Skip to main content
SpringerLink
Log in

The Hairpin Ribozyme

  • Chapter
Nucleic Acids and Molecular Biology

Part of the book series: Nucleic Acids and Molecular Biology ((NUCLEIC,volume 8))

Abstract

RNA enzymes, or ribozymes, are fascinating molecules with novel biochemical properties. Since the discovery of ribozymes in 1981, biological catalysis by RNA has been found to be at the heart of critical steps in gene expression, including RNA splicing, endonucleolytic RNA processing, and possibly ribosomal peptide bond formation (Sheldon et al. 1990; Noller et al. 1992; Symons 1992; Cech 1993; Long and Uhlenbeck 1993). In addition, ribozymes with altered substrate specificities have considerable potential as experimental tools for modulating gene expression through the cleavage of targeted mRNA molecules, and this potential may some day extend to therapeutic applications (Cech 1988; Haseloff and Gerlach 1988; Rossi and Sarver 1992).

This is a preview of subscription content, log in via an institution to check access.

Access this chapter

Log in via an institution
Chapter
USD 29.95
Price excludes VAT (USA)
  • Available as PDF
  • Read on any device
  • Instant download
  • Own it forever
eBook
USD 84.99
Price excludes VAT (USA)
  • Available as PDF
  • Read on any device
  • Instant download
  • Own it forever
Softcover Book
USD 109.99
Price excludes VAT (USA)
  • Compact, lightweight edition
  • Dispatched in 3 to 5 business days
  • Free shipping worldwide - see info

Tax calculation will be finalised at checkout

Purchases are for personal use only

Institutional subscriptions

Preview

Unable to display preview. Download preview PDF.

Unable to display preview. Download preview PDF.

References

  • Anderson P, Monforte J, Tritz R, Nesbitt S, Hearst J, Hampel A (1994) Mutagenesis of the hairpin ribozyme. Nucleic Acids Res 22:1096–1100

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Beaudry AA, Joyce GF (1992) Directed evolution of an RNA enzyme. Science 257: 635–641

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Berzal-Herranz A, Joseph S, Burke JM (1992) In vitro selection of active hairpin ribozymes by sequential RNA-catalyzed cleavage and ligation reactions. Genes Dev 6:129–134

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Berzal-Herranz A, Joseph S, Chowrira BM, Butcher SE, Burke JM (1993) Essential nucleotide sequences and secondary structure elements of the hairpin ribozyme. EMBO J 12:2567–2574

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Burke JM, Berzal-Herranz A (1993) In vitro selection and evolution of RNA: applications for catalytic RNA, molecular recognition, and drug discovery. FASEB J 7:106–112

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Butcher SE, Burke JM (1994) A photo-cross-linkable tertiary structure motif found in functionally distinct RNA molecules is essential for catalytic function of the hairpin ribozyme. Biochemistry 33:992–999

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Buzayan JM, Hampel A, Bruening G (1986a) Nucleotide sequence and newly formed phosphodiester bond of spontaneously ligated satellite tobacco ringspot virus RNA. Nucleic Acids Res 14:9729–9743

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Buzayan JM, Gerlach WL, Bruening G, Keese P, Gould AR (1986b) Nucleotide sequence of satellite tobacco ringspot virus RNA and its relationship to multimeric forms. Virology 151:186–199

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Cadwell RC, Joyce GF (1992) Randomization of genes by PCR mutagenesis. PCR Methods Appl 2:28–33

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Cech TR (1988) Ribozymes and their medical implications. J Am Med Assoc 260:3030–3034

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Cech TR (1993) Structure and mechanism of the large catalytic RNAs: group I and group II introns and ribonuclease P. In: The RNA world. Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory, Cold Spring Harbor, NY, pp 239–269

    Google Scholar 

  • Cech TR, Herschlag D, Piccirilli JA, Pyle AM (1992) RNA catalysis by a group I ribozyme: developing a model for transition state stabilization. J Biol Chem 267:17479–17482

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Chowrira BM, Burke JM (1991) Binding and cleavage of nucleic acids by the hairpin ribozyme. Biochemistry 30:8518–8522

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Chowrira BM, Burke JM (1992) Extensive phosphorothioate substitution yields highly active and nuclease-resistant hairpin ribozymes. Nucleic Acids Res 20:2835–2840

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Chowrira BM, Berzal-Herranz A, Burke JM (1991) Novel guanosine requirement for catalysis by the hairpin ribozyme. Nature 354:320–322

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Chowrira BM, Berzal-Herranz A, Burke JM (1993a) Ionic requirements for RNA binding, cleavage, and ligation by the hairpin ribozyme. Biochemistry 32:1088–1095

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Chowrira BM, Berzal-Herranz A, Keller CF, Burke JM (1993b) Four ribose 2′-hydroxyl groups essential for catalytic function of the hairpin ribozyme. J Biol Chem 268:19458–19462

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Dahm SC, Uhlenbeck OC (1991) Role of divalent metal ions in the hammerhead RNA cleavage reaction. Biochemistry 30:9464–9469

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • dos Santos DV, Fourrey J-L, Favre A (1993a) Flexibility of the bulge formed between a hairpin ribozyme and deoxy-substrate analogues. Biochem Biophys Res Commun 190: 377–385

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • dos Santos DV, Vianna A-L, Fourrey J-L, Favre A (1993b) Folding of DNA substrate-hairpin ribozyme domains: use of deoxy 4-thiouridine as an intrinsic photolabel. Nucleic Acids Res 21:201–207

    Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  • Famulok M, Szostak JW (1993) Selection of functional RNA and DNA molecules from Random sequences. In: Eckstein F, Lilley DMJ (eds) Nucleic Acids and Molecular Biology, vol 7. Springer, Berlin Heidelberg New York, pp 271–284

