22.

    Google Scholar 

  • Landmann G (1993) Role of climate, stand dynamics and past management in forest declines: a review of ten years of field ecology in France. In Huetll RF, Mueller-Dombois D (eds) Forest Decline in the Atlantic and Pacific Region. Springer, Berlin Heidelberg New York, pp 18-39.

    Google Scholar 

  • Landmann G (1994) Effects of air pollution on terrestrial and aquatic ecosystems. COST project 612 (1984–1990) — Final scientific report. EEC, Brussels (in press).

    Google Scholar 

  • Landmann G, Bonneau M, Bouhot-Delduc L, Fromard F, Chéret V, Dagnac J, Souchier B (1995a) Crown damage in Norway spruce and silver fir: relation to nutritional status and soil chemical characteristics in the French mountains. In: Landmann G, Bonneau M (eds) Forest decline and atmospheric deposition effects in the French mountains. Springer, Berlin Heidelberg New York, this vol.

    Google Scholar 

  • Landmann G, Bert GD, Pierrat JC, Becker M, Bonneau M, Souchier B (1995b) Crown damage in conifers: relation to site and stand factors in the French mountains. In: Landmann G, Bonneau M (eds) Forest decline and atmospheric deposition effects in the French mountains. Springer, Berlin Heidelberg New York, this vol.

    Google Scholar 

  • Landmann G, Bouhot-Delduc L (1995) Ground monitoring of crown condition of forest trees in the French mountains. In: Landmann G, Bonneau M (eds) Forest decline and atmospheric deposition effects in the French mountains. Springer, Berlin Heidelberg New York, this vol.

    Google Scholar 

  • Landolt W, Lüthy B, Pfenninger I (1989) The effect of ozone on enzyme activities and metabolic pools in economically important forest species in Switzerland. In: J.B. Bucher, I. Bucher-Wallin (eds), Air Pollution and Forest Decline (Proc. 14th Int. IUFRO Meeting, Interlaken, Switzerland, 1988/10/02-08), vol. I. EAFV, Birmensdorf, 135-140.

    Google Scholar 

  • Le Thiec D, Dixon M, Garrec JP (1994) The effects of slightly elevated ozone concentrations and mild drought stress on the physiology and growth of Norway spruce, Picea abies (L.) Karst, and beech, Fagus sylvatica (L.), in open-top chambers, (in press).

    Google Scholar 

  • Levy G, Brechet C, Becker M (1994) Oak tree-ring analysis as an indicator of historical trends in the soil chemical characteristics in relation to atmospheric deposition. Paper to be presented at the Int Symp Environmental constraints and oaks: ecological and physiological aspects. INRA Nancy, France, 1994/08/29-09/01.

    Google Scholar 

  • Lien L, Raddum GG, Fjellheim A (1992) Critical loads of acidity to freshwater — Fish and invertebrates. NTVA Report. NIVA, Oslo, p 36.

    Google Scholar 

  • Martin F, Rubini P, Côté R, Kottke I (1994) Aluminium polyphosphate complexes in the mycorrhizal basidiomycete Laccaria bicolor: a 27Al-nuclear magnetic resonance study. Planta 194:241–246.

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Massabuau JC, Fritz B, Burtin B (1987) Mise en évidence de ruisseaux acides (pH ≤ 5) dans les Vosges. C R Acad Sci Paris 305 Série III:121–124.

    Google Scholar 

  • Massabuau JC, Probst A, Guérold F (1995) Critical Loads of Acidity to Streamwaters in the Vosges Mountains: Biological Criteria. In: Landmann G, Bonneau M (eds) Forest decline and air pollution effects in the French mountains. Springer, Berlin Heidelberg New York, this vol.

    Google Scholar 

  • Matzner E., Blank K, Hartmann G, Stock R (1989) Needle chrolorosis pattern in relation to soil chemical properties in two Norway spruce (Picea abies Karst.) forests of the German Harz mountains. In: Bucher J.B., Bucher-Wallin I. (eds), Air Pollution and Forest Decline (Proc. 14th Int. IUFRO Meeting, Interlaken, Switzerland, 1988/10/02-08), vol. I. EAFV, Birmensdorf, 195–199.

