Abstract
Celery (Apium graveolens) is normally a biennial plant, but can complete its life cycle in a year if subjected to low temperatures. In the vegetative phase (the first year) the plant is composed mostly of petioles and leaves (60 cm in height), with a condensed shoot that does not elongate. The stem elongates during the second year, after vernalization, and the plant grows to 1–2 m in height. The stem terminates in a compound umbellate flower. Two types of celery are grown for commercial use: the green and the golden, self-balancing varieties.
Access this chapter
Tax calculation will be finalised at checkout
Purchases are for personal use only
Preview
Unable to display preview. Download preview PDF.
References
Al-Abta S, Collin HA (1979) Cytokinin changes during embryoid development in celery tissue cultures. New Phytol 82: 29–35
Altman A (1989) Polyamines and plant hormones. In: Bachrach U, Heimer YM (eds) The physiology of polyamines, vol II. CRC Press, Boca Raton, pp 121–145
Altman A, Levin N, Cohen P, Schneider M, Nadel BL (1989) Polyamines in growth and differentiation of plant cell cultures: the effect of nitrogen nutrition, salt stress and embryogenic media. In: Zappia V, Pegg AE (eds) Progress in polyamine research. Plenum Press, New York, pp 559–572
Altman A, Nadel BL, Falash Z, Levin N (1990) Somatic embryogenesis in celery: induction, control and changes in polyamines and proteins. In: Nijkamp HJJ, Van Der Pias LHW, Van Aartrijk J (eds) Progress in plant cellular and molecular biology. Kluwer Academic, Dordecht, pp 454–459
Ammirato PV (1983) Embryogeneis. In: Evans DA, Sharp WR, Yamada Y (eds) Handbook of plant cell culture, vol I. Macmillian New York, pp 82–123
Ammirato PV (1989) Recent progress in somatic embryogenesis. IAPTC News letter, pp 2–16
Ammirato PV, Steward FC (1971) Some effects of the environment on the development of embryos from cultured free cells. Bot Gaz 132: 149–158
Ammirato PV, Styer DJ (1985). Strategies for large-scale manipulation of somatic embryos in suspension culture. In: Zaitlin M, Day P, Hollaender A (eds) Biotechnology in plant science: relevance to agriculture in the eighties. Academic Press, New York pp 161–178
Browers MA, Orton TJ (1982) A factorial study of chromosomal variability in callus cultures of celery (Apium graveolens). Plant Sci Lett 26: 65–73
Browers MA, Orton TJ (1986) Celery (Apium graveolens L). In: Bajaj YPS (ed) Biotechnology in agriculture and forestry 2. Crop I. Springer-Berlin Heidelberg New York, pp 485–519
Chen CH (1976) Vegetative propagation of the celery plant by tissue culture. Proc S Dakota Acad Sci 55: 44–48
Danin M, Upfold SJ, Levin N, Nadel BL, Altman A, Van Staden J (1993) Polyamines and cytokinins in celery embryogenesis cell cultures. Plant Growth Regul 12: 245–254
Ernst D, Oestrehelt D, Schafer W (1984) Endogenous cytokinins during embryogenesis in an anise cell culture (Pimpinella anisum L.). Planta 161: 240–245
Feirer RP, Mignon G, Litvay JD (1984) Arginine decarboxylase and polyamines required for embryogenesis in the wild carrot. Science 223: 1433–1435
Fujimura T, Komamine A (1975) Effects of various growth regulators on the embryogenesis in a carrot cell suspension culture. Plant Sci Lett 5: 359–364
Fujimura T, Komamine A. (1980) Mode of action of 2,4-D and zeatin on somatic embryogenesis in a carrot cell suspension culture. Z Pflanzenphysiol 99:1–8
