Abstract
Septic shock is characterized as a distributive form of circulatory failure [1]. Alteration in peripheral tone and cardiac function contribute to the cardiovascular manifestations of septic shock [2,3]. Cardiac output usually is increased or maintained by an increase in heart rate. Systemic vascular resistance is decreased reflecting decreased arteriolar and venular tone. In contrast, pulmonary vascular resistance frequently is increased with associated pulmonary hypertension. Hypoperfusion is marked by the accumulation of lactic acid despite less than maximal oxygen extraction.
Access this chapter
Tax calculation will be finalised at checkout
Purchases are for personal use only
Preview
Unable to display preview. Download preview PDF.
References
Parker MM, Parillo JE (1983) Septic shock, hemodynamics and pathogenesis. JAMA 250: 3324–3328
Blain C, Anderson T, Pietras R, Gunnar R (1970) Immediate hemodynamic effects of gram-negative vs gram-positive bacteremia in man. Arch Intern Med 126: 260–265
Groeneveld AJ, Bronsveld JW, Thijs L (1986) Hemodynamic determinants of mortality in human septic shock. Surgery 90: 140–152
Cryer H, Garrison W, Kaebnick H, Harris PD, Flint LM (1987) Skeletal microcirculatory responses to hyperdynamic Escherichia coli sepsis in anesthetized rats. Arch Surg 122: 86–92
Dorio V, Whalen C, Naldi M, Fossion A, Juhmes J, Marcelle R (1989) Contribution of peripheral blood flow pooling to central hemodynamic disturbances during endotoxin insult in intact dogs. Crit Care Med 17: 1314–1319
Carrol G, Synder J (1982) Hyperdynamic severe intravascular sepsis depends on fluid administration in cyonomolgus monkey. Am J Physiol 243: R131–R141
Teule GJ, den Hollander W, Bronsveld W (1983) Effect of volume loading and dopamine on hemodynamics and red-cell redistribution in canine endotoxin shock. Circ Shock 10: 41–50
Whitworth PW, Cryer HM, Garrison RN, Baumgarten TE, Harris PD (1989) Hypoperfusion of the intestinal microcirculation without decreased cardiac output during live Escherichia coli sepsis in rats. Cir Shock 27: 111–122
Garrison RN, Ratcliffe DJ, Fry DE (1980) Hepatocellular function and nutrient blood flow in experimental peritonitis. Surgery 92: 713–719
Hartl WH, Gunther B, Inthorn D, Heberer G (1988) Reactive hyperemia in patients with septic conditions. Surgery 103: 440–444
Astiz ME, Tilly E, Rackow EC, Weil MH (1991) Peripheral vascular tone in sepsis. Chest 99: 1072–1075
Hermansen L, Wachtlova M (1971) Capillary density of skeletal muscle in well trained and untrained men. J Appl Physiol 30: 860–863
Nicoll PA, Webb RL (1955) Vascular patterns and active vasomotion as determiners of flow through minute vessels. Angiology 6: 291–310
Colantuoni A, Bertuglia S, Intaglietta M (1984) Quantitation of rhythmic diameter changes in arterial microcirculation. Am J Physiol 246: H508–H517
Fagrell B, Intaglietta M, Ostergren J (1980) Relative hematocrit in human skin capillaries and its relationship to capillary blood flow velocity. Microvasc Res 20: 327–335
Intaglietta M (1981) Vasomotion activity, time-dependent fluid exchange and tissue pressure. Microcirc Res 21: 153–164
Meyer JU, Borgstrom P, Lindbom L, Intaglietta M (1988) Vasomotion patterns in skeletal muscle arterioles during changes in arterial pressure. Microvasc Res 35: 193–203
Colantuoni A, Bertuglia S, Intaglietta M (1984) The effect of α- and β-adrenergic receptor agonists and antagonists and calcium entry blokers on the spontaneous vasomotion. Microvasc Res 28: 143–158
Meyer JU, Lindbom L, Intaglietta M (1987) Coordinated diameter oscillations at arteriolar bifurcations in skeletal muscle. Am J Physiol 253: H568–H573
Lindbom L, Arfors KE (1985) Mechanism and site of control for variation in the number of perfused capillaries in skeletal muscle. Int J Microcirc Clin Exp 4: 19–30
Bertuglia S, Colantuoni A, Coppini G, Intaglietta (1991) Hypoxia- or hyperoxia-induced changes in arteriolar vasomotion in skeletal muscle microcirculation. Am J Physiol 260: H362–H372
Burton KS, Johnson PC (1972) Reactive hyperemia in individual capillaries of skeletal muscle. Am J Physiol 223: 517–524
Koller A, Kaley G (1990) Role of endothelium in reactive dilation of skeletal muscle arterioles. Am J Physiol 259: H1313–H1316
Ward ME, Magder SA, Hussain S (1993) Role of endothelium-derived factor in reactive hyperemia in canine diaphragm. Am J Physiol 74: 1606–1612
