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Stratospheric Ozone Depletion/UV-B Radiation in the Biosphere pp 81–96Cite as

Effects of Stratospheric Ozone Depletion and Increased Levels of Ultraviolet Radiation on Subantarctic Forests and Western Patagonian Steppe: A Research Project

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Part of the book series: NATO ASI Series ((ASII,volume 18))

Abstract

The depletion of stratospheric ozone is a well established fact, supported by remote sensing data. A corresponding increase of solar UV-B radiation reaching the surface of the Earth is being documented. The effects of this increment of UV radiation on living organisms are uncertain. Most of our knowledge of this problem is the result of laboratory experiments and studies on marine phytoplankton of Antarctica.

The purpose of this project is to identify and measure indicators of the effect of increased solar UV-B radiation on terrestrial plants. Our goal is to establish these indicators so that we may use them to predict the effects of further increased UV-B radiation on terrestrial ecosystems.

We propose a three year study of two parallel ecosystem types (forest and steppe) that run N-S over a 15° latitudinal gradient, along a gradient of ozone depletion over the mid-latitudes in Argentina.

Two stations to measure UV radiation and photosynthetically active radiation (PAR) will be installed along the gradient. We will use the same type of radiometerthat is operated simultaneously with the spectroradiometer of the NSF Polar Program installed at Ushuaia, in Tierra del Fuego. The data of the latter will also be used in this project. Samples and in situ measurements will be taken at 10 sites on the gradient in the austral spring in each of the three years. The tasks we expect to perform at these 10 sites are 1) photosynthesis measurements, 2) chlorophyll concentration measurements, 3) leaf area and leaf area index (LAI) measurements, 4) epidermal pigments and soluble proteins extraction.

Intensive work will be performed at 3 sites (northern end, center, and southern end of the transect). The tasks described above will be performed, but we will also take a) productivity measurements, b) spectroradiometry, and c) collection of seedlings (and/or seeds) of Nothofagus spp., Festuca gracillima, Poa spp. Rumex acetosa and R. acetosella. A greenhouse experiment will be carried out in the southernmost site (Ushuaia). The seedlings (and seeds) collected at the three instrumented sites will be grown under ambient conditions and under UV filters. All the above measurements will be performed on these plants at regular intervals by the research team while in the study area and by local research staff for the remainder of the year.

We expect to produce and calibrate biochemical, botanical (LAI, and others), and spectroradiometric data. Our ground level measurements of UV radiation will be correlated to remote sensing data of ozone. The data will be used to generate response surface and other models of those variables controlled by UV radiation. In turn, these data will be used in ecosystem models in order to simulate the current conditions in both ecosystems and predict future developments under different scenarios. A point model will be developed which will then be applied at regional scale at selected locations along the gradient.

This research will complement NASA’s commitment to the study of stratospheric ozone. Southern Argentina is the most appropriate place for study as the largest UV effects on terrestrial ecosystems are expected there. Our findings may be relevant for human and all other forms of life. Furthermore, this research addresses several issues highlighted in the Working Document of April 4, 1993 on the U.S. Federal Government-Wide Ultraviolet-B (UV-B) Research Activity.

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Authors and Affiliations

  1. NASA/Ames Research Center, Mail Stop 242-4, Moffett Field, CA, 94035-1000, USA

    Hector L. D’Antoni

  2. Johnson Controls World Services, Ames Operation, NASA/Ames Research Center, USA

    Roy Armstrong, Joseph Coughlan & Jay Skiles

  3. Facultad de Ciencias Exactas y Naturales, Universidad Nacional de Mar del Plata, Funes 3250, 7600, Mar del Plata, Argentina

    Gustavo R. Daleo

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  1. Hector L. D’Antoni
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Editors and Affiliations

  1. Horticultural Science Faculty, University of Florida, P.O.Box 110 692, Gainesville, FL, 32611-0692, USA

    R. Hilton Biggs  & Margaret E. B. Joyner  & 

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D’Antoni, H.L., Armstrong, R., Coughlan, J., Skiles, J., Daleo, G.R. (1994). Effects of Stratospheric Ozone Depletion and Increased Levels of Ultraviolet Radiation on Subantarctic Forests and Western Patagonian Steppe: A Research Project. In: Biggs, R.H., Joyner, M.E.B. (eds) Stratospheric Ozone Depletion/UV-B Radiation in the Biosphere. NATO ASI Series, vol 18. Springer, Berlin, Heidelberg. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-642-78884-0_12

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