Halperin W, Wethrell DF (1964) Adventive embryony in tissue cultures of the wild carrot, Daucus carota. Am J Bot 51: 274–283
Heath-Pagliuso S, Rappaport L (1990) Somaclonal variant UC-T3: the expression of Fusarium wilt resistance in progeny arrays of celery,Apium graveolens L. TAG 80: 390–394
Heath-Pagliuso S, Pullman J, Rappaport L (1988) Somaclonal variation in celery: screening for resistance for Fusarium oxysporum f. sp. apii. TAG 75: 446–445
Heath-Pagliuso S, Pullman J, Rappaport L (1989) UC-T3: somaclone: celery germplasm resistant to Fusarium oxysporum f. sp. apii, race 2. Horcience 24: 711–712
Ireland KF, Lacy ML (1987) Greenhouse screening of celery somaclone progeny for resistance to Fusarium oxysporum f. sp. apii race 2. Phytopathology 77:176
Ireland KF, Elmer WH, Lacy ML (1987) Field evaluation of celery germplasm for resistance to Fusarium oxysporum f. sp. apii race 2. Phytopathology. 77: 1712
Jin Ji-yi, Kuo Chung-chen (1988) Studies on artificial seeds of celery. In: Recent advances on studies of applied and fundamental aspects of plant cell engineering. Science Periodical Press, Beijing pp 84–89
Kamada H, Harada H (1981) Changes in the endogenous levels and effects of abscisic acid during somatic embryogenesis of Daucus carota L. Plant Cell Physiol 22: 1423–1429
Kim YH, Janick J (1989) ABA and polyox-encapsulation or high humidity increase survival of desiccated somatic embryos of celery. Hort Science 24: 674–675
Kim YH, Janick J (1991) Abscisic acid and proline improve desiccation tolerance and increases fatty acid content of celery somatic embryos. Plant Cell Tissue Orgn Cult 24: 83–89
Kitto SL, Janick J (1985a) Production of synthetic seeds by encapsulating asexual embryos of carrot. J Am Soc Hortic Sci 110: 277–282
Kitto SL, Janick J (1985b) Hardening treatment increased survival of synthetically coated asexual embryos of carrot. J Am Soc Hortic Sci 110: 283–286
Levin R, Gaba V, Tal B, Hirsch S, Nola D, Vasil IK (1988) Automated plant tissue culture for mass propagation. Bio/Technology 6: 1035–1040
Merrick MMA, Collin HA (1982) Selection for asulam resistance in tissue cultures of celery, Apium graveolens L. var. dulce cv. New Dwarf White. Plant Sci Lett 20: 291–296
Metcalf EC, Collin HE (1978) The effect of simazine on the growth and respiration of a cell suspension culture of celery. New Phytol 81:243–248
Montague MJ, Koppenbrink JW, Jaworski EG (1978) Polyamine metbolism in embryogenic cells of Daucus carota. I. Changes in intracellular content and rates of synthesis. Plant Physiol 62: 430–433
Murashige T, Skoog F (1962) A revised medium for rapid growth and bioassays with tobacco tissue cultures. Physiol Plant 15: 473–497
Murata M, Orton TJ (1983) Chromosome structural changes in cultured celery cells. In Vitro 19:83–89
Nadel BL, Altman A, Ziv M (1989) Regulation of somatic embryogenesis in celery cell suspensions. I. Establishment of embryogenic cultures and the beneficial effect of mannitol. Plant Cell Tissue Organ Cult 18: 181–189
Nadel BL, Altman A, Ziv M (1990a) Regulation of somatic embryogenesis in celery cell suspensions. II. Early detection of embryogenic potential and the induction of synchronous cell cultures. Plant Cell Tissue Organ Cult 20: 119–124
Nadel BL, Altman A, Ziv M (1990b) Cold storage and efficient conversion of somatic celery embryo into transplantable plants. Sci Hortic 44: 9–16
Nadel BL, Altman A, Ziv M (1990c) Regulation of large scale embryogenesis in celery. Acta Hortic 280: 75–82
