Skip to main content
SpringerLink
Log in

Cardiac Xenotransplantation

  • Chapter
Assisted Circulation 4

  • 66 Accesses

Abstract

It is generally accepted that there is a shortage of suitable human organs for purposes of transplantation. In July 1993, the total number of patients on the United Network for Organ Sharing (UNOS) waiting list in the USA had risen to 31 868 [1], almost double the number registered in 1988. Almost 3000 patients were awaiting a heart transplant. These data indicate that the demand for organs in the USA is increasing by about 10–15% each year and will certainly exceed 30000 per year for the foreseeable future. Worldwide, this number can be increased by at least a further 50%, and possibly 100%.

This is a preview of subscription content, log in via an institution to check access.

Access this chapter

Log in via an institution
eBook
USD 16.99
Price excludes VAT (USA)
  • Available as EPUB and PDF
  • Read on any device
  • Instant download
  • Own it forever
Softcover Book
USD 109.99
Price excludes VAT (USA)
  • Compact, lightweight edition
  • Dispatched in 3 to 5 business days
  • Free shipping worldwide - see info

Tax calculation will be finalised at checkout

Purchases are for personal use only

Institutional subscriptions

Preview

Unable to display preview. Download preview PDF.

Unable to display preview. Download preview PDF.

References

  1. UNOS Update (1993) 9(7):46

    Google Scholar 

  2. UNOS Update (1993) 9(1):29

    Google Scholar 

  3. Cooper DKC, Kemp E, Reemtsma K, White DJG (eds) (1991) Xenotransplantation: the transplantation of organs and tissues between species. Springer, Berlin Heidelberg New York

    Google Scholar 

  4. Calne RY (1970) Organ transplantation between widely disparate species. Transplant Proc 2:550

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  5. Rose AG, Cooper DKC, Human PA, Reichenspurner H, Reichart G (1991) Histopathology of hyperacute rejection of the heart - experimental and clinical observations in allografts and xenografts. J Heart Transplant 10:223

    CAS  Google Scholar 

  6. Reemtsma K, McCracken BH, Schlegel JU et al. (1964) Renal heterotransplantation in man. Ann Surg 160:384

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  7. Cooper DKC, Human PA, Rose AG, Rees J, Keraan M, Reichart B, du Toit E, Oriol R (1989) The role of ABO blood group compatibility in heart transplantation between closely related animal species. An experimental study using the vervet monkey-to-baboon cardiac xenograft model. J Thorac Cardiovasc Surg 97:447

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  8. Norin AJ, Roslin MS, Panza A et al. (1992) TLI induces specific B-cell unresponsiveness and long-term monkey heart xenograft survival in cyclosporine-treated baboons. Transplant Proc 24:508

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  9. Kawauchi M, Gundry SR, Alonso de Begona J et al. (1993) Prolonged survival of orthotopically transplanted heart xenografts in infant baboons. J Thorac Cardiovasc Surg 106:779

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  10. Demasi R, Araneda D, Gross U, Daniel H, Thomas FT (1989) 15-Deoxyspergualin (DOSP) is a potent immunosuppressive agent in xenografts. Eur Surg Res 21:35

    Google Scholar 

  11. Valdivia LA, Monden M, Gotoh M, Nakano Y, Tono T, Mori T (1990) Evidence that deoxyspergualin prevents sensitization and first-set cardiac xenograft rejection in rats by suppression of antibody formation. Transplantation 50:132

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  12. Burlingham WJ, Grailer AP, Hullett DA, Sollinger HW (1991) Inhibition of both MLC and in vitro IgG memory response to tetanus toxoid by RS61443. Transplantation 51:545

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  13. Grailer AP, Nichols J, Hullett DA, Sollinger HW, Burlingham WJ (1991) Inhibition of human B- cell responses in vitro by RS61443, cyclosporine A and DAB486IL-2. Transplant Proc 23:314

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  14. Allison AC, Almquist SJ, Muller CD, Eugui EM (1991) In vitro immunosuppressive effects of mycophenolic acid and an ester pro-drug RS61443. Transplant Proc 23[Suppl 2]:10

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  15. Tepper MA, Petty B, Bursuker I, Pasternak RD, Cleveland J, Spitalnik GL, Schacter B (1991) Inhibition of antibody production by the immunosuppressive agent, 15-deoxyspergualin. Transplant Proc 23:328

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  16. Cramer DV, Chapman FA, Jaffee BD et al. (1992) The prolongation of concordant hamster-to- rat cardiac xenografts by brequinar sodium. Transplantation 54:403

