Abstract
The following protocol is designed for checking constructs containing visible markers as the ß-glucuronidase (Jefferson 1987) or the genes coding for the anthocyanin regulatory proteins Cl (Cone et al. 1986) and B-peru (Goff et al. 1990) in differentiated cells. It describes the electroporation-mediated transformation of wheat immature embryos (Triticum aestivum, spring wheat cultivar Sonora) and the following transient expression of the transformed genes. The same protocol can be used for electroporation of other tissues, like immature embryos of rice and maize. No special treatment of the tissue before electroporation is required. The described electroporation-chamber setup has been constructed for this experiment. It allows easy orientation of the embryos in the electroporation chamber. This orientation is an important factor as (1) only the parts of the tissue will be transformed that are facing the cathode (due to the electrophoretic nature of DNA movement during electroporation), and (2) different parts of the material (e.g., different cell types of the embryo) are not equally susceptible to electroporation-mediated DNA uptake. The scutellum cells of wheat immature embryos, for example, are far more susceptible than the cells on the coleoptile side. With rice immature embryos, good transient expression can be obtained in cells on the coleoptile side, whereas the scutellum cells of the same embryos are recalcitrant under these conditions (Klöti et al. 1993). In experiments where frequency and intensity of transient gene expression following electroporation are investigated, this has to be considered.
This is a preview of subscription content, log in via an institution.
Buying options
Tax calculation will be finalised at checkout
Purchases are for personal use only
Learn about institutional subscriptionsPreview
Unable to display preview. Download preview PDF.
References
Cone KC, Burr FA, Burr B (1986) Molecular analysis of the maize anthocyanin regulatory locus Cl. Proc Natl Acad Sci USA 83: 9631–9635
Goff SA, Klein TM, Roth BA, Fromm ME, Cone KC, Radicella JP, Chandler VL (1990) Transactivation of anthocyanin biosynthetic genes following transfer of B regulatory genes into maize tissues. EMBO J 9: 2517–2522
Jefferson RA (1987) GUS-fusions: (3-glucuronidase as a sensitive and versatile gene fusion marker in higher plants. Plant Mol Biol Rep 5: 387–405
Klöti A, Iglesias VA, Wünn J, Burkhardt PK, Datta SK, Potrykus I (1993) Gene transfer by electroporation into intact scutellum cells of wheat embryos. Plant Cell Rep 12:671–675
Mendel RR, Müller B, Schulze J, Kolesnikov V, Zelenin A (1989) Delivery of foreign genes to intact barley cells by high-velocity microprojectiles. Theor Appl Genet 78:31–34
Murashige T, Skoog F (1962) A revised medium for rapid growth and bioassays with tobacco tissue cultures. Physiol Plant 15: 473–497
Tada Y, Sakamoto M, Fujimura T (1990) Efficient gene introduction into rice by electroporation and analysis of transgenic plants: use of electroporation buffer lacking chloride ions. Theor Appl Genet 80: 475–480
Vasil V, Redway F, Vasil IK (1990) Regeneration of plants from embryogenic suspension culture protoplasts of wheat (Triticum aestivum L.). Bio/Technology 8: 429–433
Editor information
Editors and Affiliations
Rights and permissions
Copyright information
© 1995 Springer-Verlag Berlin Heidelberg
About this chapter
Cite this chapter
Klöti, A. (1995). Transient Expression Following Electroporation into Immature Zygotic Embryos of Wheat. In: Potrykus, I., Spangenberg, G. (eds) Gene Transfer to Plants. Springer Lab Manual. Springer, Berlin, Heidelberg. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-642-79247-2_23
Download citation
DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-642-79247-2_23
Publisher Name: Springer, Berlin, Heidelberg
Print ISBN: 978-3-642-48967-9
Online ISBN: 978-3-642-79247-2
eBook Packages: Springer Book Archive