Nomura K, Komamine A (1985) Identification and isolation of single cells that produce somatic embryos at a high frequency in a carrot suspension culture. Plant Physiol 79: 988–991
Orton TJ (1983) Spontaneous electrophoretic and chromosomal variability in callus cultures and regenerated plants of celery. Theor Appl. Genet 67: 17–24
Orton TJ (1984) Celery. In Sharp WR, Evans DA, Ammirato PV, Yamada Y (eds) Handbook of plant cell culture, vol 2. Macmillan, New York, pp 243–247
Rajasekaran K, Hein MG, Davies GC, Carnes MG, Vasil IK (1987) Endogenous growth regulators in leaves and tissue cultures of Pennisetum purpeurem Schum. J Plant Physiol 130: 13–25
Rappaport L, Heath-Pagliuso S (1987) Cloning celery for plant propagation. Annu Rep California Celery Growers Assoc, Binuba, CA, pp 19–22
Reinert J, Backs D, Krosing M (1966) Faktoren der Embryogenese in Gewebekulturen aus Kutuformern von Umbelliferen. Planta 68: 375–378
Rowe WJ (1986) New technologies in plant tissue culture. In Zimmerman RH, Hughes KW, Constantin MJ, Hollaender A (eds) Tissue culture as a plant production system for horticultural crops. Martinus Nijhoff, Dordrecht
Saranga Y, Rhodes D, Janick J (1992a) Changes in amino acid composition associated with desiccation tolerance of celery somatic embryos J Am Soc Hortic Sci 117: 337–341
Saranga Y, Kim YH, Janick J (1992b) Changes in desiccation tolerance and metabolities of celery somatic embryos induced by reduced osmotic potential. J Am. Soc Hortic Sci 117: 342–345
USDA (1991) USDS, Agricultural statistics 1991, p 151
Van Staden J, Upfold SJ, Altman A, Nadel BL (1992) Metabolism of benzyladenine in embryogenic cell cultures of celery. J Plant Physiol 140: 446–469
Vasil V, Vasil IK (1982) Characterization of an embryogenic cells suspension culture derived from cultured inflorescence of Pennisetum americanum (pearl millet, Gramineae). Am J Bot 69: 1441–1449
Wenck AR, Conger BV, Trigiano RN, Samms CE (1988) Inhibition of somatic embryogenesis in orchardgrass by endogenous cytokinins. Plant Physiol 88: 990–992
Williams L, Collin HA (1976a) Embryogenesis and plantlet formation in tissue cultures of celery. Ann Bot 40: 325–332
Williams L, Collin HA, (1976b) Growth and cytology of celery plants derived from tissue culture. Ann Bot 40: 333–338
Wright JC, Lacy ML (1988) Increase of disease resistance in celery cultivars by regeneration of whole plants from cell suspension cultures. Plant Dis 72: 256–259
Zee SY, Wu SC (1979) Embryogenesis in the petiole explant of Chinese celery Z Pfanzenphysiol 93: 325–436
Zee SY, Wu SC (1980) Somatic embryogenesis in leaf explants in Chinese celery. Aust J Bot 28: 429–436
Author information
Authors and Affiliations
Editor information
Editors and Affiliations
Rights and permissions
Copyright information
© 1995 Springer-Verlag Berlin Heidelberg
About this chapter
Cite this chapter
Nadel, B.L., Altman, A., Ziv, M. (1995). Somatic Embryogenesis and Synthetic Seed in Apium graveolens (Celery). In: Bajaj, Y.P.S. (eds) Somatic Embryogenesis and Synthetic Seed II. Biotechnology in Agriculture and Forestry, vol 31. Springer, Berlin, Heidelberg. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-642-78643-3_25
Download citation
DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-642-78643-3_25
Publisher Name: Springer, Berlin, Heidelberg
Print ISBN: 978-3-642-78645-7
Online ISBN: 978-3-642-78643-3
eBook Packages: Springer Book Archive