Skip to main content

Left Ventricular Function: Systolic and Diastolic Alterations

  • Chapter
Coronary Artery Graft Disease

Abstract

Assessment of the effect of coronary artery bypass surgery on left ventricular performance must consider a variety of factors. These include patient selection, extent of revascularization, intraoperative myocardial preservation techniques, perioperative infarction, graft patency, runoff of the peripheral vascular bed, ventricular loading conditions, and drug therapy. The timing of the evaluation is important because left ventricular function changes rapidly throughout the early postoperative recovery period, and during the first 3 months after surgery the heart remains under enhanced chronotopic and inotropic stimulation by excess circulation of catecholamines [1]. It is only thereafter that a more “intrinsic” left ventricular function reflecting the overall result of surgery can be determined.

This is a preview of subscription content, log in via an institution to check access.

Access this chapter

Chapter
USD 29.95
Price excludes VAT (USA)
  • Available as PDF
  • Read on any device
  • Instant download
  • Own it forever
eBook
USD 84.99
Price excludes VAT (USA)
  • Available as EPUB and PDF
  • Read on any device
  • Instant download
  • Own it forever
Softcover Book
USD 109.99
Price excludes VAT (USA)
  • Compact, lightweight edition
  • Dispatched in 3 to 5 business days
  • Free shipping worldwide - see info

Tax calculation will be finalised at checkout

Purchases are for personal use only

Institutional subscriptions

Preview

Unable to display preview. Download preview PDF.

Unable to display preview. Download preview PDF.

References

  1. Boudoulas H, Lewis RP, Vasko JS, Karayannacos PE, Beaver BM (1976) Left ventricular function and adrenergic hyperactivity before and after saphenous vein bypass. Circulation 53: 802–806.

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  2. Braunwald E, Kloner RA (1982) The stunned myocardium: prolonged, postischemic ventricular dysfunction. Circulation 66: 1146–1149.

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  3. Braunwald E (1991) Stunning of the myocardium. Cardiovasc Drugs Ther 5: 849–852.

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  4. Roberts AJ, Spies SM, Sanders JH, Moran JM, Wilkinson CJ, Lichtenthal PR, White RL, Michaelis LL (1981) Serial assessment of left ventricular performance following coronary artery bypass grafting. J Thorac Cardiovasc Surg 81: 69–84.

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  5. Righetti A, Crawford MH, O’Rourke RA, Schelbert H, Daily PO, Ross J Jr (1977) Interventricular septal motion and left ventricular function after coronary bypass surgery. Am J Cardiol 39: 372–377.

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  6. Breisblatt WM, Stein KL, Wolfe CJ, Follansbee WP, Capozzi J, Armitage JM, Hardesty RL (1990) Acute myocardial dysfunction and recovery: a common occurrence after coronary bypass surgery. J Am Coll Cardiol 15: 1261–1269.

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  7. Ballantyne CM, Verani MS, Short HD, Hyatt C, Noon GP (1987) Delayed recovery of severely “stunned” myocardium with the support of a left ventricular assist device after coronary artery bypass graft surgery. J Am Coll Cardiol 10: 710–712.

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  8. Kent KM, Borer JS, Green MV, Bacharach SL, McIntosh CL, Conkle DM, Epstein SE (1978) Effects of coronary artery bypass on global and regional left ventricular function during exercise. N Engl J Med 298: 1434–1439.

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  9. Dilsizian V, Bonow RO, Cannon RO III, Tracy CM, Vitale DF, Mclntosh CL, Clark RE, Bacharach SL, Green MV (1988) The effect of coronary artery bypass grafting on left ventricular systolic function at rest: evidence for preoperative subclinical myocardial ischemia. Am J Cardiol 61: 1248–1254.

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  10. Hammermeister KE, Kennedy JW, Hamilton GW, Stewart DK, Gould KL, Lipscomb K, Murray JA (1974) Aortocoronary saphenous-vein bypass. Failure of successful grafting to improve resting left ventricular function in chronic angina. N Engl J Med 290: 186–192.

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  11. Apstein CS, Kline SA, Levin DC, Baltaxe HA, Killip T (1977) Left ventricular performance and graft patency after coronary artery-saphenous vein bypass surgery: early and late follow-up. Am Heart J 93: 547–555.

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  12. Wolf NM, Kreulen TH, Bove AA, McDonough MT, Kessler KM, Strong M, LeMole G, Spann JF (1978) Left ventricular function following coronary bypass surgery. Circulation 58: 63–70.