Sibbald WJ, Fox G, Martin C (1991) Abnormalities of vascular reactivity in the sepsis syndrome. Chest 100: 155S–159S
Dranzenovic R, Samsel RW, Wylam ME, Doerschule CM, Schumacker PT (1992) Regulation of perfused capillary density in canine intestinal mucosa during endotoxemia. J Appl Physiol 72: 259–265
Boczkowski J, Vicaut E, Aubier M (1992) In vivo effects of Escherichia coli endotoxemia on diaphragmatic microcirculation in rats. J Appl Physiol 72: 2219–2224
Gutierrez G, Lund N, Palizas F (1991) Rabbit skeletal muscle PO2 during hypodynamie sepsis. Chest 99: 224–229
Vallet B, Lund N, Curtis SE, Kelly D, Cain SM (1994) Gut and muscle tissue PO2 in endotoxemic dogs during shock and resuscitation. J Appl Physiol 76: 793–800
Whitney RJ (1953) The measurement of volume changes in human limbs. J Physiol 121: 1–27
Gamble J, Gartside IB, Merrithew S (1989) The time course of the vascular compliance component of human lower limbs during venous occlusion Mercury-in-rubber strain gauge (MSG) plethysmography. Int J Microcirc Clin Exp 9: 123P (Abst)
Michel CC, Moyses C (1987) The measurement of fluid filtration in human limbs. In: Tooke J, Smaje LH (eds) Clinical investigation of the microcirculation. Maritus Nijhoff. Boston, pp 103–126
Lang CH, Bagby Gj, Ferguson JL (1984) Cardiac output and redistribution of organ blood flow in hyperdynamic sepsis. Am J Physiol 246: R331–R337
Theuer CJ, Wilson MA, Steeb GD, Garrison RN (1993) Microvascular vasoconstriction and mucosal hypoperfusion of the rat small intestine during bacteremia. Circ Shock 40: 61–68
Bonner RF, Clem TR, Bowen PD (1981) Laser-Doppler continuous real-time monitor of pulsatile and mean blood flow in tissue microcirculation. In: Chen SH, Chu B, Nossal R (eds) Scattering techniques applied to supramolecular and non-equilibrium systems. Plenum Press, New York, pp 685–701
Bonner R, Nossal R (1981) Model for laser Doppler measurements of blood flow in tissue. Appl Optics 20: 2097–2107
Stern MD (1975) In vivo evaluation of microcirculation by coherent light scattering. Nature 254: 56–58
Tahmoush AJ, Bowen PD, Bonner RF, Mancini TJ, KingEngei W (1983) Laser Doppler blood flow studies during pen muscle biopsy in patients with neuromuscular diseases. Neurology 33: 547–551
Tooke JE, Ostergren J, Fagrell B (1983) Synchronous assessment of human microcirculation by laser Doppler flometry and dynamic capillaroscopy. Int J Microcircul Clin Exp 2: 277–284
Mechler F, Mastaglia FL, Haggith J (1980) Adrenergic receptor responses of vascular smooth muscle in Becker dystrophy: A muscle blood flow study using the 133Xe clearance method. J Neurol Sci 46: 291–302
Neviere R, Mathieu D, Chagnon JL, Wattel F (1994) Skeletal muscle microvascular response to severe sepsis: Effects of O2 delivery increase on reactive hyperemia. Crit Care Med 22: A110 (Abst)
Finley RJ, Duff JH, Holliday RL, Hones RL, Marchuk JB (1975) Capillary blood flow in human sepsis. Surgery 78: 87–94
Ellsworth ML, Goldfarb RD, Alexander RS, Bell DR, Powers SR (1981) Microembolization-induced oxygen utilization impairement in the canine gracilis muscle. Adv Shock Res 5: 89–99
Maynard N, Bihari D, Beale R, et al (1993) Assessement of splanchnic tonometry in patients with acute circulatory failure. JAMA 270: 1203–1210
Kvietys PR, Shepherd AP, Granger DN (1985) Laser-Doppler, H2 clearance, and microsphere estimates of mucosal blood flow. Am J Physiol 249: G221–G227
Kvernebo K, Lunde OC, Larsen S (1986) Human gastric blood circulation evaluated by endoscopic laser Doppler flowmetry. Scand J Gastroenterol 21: 685–692
Editor information
Editors and Affiliations
Rights and permissions
Copyright information
© 1995 Springer-Verlag Berlin Heidelberg
About this paper
Cite this paper
Nevière, R., Mathieu, D. (1995). Microangiodynamic Abnormalities in Sepsis. In: Vincent, JL. (eds) Yearbook of Intensive Care and Emergency Medicine. Yearbook of Intensive Care and Emergency Medicine, vol 1995. Springer, Berlin, Heidelberg. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-642-79154-3_44
Download citation
DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-642-79154-3_44
Publisher Name: Springer, Berlin, Heidelberg
Print ISBN: 978-3-540-58256-4
Online ISBN: 978-3-642-79154-3
eBook Packages: Springer Book Archive