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  17. Morikawa K, Oseko F, Morikawa S (1992) The suppressive effect of deoxyspergualin on the differentiation of human B lymphocytes maturing into immunoglobulin-producing cells. Transplantation 54:526

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  18. Leventhal JR, Flores HC, Gruber SA et al. (1992) Evidence that 15-deoxyspergualin inhibits natural antibody production but fails to prevent hyperacute rejection in a discordant xenograft model. Transplantation 54:26

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  19. Leventhal JR, Platt JL, Flores HC, Gruber SA, Matas AJ (1992) Inhibition of natural antibody synthesis by cyclophosphamide or 15-deoxyspergualin fails to prevent xenograft rejection in the guinea pig-to-rat model. Transplant Proc 24(2):551

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  20. Ulrichs K, Kaitschick J, Bartlett R, Muller-Ruchholtz W (1992) Suppression of natural xenophile antibodies with the novel immunomodulating drug leflunomide. Transplant Proc 24:718

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  21. Gannedahl G, Karlsson-Parra A, Totterman TH, Tufveson G (1993) 15-Deoxyspergualin inhibits antibody production in mouse-to-rat heart transplantation. Transplant Proc 25:778

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  22. Schmidbauer G, Hancock WW, Wasowska BA, Sablinski T (1993) Rapamycin treatment prevents and/or erases sensitization and abrogates accelerated rejection of vascularized organ allografts. Transplant Proc 25:712

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  23. Daloze P, Chen H, Lo H, Xu D, Shan X, Wu J (1993) Rapamycin’s long-term effects on humoral and cellular immune responses in the rat. Transplant Proc 25:721

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  24. Hasan RI, Sriwatanawongsa V, Wallwork J, White DJ (1993) Consistent prolonged “concordant” survival of hamster-to-rat cardiac xenografts by inhibition of anti-species antibodies with methotrexate. Transplant Proc 25:421

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  25. Cooper DKC, Ye Y (1991) Experience with clinical heart xenotransplantation. In: Cooper DKC et al. (eds) Xenotransplantation. Springer, Berlin Heidelberg New York, p 541

    Google Scholar 

  26. Bailey LL, Nehlsen-Cannarella SL, Concepcion W, Jolley WB (1985) Baboon-to-human cardiac xenotransplantation in a neonate. J Am Med Assoc 254:3321

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  27. Cooper DKC, Ye Y, Rolf LL Jr, Zuhdi N (1991) The pig as potential organ donor for man. In: Cooper DKC et al. (eds) Xenotransplantation. Springer, Berlin Heidelberg New York, p 481

    Google Scholar 

  28. Czaplicki J, Blonska B, Religa Z (1992) The lack of hyperacute xenogeneic heart transplant rejection in a human. J Heart Lung Transplant 11:393

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  29. Bach FH, Platt J, Cooper DKC (1991) Accommodation - the role of natural antibody and complement in discordant xenograft rejection. In: Cooper DKC et al. (eds) Xenotransplantation. Spring, Berlin Heidelberg New York, p 81

    Google Scholar 

  30. Cooper DKC, Ye Y, Kehoe M et al. (1992) A novel approach to “neutralization” of preformed antibodies: cardiac allotransplantation across the ABO-blood group barrier as a paradigm of discordant xenotransplantation. Transplant Proc 24: 566

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  31. Cooper DKC, Ye Y, Niekrasz M et al. (1993) Specific intravenous carbohydrate therapy - a new concept in inhibiting antibody-mediated rejection: experience with ABO-incompatible cardiac allografting in the baboon. Transplantation 56:769

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  32. Alexandre GPJ, Squifflet JP, De Bruyere M, Latinne D, Reding R, Gianello P, Carlier M, Pirson Y (1987) Present experience in a series of 26 ABO-incompatible living donor renal allografts. Transplant Proc 19:4538

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  33. Van Breda Vriesman PJC (1989) The future of plasmapheresis in host manipulation. In: Hardy MA (ed) Xenograft 25. Excerpta Medica, Amsterdam, p 267

    Google Scholar 

  34. Good AH, Cooper DKC, Malcolm AJ, Ippolito RM, Koren E, Neethling FA, Ye Y, Zuhdi N, Lamontagne LR (1992) Identification of carbohydrate structures that bind human anti-porcine antibodies: implications for discordant xenografting in humans. Transplant Proc 24:559

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  35. Oriol R, Ye Y, Koren E, Cooper DKC (1994) Carbohydrate antigens of pig tissues reacting with human natural antibodies as potential targets for hyperacute vascular rejection in pig-to-man organ xenotransplantation. Transplantation 56:1433