    Google Scholar 

  • McKay HM (1988) Non-pollutant abiotic factors affecting needle loss. In: Cape JN, Mathy P (eds), Scientific Basis of Forest Decline Symptomatology. (CEC Workshop, Air Pollution Research Report 15), pp 31-38.

    Google Scholar 

  • Ministère de l’Agriculture et la Forêt (1992) La santé des forêts 1991. Ministère de l’Agriculture et la Forêt (DERF — Département de la Santé des Forêts), Paris, p 58 + ann.

    Google Scholar 

  • Nihlgård B (1985) The ammonium hypothesis — an additional explanation to the forest dieback in Europe. Ambio 14(1):2–8.

    Google Scholar 

  • Nilsson S, Duinker P (1987) A synthesis of survey results. The extent of forest decline in Europe. Environment 29(9): 4–31.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Nilsson LO, Wicklund K (1992) Influence of nutrient and water stress on Norway spruce production in south Sweden — the role of air pollutants. Plant and Soil 147:251–265.

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • NIVA (Norwegian Institute for Water Research) (1987) 1000 lake survey 1986 Norway. Report 283/87, p 33 + app.

    Google Scholar 

  • Party JP, Probst A, Dambrine E (1993) Determination et cartographie des charges critiques en polluants atmosphériques dans les Vosges. Rapport Agence de l’Environnement et de la Maîtrise de l’Energie, Paris, p 68 + ann.

    Google Scholar 

  • Party JP, Probst A, Dambrine E, Thomas AL (1994) Determination et cartographie des charges critiques en polluants atmosphériques dans les Vosges. Rapport Intermédiaire Agence de l’Environnement et de la Maîtrise de l’Energie, Paris p 34.

    Google Scholar 

  • Penuelas J., Azcon-Bieto J., 1992. Changes in leaf δ13C of herbarium plant species during the last 3 centuries of CO2 increase. Plant Cell Environ 15:485–489.

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Perros P, Tsalkani N, Toupance G (1988) PAN measurement in a forested area (Donon, France). Environ. Technol. Letters 9:351–358.

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Pierre M, Queiroz O (1988) Air pollution by SO2 amplifies the effects of water stress on enzymes and total soluble proteins of spruce needles Physiol Plant 73:412–417.

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Prinz B, Krause GHM, Stratmann H (1982) Waldschäden in der Bundesrepublik Deutschland. Landesanstalt für Immisions schütz des Landes Nordrhein-Westfalen, Essen, Berichte 28, p 51.

    Google Scholar 

  • Probst A, Fritz B, Ambroise B, Viville D (1987) Forest influence on the surface water chemistry of granitic basins receiving acid precipitation in the Vosges massif, France. Proc Vancouver Symposium, August 1987, IAHS Publ 167:109–120.

    CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Probst A, Fritz B, Stille P (1992) Consequence of acid deposition on natural weathering processes: field studies and modelling. In: Kharaka YK, Maest AS (eds) Proc 7th International Symp “Water-Rock Interaction”, Park City, Utah (USA), 13–18 July. Balkema Publ, Rotterdam, pp 581–584.

    Google Scholar 

  • Probst A., Lelong F., Viville D., Durand P., Ambroise B., Fritz B. (1995a) Comparative hydrochemical behaviour and element budgets of the Aubure (Vosges Massif) and Mont-Lozère (Massif Central) Norway spruce forested catchments. In: Landmann G, Bonneau M (eds) Forest decline and atmospheric deposition effects in the French mountains. Springer, Berlin Heidelberg New York, this vol.

    Google Scholar 

  • Probst A, Massabuau JC, Probst JL, Fritz B (1990) Acidification des eaux de surface sous l’influence des précipitations acides: rôle de la végétation et du substratum, conséquences pour les populations de truites. Le cas des ruisseaux des Vosges. CR Acad.Sci Paris 311, Sér II:405–411.

    Google Scholar 

  • Probst A, Probst JL, Massabuau JC, Fritz B (1995b) Surface water acidification in the Vosges mountains: relation to bedrock and vegetation cover. In: Landmann G, Bonneau M (eds) Forest decline and atmospheric deposition effects in the French mountains. Springer, Berlin Heidelberg New York, this vol.

    Google Scholar 

  • Proyou AG, Toupance G, Perros P (1991) A two year study of ozone behaviour at rural and forested sites in eastern France. Atmos Environ 25A:2145–2153.

    CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Puech L (1991) Quelques aspects du dépérissement du sapin (Abies alba Mill.) dans les Alpes externes dauphinoises: Symptomatologie, diagnostic foliaire, pédologie. DE A “Géographie, Ecologie et Aménagement des Montagnes”, Université Joseph Fourier, Grenoble, p 83 + ann.

    Google Scholar 

  • Ranger J, Mohamed Ahamed D, Gelhaye D (1994) Effet d’un amendement calco-magnésien, associé ou non à une fertilisation, sur le cycle biogéochimique des éléments nutritifs dans une plantation d’épicéa commun (Picea abies Karst.) dépérissante dans les Vosges. Ann Sci For 51:455–475.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Rehfuess KE (1991) Review of forest decline research activities and results in the Federal Republic of Germany. J Environ Sci Health A26(3):415–445.

    CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Réteau F (1985) Etude par télédétection du “dépérissement des forêts”. Utilisation de la photographie aérienne sur le massif des Vosges. Mémoire de fin d’études ENITEF, Nogent-sur-Vernisson. INRA, Centre de Bordeaux, p 54 + ann.

    Google Scholar 

  • Reuss JO, Johnson DW (1986) Acid deposition and the acidification of soils and waters. Ecol Studies 59, Springer, Berlin, p 119.

    Google Scholar 

  • Richardson DHS and Downing P (1988) The processes involved in the leaching of leaves under non-polluted conditions and the influence of leachates on leaf-surface micro-organisms. In: J.N. Cape, P. Mathy (eds), Scientific Basis of Forest Decline Symptomatology. (CEC Workshop, Air Pollution Research Report 15), pp 133-148.

    Google Scholar 

  • Riederer M (1989) The cuticles of conifers: structure, composition and transport properties. In: Schulze ED, Lange OL, Oren R (eds) Forest Decline and Air Pollution. A study case of spruce (Picea abies) on acid soils. Ecological studies 77, Springer-Verlag, Berlin, 157–188.

    Google Scholar 

  • Roberts TM, Darrall NM, Lane P (1983) Effects of gaseous pollutants on agriculture and forestry in UK. Advances in Applied Biology 9:1–142.

    Google Scholar 

  • Roberts TM, Skeffington RA, Blank LW (1989) Causes of Type 1 spruce decline in Europe. Forestry1 62 (3): 179–222.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Schaug J (1989) Progress report from the chemical co-ordinating centre for the period 1 January–30 June 1989. EMEP co-operative programme for monitoring and evaluation of the long-range transmission of air pollutants in Europe, pp 19-27.

    Google Scholar 

  • Schöpfer W, Hradetzky J (1984) Der Indizienbeweis: Luftverschmutzung massgebliehe Ursache der Walderkrankung. Forstwiss Centralbl 103:231–248.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Schulze ED (1989) Air pollution and forest decline in a spruce (Picea abies) forest. Science 244:776–783.

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Schulze ED, Freer-Smith PH (1991) An evaluation of forest decline based on field observations focussed on Norway spruce, Picea abies. Int. Conf. “Acid Deposition. Its nature and its impacts”, Glasgow, United Kingdom, 1990/09/16-21, Conference Abstracts. Roy Soc Edinburgh, pp. 155-168.

    Google Scholar 

  • Schulze E.D., McCracken I, Zimmermann R, Benecke U (1990) Performance of two Picea abies (L.) Karst, stands at different stages of decline. VIII Photosynthesis and nutrition under polluted and clean air conditions of Germany and New-Zealand. Œologia 82:158–161.

    Google Scholar 

  • Schulze ED, OL Lange, Oren R (eds) (1989) Forest decline and air pollution. Ecological Studies 77, Springer Verlag, Berlin, p 475.

    Google Scholar 

  • Schätt P, Cowling EB (1985) Waldsterben, a general decline of forest in Central Europe: symptoms, development, and possible causes. Plant Disease 69(7):548–558.

    Google Scholar 

  • Simpson D (1991) Long period modelling of photochemical oxidants in Europe. Calculations for April–September 1985-April–October 1989. EMEP/MSC-W note 2/91. Meteorological Synthesizing Centre-West, Blindem, Norway p 64.