    Google Scholar 

  • Feldstein PA, Bruening G (1993) Catalytically active geometry in the reversible circularization of “mini-monomer” RNAs derived from the complementary strand of tobacco ringspot virus satellite RNA. Nucleic Acids Res 21:1991–1998

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Feldstein PA, Buzayan JM, Bruening G (1989) Two sequences participating in the autolytic processing of satellite tobacco ringspot virus complementary RNA. Gene 82:53–61

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Feldstein PA, Buzayan JM, Van Tol H, DeBear J, Gough GR, Gilham PT, Bruening G (1990) Specific association between an endoribonucleolytic sequence from a satellite RNA and a substrate analogue containing a 2′–5′ phosphodiester. Proc Natl Acad Sci USA 87:2623–2627

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Hampel A, Tritz R (1989) RNA catalytic properties of the minimum (-)sTRSV sequence. Biochemistry 28:4929–4933

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Hampel A, Tritz R, Hicks M, Cruz P (1990) “Hairpin” catalytic RNA model: evidence for helices and sequence requirement for substrate RNA. Nucleic Acids Res 18:299–304

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Haseloff J, Gerlach WL (1988) Simple RNA enzymes with new and highly specific endoribonuclease activities. Nature 334:585–591

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Haseloff J, Gerlach WL (1989) Sequences required for self-catalysed cleavage of the satellite RNA of tobacco ringspot virus. Gene 82:43–52

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Joseph S, Burke JM (1993) Optimization of an anti-HIV hairpin ribozyme by in vitro selection. J Biol Chem 268:24515–24518

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Joseph S, Berzal-Herranz A, Chowrira BM, Butcher SE, Burke JM (1993) Substrate selection rules for the hairpin ribozyme determined by in vitro selection, mutation, and analysis of mismatched substrates. Genes Dev 7:130–138

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Long DM, Uhlenbeck OC (1993) Self-cleaving catalytic RNA. FASEB J 7:25–30

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Noller HF, Hoffarth V, Zimniak L (1992) Unusual resistance of peptidyl transferase to protein extraction procedures. Science 256:1416–1419

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Ojwang JO, Hampel A, Looney DJ, Wong-Staal F, Rappaport J (1992) Inhibition of human immunodeficiency virus type 1 expression by a hairpin ribozyme. Proc Natl Acad Sci USA 89:10802–10806

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Prody GA, Bakos JT, Buzayan JM, Schneider IR, Bruening G (1986) Autolytic processing of dimeric plant virus satellite RNA. Science 231:1577–1580

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Rossi JJ, Sarver N (1992) Catalytic antisense RNA (ribozymes): their potential and use as anti-HIV-1 therapeutic agents. Adv Exp Med Biol 312:95–109

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Rubino L, Tousignant ME, Steger G, Kaper JM (1990) Nucleotide sequence and structural analysis of two satellite RNAs associated with chicory yellow mottle virus. J Gen Virol 71:1897–1903

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Ruffner DE, Uhlenbeck OC (1990) Thiophosphate interference experiments locate phosphates important for the hammerhead RNA self-cleavage reaction. Nucleic Acids Res 18:6025–6029

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Sheldon CC, Symons RH (1993) Is hammerhead self-cleavage involved in the replication of a virusoid in vivo? Virology 194:463–474

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Sheldon CC, Jeffries AC, Davies C, Symons RH (1990) RNA self cleavage of the hammerhead structure. In: Eckstein F, Lilley DMJ (eds) Nucleic Acids and Molecular Biology, vol 4. Springer, Berlin Heidelberg New York, pp 227–242

    Google Scholar 

  • Tuerk C, Gold L (1990) Systematic evolution of ligands by exponential enrichment: RNA ligands to bacteriophage T4 DNA polymerase. Science 249:505–510

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Usman N, Cedergren R (1992) Exploiting the chemical synthesis of RNA. Trends Biochem Sci 17:334–339

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Vinayak R, Anderson P, McCollum C, Hampel A (1992) Chemical synthesis of RNA using fast oligonucleotide deprotection chemistry. Nucleic Acids Res 20:1265–1269

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Yu M, Ojwang J, Yamada O, Hampel A, Rapapport J, Looney D, Wong-Staal F (1993) A hairpin ribozyme inhibits expression of diverse strains of human immunodeficiency virus type 1. Proc. Natl Acad Sci USA 90:6340–6344

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

Download references

Author information

Authors and Affiliations

  1. Department of Microbiology and Molecular Genetics, Markey Center for Molecular Genetics, University of Vermont, Burlington, VT, 05405, USA

    J. M. Burke

Authors
  1. J. M. Burke
    View author publications

    You can also search for this author in PubMed Google Scholar

Editor information

Editors and Affiliations

  1. Max-Planck-Institut für Experimentelle Medizin, Hermann-Rein-Straße 3, 37075, Göttingen, Germany

    Fritz Eckstein

  2. Biochemistry Department, University of Dundee, Dundee, DD1 4HN, UK

    David M. J. Lilley

Rights and permissions

Reprints and permissions

Copyright information

© 1994 Springer-Verlag Berlin Heidelberg

About this chapter

Cite this chapter

Burke, J.M. (1994). The Hairpin Ribozyme. In: Eckstein, F., Lilley, D.M.J. (eds) Nucleic Acids and Molecular Biology. Nucleic Acids and Molecular Biology, vol 8. Springer, Berlin, Heidelberg. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-642-78666-2_5

Download citation

  • DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-642-78666-2_5

  • Publisher Name: Springer, Berlin, Heidelberg

  • Print ISBN: 978-3-642-78668-6

  • Online ISBN: 978-3-642-78666-2

  • eBook Packages: Springer Book Archive

Publish with us

Policies and ethics

Search

Navigation