    Article  Google Scholar 

  36. Cooper DKC, Good AH, Koren E, Oriol R, Malcolm AJ, Ippolito RM, Neethling FA, Ye Y, Romano E, Zuhdi N (1993) Identification of α-galactosyl and other carbohydrate epitopes that are bound by human anti-pig antibodies: relevance to discordant xenografting in man. Transplant Immunol 1:198

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  37. Langford GA, Yannoutsos N, Cozzi E, Lancaster R, Elsome K, Chen P, Richards A, White DJG (1994) Production of pigs transgenic for human decay accelerating factor. Transplant Proc 26:1400

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  38. White DJG, Oglesby T, Kiszewski MK, Tedja I, Hourcade D, Wang MW, Wright L, Wallwork J, Atkinson JP (1992) Expression of human decay accelerating factor or membrane cofactor protein genes on mouse cells inhibits lysis by human complement. Transplant Proc 24:474

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  39. Inverardi L, Samaja M, Marelli F, Bender JR, Pardi R (1992) Cellular immune recognition of xenogeneic vascular endothelium. Transplant Proc 24:459–461

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  40. Leventhal JR, Dalmasso AP, Cromwell JW, Platt JL, Manivel CJ, Bolman RM, Matas AJ (1993) Prolongation of cardiac xenograft survival by depletion of complement. Transplantation 55:857–866

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  41. Cooper DKC, Koren E, Oriol R (1993) Genetically engineered pigs. Lancet 342:682

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  42. Galili U, Shohet SB, Kobrin E, Stults CLM, Macher BA (1988) Man, apes and Old World monkeys differ from other mammals in the expression of a-galactosyl epitopes on nucleated cells. J Biol Chem 263:17755–17762

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  43. Capecchi MR (1989) Altering the genome by homologous recombination. Science 244:1288–1292

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  44. Condorcet JP (1992) Knock-out a la pelle! Med Sci 8:1091–1096

    Google Scholar 

  45. Moses RD, Auchincloss H (1991) Mechanism of cellular xenograft rejection. In: Cooper DKC et al. (eds) Xenotransplantation. Springer, Berlin Heidelberg New York, p 101

    Google Scholar 

  46. Cooper DKC (1990) A clinical survey of cardiac transplantation between ABO-blood group- incompatible recipients and donors. J Heart Transplant 9:376

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  47. Cooper DKC, Lexer G, Rose AG, Keraan M, Rees J, du Toit E (1988) Effects of cyclosporine and antibody adsorption on pig cardiac xenograft survival in the baboon. J Heart Transplant 7:238

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  48. The Gallup Organization (1993) The American public’s attitudes toward organ donation and transplantation, conducted for the Partnership for Organ Donation, Boston

    Google Scholar 

  49. Hardy JD, Kurrus FE, Chavez CM, Neely WA, Webb WR, Eraslan S, Turner MD, Fabian LW, Labecki JD (1964) Heart transplantation in man: developmental studies and report of a case. J Am Med Assoc 188:1132

    CAS  Google Scholar 

  50. Cooley DA, Hallman GL, Bloodwell RD, Nora JJ, Leachman RD (1968) Human heart transplantation: experience with 12 cases. Am J Cardiol 22:804

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  51. Ross DN (1969) In: Shapiro H (ed) Experience with human heart transplantation. Butterworths, Durban, p 227

    Google Scholar 

  52. Marion P (1969) Les transplantations cardiaques et les transplantations hepatiques. Lyon Med 222:585

    Google Scholar 

  53. Barnard CN, Wolpowitz A, Losman JG (1977) Heterotopic cardiac transplantation with a xenograft for assistance of the left heart in cardiogenic shock after cardiopulmonary bypass. S Afr Med J 52:1035

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

Download references

Authors
  1. D. K. C. Cooper
    View author publications

    You can also search for this author in PubMed Google Scholar

Editor information

Editors and Affiliations

  1. Herzchirurgie Salzburg Landeskrankenanstalten, Müllner Hauptstr. 48, A-5020, Salzburg, Austria

    Felix Unger

Rights and permissions

Reprints and permissions

Copyright information

© 1995 Springer-Verlag Berlin Heidelberg

About this chapter

Cite this chapter

Cooper, D.K.C. (1995). Cardiac Xenotransplantation. In: Unger, F. (eds) Assisted Circulation 4. Springer, Berlin, Heidelberg. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-642-79340-0_27

Download citation

  • DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-642-79340-0_27

  • Publisher Name: Springer, Berlin, Heidelberg

  • Print ISBN: 978-3-642-79342-4

  • Online ISBN: 978-3-642-79340-0

  • eBook Packages: Springer Book Archive

Publish with us

Policies and ethics

Search

Navigation