Skip to main content

The Dynamics of Degassing at Oldoinyo Lengai

  • Chapter
Carbonatite Volcanism

Part of the book series: IAVCEI Proceedings in Volcanology ((VOLCANOLOGY,volume 4))

Abstract

This chapter summarizes field observations of degassing made at Oldoinyo Lengai in 1988 and their implications for the dynamics of the Lengai magma system. Observations of bubbles bursting in a lava lake, and sudden changes in magma level and vesicularity at active vents are consistent with the degassing model developed by Jaupart and Vergniolle (1988, 1989), and suggest that the shallow plumbing system comprises several small (<10-m radius) chambers containing transient foam layers which may, in turn, be connected at depth to a single, larger chamber.

This is a preview of subscription content, log in via an institution to check access.

Access this chapter

Chapter
USD 29.95
Price excludes VAT (USA)
  • Available as PDF
  • Read on any device
  • Instant download
  • Own it forever
eBook
USD 39.99
Price excludes VAT (USA)
  • Available as EPUB and PDF
  • Read on any device
  • Instant download
  • Own it forever
Softcover Book
USD 54.99
Price excludes VAT (USA)
  • Compact, lightweight edition
  • Dispatched in 3 to 5 business days
  • Free shipping worldwide - see info

Tax calculation will be finalised at checkout

Purchases are for personal use only

Institutional subscriptions

Preview

Unable to display preview. Download preview PDF.

Unable to display preview. Download preview PDF.

References

  • Blackburn EA, Wilson L, Sparks RSJ (1976) Mechanisms and dynamics of strombolian activity. J Geol Soc Lond 132:429–440.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Chouet B, Hamisevicz N, McGetchin TR (1974) Photoballistics of volcanic jet activity at Stromboli, Italy. J Geophys Res 79:4961–4976.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Clift R, Grace JR, Weber ME (1978) Bubbles, drops and particles. Academic Press, New York, pp 1–380.

    Google Scholar 

  • Dawson JB (1962) The geology of Oldoinyo Lengai. Bull Volcanol 24:349–387.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Dawson JB (1989) Sodium carbonatite extrusions from Oldoinyo Lengai, Tanzania: implications for carbonatite complex genesis. In: Bell K (ed) Carbonatities — genesis and evolution. Unwin and Hyman, London, pp 255–277.

    Google Scholar 

  • Dawson JB, Bowden P, Clark GC (1968) Activity of the carbonatite volcano, Oldoinyo Lengai. Geol Rundsch 57:865–879.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Dawson JB, Pinkerton H, Norton GE, Pyle DM (1990) Physicochemical properties of alkali carbonatite lavas: data from the 1988 eruption of Oldoinyo Lengai, Tanzania. Geology 18:260–263.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Ferry JM, Baumgartner L (1987) Thermodynamic models of molecular fluids at the elevated pressures and temperatures of crustal metamorphism. Rev Mineral 17:323–365.

    Google Scholar 

  • Hobley CW (1918) A volcanic eruption in east Africa. J East Afr Uganda Nat Hist Soc 5:339–343.

    Google Scholar 

  • Janz GJ (1988) Thermodynamic and transport properties for molten salts: correlation equations for critically evaluated density, surface tension, electrical conductance and viscosity data. J Phys Chem Ref Data 17 Suppl 2:1–309.

    Google Scholar 

  • Jaupart C, Vergniolle S (1988) Laboratory models of Hawaiian and Strombolian eruptions. Nature 331:58–60.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Jaupart C, Vergniolle S (1989) The generation and collapse of a foam layer at the roof of a basaltic magma chamber. J Fluid Mechanics 203:347–380.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Javoy M, Pineau F, Staudacher T, Cheminee JL, Krafft M (1989) Mantle volatiles sampled from a continental rift: the 1988 eruption of Oldoinyo Lengai (Tanzania). Terra Abstr 1:324.

    Google Scholar 

  • Keller J, Krafft M (1990) Effusive natrocarbonatite activity of Oldoinyo Lengai, June 1988. Bull Volcanol 52:629–645.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Krafft M, Keller J (1989) Temperature measurements in carbonatite lava lakes and flows from Oldoinyo Lengai, Tanzania. Science 245:168–170.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • McGetchin TR, Settle M, Chouet B (1974) Cinder cone growth modelled after Northeast crater, Mount Etna, Sicily. J Geophys Res 79:3257–3272.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Nyamweru C (1988) Activity of Oldoinyo Lengai volcano, Tanzania 1983-1987. J Afr Earth Sci 7:603–610.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Nyamweru C (1989) Report of activity in the northerm crater of Oldoinyo Lengai, 24th June to 1st July 1988. J East Afr Nat Hist Soc Natl Mus 79:1–15.

    Google Scholar 

  • Pyle DM, Dawson JB, Ivanovich M (1991) Short-lived decay series disequilibria in the natrocarbonatite lavas of Oldoinyo Lengai, Tanzania: constraints on the timing of magma genesis. Earth Planet Sci Lett 105:378–396.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Settle M, McGetchin TR (1980) Statistical analysis of persistent explosive activity at Stromboli, 1971: implications for eruption prediction. J Volcanol Geotherm Res 8:45–58.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Sparks RSJ (1978) The dynamics of bubble formation and growth in magmas: a review and analysis. J Volcanol Geotherm Res 3:1–37.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Tilling RI (1987) Fluctuations in surface height of active lava lakes during 1972–1974 Mauna Ulu eruption, Kilauea volcano, Hawaii. J Geophys Res 92:13721–13730.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Vergniolle S, Jaupart C (1986) Separated two-phase flow and basaltic eruptions. J Geophys Res 91:12842–12860.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Vergniolle S, Jaupart C (1990) Dynamics of degassing at Kilaeua volcano, Hawaii. J Geophys Res 95:2793–2809.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Wilson L (1972) Explosive volcanic eruptions — II. The atmospheric trajectories of pyroclasts. Geophys J R Astr Soc 30:381–392.

    Google Scholar 

  • Wilson L (1980) Relationships between pressure, volatile content and ejecta velocity in three types of volcanic explosion. J Volcanol Geotherm Res 8:297–313.

    Article  Google Scholar 

Download references

Author information

Authors and Affiliations

Authors

Editor information

Editors and Affiliations

Rights and permissions

Reprints and permissions

Copyright information

© 1995 Springer-Verlag Berlin Heidelberg

About this chapter

Cite this chapter

Pyle, D.M., Pinkerton, H., Norton, G.E., Dawson, J.B. (1995). The Dynamics of Degassing at Oldoinyo Lengai. In: Bell, K., Keller, J. (eds) Carbonatite Volcanism. IAVCEI Proceedings in Volcanology, vol 4. Springer, Berlin, Heidelberg. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-642-79182-6_4

Download citation

  • DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-642-79182-6_4

  • Publisher Name: Springer, Berlin, Heidelberg

  • Print ISBN: 978-3-642-79184-0

  • Online ISBN: 978-3-642-79182-6

  • eBook Packages: Springer Book Archive

Publish with us

Policies and ethics