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The Suprachiasmatic Nucleus and Other Pacemakers

  • Chapter
Biologic Rhythms in Clinical and Laboratory Medicine

Abstract

A host of experiments involving mainly rats and hamsters have led to the recognition of the suprachiasmatic nuclei (SCN) of the hypothalamus as the site of an endogenous circadian oscillator in mammals (Rietveld and Groos 1980; Meijer and Rietveld 1989).Using an autoradiographic tracing method Moore (1973) demonstrated a direct neuronal connection between the retina and the SCN in the rat, the retinohypothalamic projection (RHP). In addition to this anatomical finding there is other empirical support for the assumption that the SCN are a major pacemaker. Many behavioural circadian rhythms are abolished by complete bilateral SCN lesions or surgical islation (Rusak and Zucker 1979). Electrical stimulation of the SCN alters the phase of circadian rhythms in locomotor activity in rodents (Rusak and Groos 1982). With the aid of the 2-DG method, Schwartz et al. (1980) demonstrated a circadian rhythm in metabolic activity in the SCN, glucose utilization being high during the light period. No other brain area exhibits a similar rhythm. In accordance with this are electrophysiological studies (In- ouye and Kawamura 1979) showing that in vivo and in vitro the multiunit activity within the SCN is high during the light period and low during darkness.

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Authors
  1. W. J. Rietveld
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Editors and Affiliations

  1. Faculté de Médecine Pitié-Salpétrière, Laboratoire de Biochimie Médicale, 91, Boulevard de l’Hôpital, 75634, Paris Cedex 13, France

    Yvan Touitou (Professor of Biochemistry) (Professor of Biochemistry)

  2. Department of Laboratory Medicine and Pathology, University of Minnesota, 640 Jackson Street, 55101-259, St.Paul, MN, USA

    Erhard Haus (Professor, Chairman) (Professor, Chairman)

  3. Department of Anatomic and Clinical Pathology, St. Paul-Ramsey Medical Center, 640 Jackson Street, 55101-259, St.Paul, MN, USA

    Erhard Haus (Professor, Chairman) (Professor, Chairman)

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Rietveld, W.J. (1992). The Suprachiasmatic Nucleus and Other Pacemakers. In: Touitou, Y., Haus, E. (eds) Biologic Rhythms in Clinical and Laboratory Medicine. Springer, Berlin, Heidelberg. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-642-78734-8_4

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  • DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-642-78734-8_4

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  • Print ISBN: 978-3-642-78736-2

  • Online ISBN: 978-3-642-78734-8

  • eBook Packages: Springer Book Archive

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