    Google Scholar 

  • Skeffington RA, Wilson EJ (1988) Excess nitrogen deposition: issues for consideration. Environ Pollut 54:159–184.

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Spiecker H (1990/91) Growth variation and environmental stresses: long-term observations on permanent research plots in southwestern Germany. Water Air Soil Pollut 54:247–256.

    Google Scholar 

  • Thimonier A. (1994) Changements de la végétation et des sols en forêt tempérée européenne au cours de la période 1970-1990: rôle possible des apports atmosphériques. Ph.D. thesis. University of Orsay, Francep p 177 + ann.

    Google Scholar 

  • Thimonier A., Dupouey J.L., Timbal J. (1992) Floristic changes in the herb-layer vegetation of a deciduous forest in the Lorraine Plain under the influence of atmospheric deposition. For Ecol Manage 55:149–167.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Thimonier A, Dupouey JL, Bost F, Becker M (1994) Simultaneous eutrophication and acidification of a forest ecosystem in North-East France. New Phytol 126:533–539.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Tomlinson GH (1990/91) Nutrient disturbances in forest trees and the nature of the forest decline in Quebec and Germany. Water Air Soil Pollut (H.W. Zöttl, R.F. Hüttl (eds), Management of nutrition in forests under stress) 54:61-74.

    Google Scholar 

  • Ulrich B (1989) Effects of acidic precipitation on forest ecosystems in Europe. In: D.C. Adriano, A.H. Johnson (eds), Acidic precipitation. Volume 2: Biological and ecological effects. Springer, New York, pp 189–272.

    Google Scholar 

  • Ulrich E (1991) The pollution climate (especially in the Vosges mountains). In: G. Landmann (ed), French research into forest decline. DEFORPA Programme, 2nd report. ENGREF, Nancy, pp 39–58.

    Google Scholar 

  • Ulrich E, Lanier M (1994) RENECOFOR — Dépôts atmosphériques et concentrations des solutions du sol (sous-réseau CATAENAT) — Rapport scientifique 1993. ONF Fontainebleau, p 118.

    Google Scholar 

  • UN-ECE/CEC (1992–1993). Convention on Long-Range Transboundary Air Pollution, International Co-operative Programme on Assessment and Monitoring of Air Pollution Effects on Forests. Annual reports on forest condition in Europe. Results for the years 1991 and 1992.

    Google Scholar 

  • UN-ECE/CEC (1993) Convention on Long-Range Transboundary Air Pollution, International Co-operative Programme on Assessment and Monitoring of Air Pollution Forest Condition in Europe. Results of the 1992 Survey. 1993 Executive Report, p 26 + ann.

    Google Scholar 

  • Visser H, Molenaar J (1992) Estimating trends and stochastic response functions in dendroecology with an application to fir decline. For Sci 38(2):221–234.

    Google Scholar 

  • Wallin G, Skärby L, Sellden G (1990) Long-term exposure of Norway spruce, Picea abies (L.) Karst., to ozone in open-top chambers. I. Effects on maximum capacity of net photosynthesis, dark respiration and leaf conductance of shoots of different ages. New Phytol. 115:335–344.

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Wittig R (1992) Patterns and dynamics: the example of the European beech (Fagus sylvatica L.) forests. In: A. Teller, P. Mathy, J.N.R. Jeffers (eds), Responses of forest ecosystems to environmental changes. Elsevier, London, pp 103–114.

    Google Scholar 

Download references

Author information

Authors and Affiliations

Authors

Editor information

Editors and Affiliations

Rights and permissions

Reprints and permissions

Copyright information

© 1995 Springer-Verlag Berlin Heidelberg

About this paper

Cite this paper

Landmann, G. (1995). Forest Decline and Air Pollution Effects in the French Mountains: A Synthesis. In: Landmann, G., Bonneau, M., Kaennel, M. (eds) Forest Decline and Atmospheric Deposition Effects in the French Mountains. Springer, Berlin, Heidelberg. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-642-79535-0_21

Download citation

  • DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-642-79535-0_21

  • Publisher Name: Springer, Berlin, Heidelberg

  • Print ISBN: 978-3-642-79537-4

  • Online ISBN: 978-3-642-79535-0

  • eBook Packages: Springer Book Archive

Publish with us

Policies and ethics