Zusammenfassung
Populationen leben nicht alleine in ihrer chemisch-physikalischen Umwelt. Jede Population bewirkt durch den Konsum von Nahrung und durch die Abgabe von Stoffwechselendprodukten mehr oder weniger starke Veränderungen ihrer Umwelt. Damit werden die verschiedenen Populationen füreinander zu wichtigen Umweltfaktoren. Meistens hängen die Wechselwirkungen zwischen Populationen mit dem zentralen Thema „Fressen und gefressen werden“ zusammen. Zwei verschiedene Populationen können dieselben Ressourcen beanspruchen, sie sind dann Konkurrenten. Im anderen Fall kann eine Population der anderen als Ressource dienen (Beute) oder sie als Ressource ausbeuten (Räuber). Eine Population kann aber auch die Umwelt zum Nutzen einer anderen modifizieren, ohne selbst einen deutlichen Vorteil oder Nachteil zu haben (Facilitation). Besteht ein wechselseitiger Vorteil spricht man von Symbiose.
Chapter PDF
Literatur
Bautista B, Harris RP, Tranter PRG, Harbour D (1992) In situ copepod feeding and grazing rates during a spring bloom dominated by Phaeocystis sp. in the English Channel. J Plankton Res 14: 691–703
Bratbak G, Thingstad GF (1985) Phytoplanktonbacteria interactions: An apparent paradox? Analysis of a model system with both competition and commensalism. Mar Ecol Progr Ser 25: 23–30
Brooks JL, Dodson SI (1965) Predation, body size and composition of plankton. Science 150: 28–35
Bruning K (1991) Effect of phosphorus limitation on the epidemiology of chytrid phytoplankton parasite. Freshwat Biol 25: 409–417
Caron DA, Goldman JC, Dennett MR (1988) Experimental demonstration of the roles of bacteria and bacterivorous protozoa in plankton nutrient cycles. Hydrobiologia 159: 27–40
Connell JH (1978) Diversity in tropical rain forests and coral reefs. Science 199: 1304–1310
Connell JH (1980) Diversity and coevolution of competitors, or the ghost of competition past. Oikos 49: 177–180
Gause GJ (1934) The struggle for existence. Williams and Wilkins, Baltimore
Gaedeke A, Sommer U (1986) The influence of the frequency of periodic disturbances on the maintenance of phytoplankton diversity. 0ecologia 71: 25–28
Geller W (1989) The energy budget of two sympatric Daphnia species in Lake Constance: Productivity and energy residence times. 0ecologia 78: 242–250
Gilbert JJ, Stemberger RS (1985) Control of Keratella populations by interference competition from Daphnia. Limnol Oceanogr 1985: 180–188
Gliwicz ZM (1986) Predation and the evolution of vertical migration in zooplankton. Nature 320: 746–748
Glide H (1989) The role of grazing on bacteria in plankton succession. In: Sommer U (Hrsg) Plankton ecology: Succession in plankton communities. Springer, Berlin, Heidelberg, New York, Tokyo, 365–364
Holfeld, H (1992) Pilzbefall bei Planktonalgen, Diss Univ Kiel
Hutchinson GE (1961) The paradox of plankton. Am Nat 95: 137–147
Lampert W (1987) Predictability in lake ecosystems: The role of biotic interactions. In: Schulze ED, Zwölfer H (Hrsg) Ecological Studies, Vol 61. Springer, Berlin, Heidelberg, Ne York, Tokyo, 333–346
Lampert W (1988) The relationship between zooplankton biomass and grazing: A review. Limnologica 19: 11–20
Loose CJ, von Elert E, Dawidowicz P (1993) Chemically induced vertical migration in daphnia’ a new bioassay for kairomones exuded by fish. Arch Hydrobiol 126: 329–337
Maestrini SY, Graneli E (1991) Environmental conditions and ecophysiological mechanisms which led to the 1988 Chrysochromulina polylepis bloom. Oceanol Acta 14: 397–413
McManus GB, Fuhrman JA (1988) Control of marine bacterioplankton populations: measurement and significance of grazing. Hydrobiologia 159: 51–62
Rakusa-Suszczewski S (1969) The food of chaetognatha in the seas around the British Isles. Pol Arch Hydrobiol 16: 213–232
Rothhaupt KO (1988) Mechanistic resource competition theory applied to laboratory experiments with zooplankton. Nature 333: 660–662
Rothhaupt KO (1992) Stimulation of phosphorus-limited phytoplankton by bacterivorous flagellates in laboratory experiments. Limnol Oceanogr 37: 750–759
Rothhaupt KO, Güde H (1992) The influence of spatial and temporal gradients on phosphate partitioning between different size fractions of plankton: Further evidence and possible causes. Limnol Oceanogr 37: 739–749
Sommer U (1985) Comparison between steady state and non-steady state competition: experiments with natural phytoplankton. Limnol Oceanogr 30: 335–346
Sommer U (1987) Factors controlling the seasonal variation in phytoplankton species composition–A case study for a deep nutrient rich lake. Progr Phycol Res 5: 123–178
Sommer U (1988) Phytoplankton succession in microcosm experiments under simultaneous grazing pressure and resource limitation. Limnol Oceanogr 33: 1037–1054
Sommer U (1989a) The role of competition for resources in phytoplankton succession. In: Sommer U (Hrsg) Plankton ecology: Succession in plankton communities. Springer, Berlin, Heidelberg, New York, Tokyo, 57–106
Sommer U (1989b) Nutrient status and nutrient competition of phytoplankton in a shallow, hypertrophic lake. Limnol Oceanogr 34: 1162–1173
Tilman D (1977) Resource competition between planktonic algae: An experimental and theoretical approach. Ecology 58: 338–348
Tilman D (1982) Resource competition and community structure. Princeton Univ Press, Princeton NJ
Tilman D, Sterner RW (1984) Invasions of equilibria: test of resource competition using two species of algae. Oecologia 61: 197–200
Turpin DH, Harrison PJ (1980) Cell size manipulation in natural marine, planktonic, diatom communities. Can J Fish Aquat Sci 37: 1193–1195
Vareschi E, Jacobs J (1985) The ecology of lake Nakuru: VI. Synopsis of production and energy flow. Oecologia 65: 412–424
Viso AC, Pesando D, Baby C (1987) Antibacterial and antifungal properties of some marine diatoms in culture. Bot Mar 30: 41–45
Wissel C (1989) Theoretische Ökologie. Springer, Berlin, Heidelberg, New York, Tokyo
Author information
Authors and Affiliations
Rights and permissions
Copyright information
© 1994 Springer-Verlag Berlin Heidelberg
About this chapter
Cite this chapter
Sommer, U. (1994). Interaktionen zwischen Populationen. In: Planktologie. Springer, Berlin, Heidelberg. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-642-78804-8_8
Download citation
DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-642-78804-8_8
Publisher Name: Springer, Berlin, Heidelberg
Print ISBN: 978-3-540-57676-1
Online ISBN: 978-3-642-78804-8
eBook Packages: Springer Book Archive