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  13. Hellman CK, Kamath ML, Schmidt DH, Anholm J, Blau F, Johnson WD (1980) Improvement in left ventricular function after myocardial revascularization. J Thorac Cardiovasc Surg 79: 645–655.

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  14. Lim YL, Kalff V, Kelly MJ, Mason PJ, Currie PJ, Harper RW, Anderson ST, Federman J, Stirling GR, Pitt A (1982) Radionuclide angiographic assessment of global and segmental left ventricular function at rest and during exercise after coronary artery bypass surgery. Circulation 66: 972–979.

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  15. Kronenberg MW, Pederson RW, Harston WE, Born ML, Bender HW Jr, Friesinger GC (1983) Left ventricular performance after coronary artery bypass surgery. Prediction of functional benefit. Ann Intern Med 99: 305–313.

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  16. Melandri G, Maresta A, Contrafatto I, Tartagni F, Magnani B (1987) Effects of coronary artery revascularization and perioperative myocardial infarction on left ventricular wall motion. Int J Cardiol 15: 47–54.

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  17. Freeman MR, Gray RJ, Berman DS, Maddahi J, Raymond MJ, Forrester JS, Matloff JM (1981) Improvement in global and segmental left ventricular function after coronary bypass surgery. Circulation 64[Suppl II]: 34–39.

    Google Scholar 

  18. Taylor NC, Barber RW, Grassland P, English TA, Wraight EP, Petch MC (1983) Effects of coronary artery bypass grafting on left ventricular function assessed by multiple gated ventricular scintigraphy. Br Heart J 50: 149–156.

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  19. Rees G, Bristow JD, Kremkau EL, Green GS, Herr RH, Griswold HE, Starr A (1971) Influence of aortocoronary bypass surgery on left ventricular performance. N Engl J Med 284: 1116–1120.

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  20. Arbogast R, Solignac A, Bourassa MG (1973) Influence of aortocoronary saphenous vein bypass surgery on left ventricular volumes and ejection fraction. Am J Med 54: 290–296.

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  21. Chatterjee K, Swan HJC, Parmley WW, Sustaita H, Marcus HS, Matloff J (1973) Influence of direct myocardial revascularization on left ventricular asynergy and function in patients with coronary heart disease. Circulation 47: 276–286.

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  22. Bolooki H, Mallon S, Ghahramani A, Sommer E, Vargas A, Slavin D, Kaiser GA (1973) Objective assessment of the effects of aorto-coronary bypass operation on cardiac function. J Thorac Cardiovasc Surg 66: 916–933.

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  23. Hamby RI, Tabrah F, Aintablian A, Hartstein ML, Wisoff BG (1974) Left ventricular hemodynamics and contractile pattern after aortocoronary bypass surgery. Am Heart J 88: 149–159.

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  24. Shepherd RL, Itscoitz SB, Glancy DL, Stinson EB, Reis RL, Olinger GN, Clark CE, Epstein SE (1974) Deterioration of myocardial function following aortocoronary bypass operation. Circulation 49: 467–475.

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  25. Chatterjee K, Matloff JM, Swan HJC, Ganz W, Kaushik VS, Magnusson P, Henis MM, Forrester JS (1975) Abnormal regional metabolism and mechanical function in patients with ischemic heart disease: improvement after successful regional revascularization by aortocoronary bypass. Circulation 52: 390–399.

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  26. Chesebro JH, Ritman EL, Frye RL, Smith HC, Connolly DC, Rutherford BD, Davis GD, Danielson GK, Pluth JR, Barnhorst DA, Wallace RB (1976) Videometric analysis of regional left ventricular function before and after aortocoronary artery bypass surgery: correlation of peak rate of myocardial wall thickening with late postoperative graft flows. J Clin Invest 58: 1339–1347.

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  27. Zir LM, Dinsmore R, Vexeridis M, Singh JB, Harthorne JW, Daggett WM (1979) Effects of coronary bypass grafting on resting left ventricular contraction in patients studies 1 to 2 years after operation. Am J Cardiol 44: 601–606.

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  28. Bussmann WD, Mayer V, Kober G, Kaltenbach M (1979) Ventricular function at rest, during leg raising and physical exercise before and after aortocoronary bypass surgery. Am J Cardiol 43: 488–493.

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  29. Hirzel HO, Wegmüller R, Grimm J, Krayenbuehl HP (1982) Die Funktion des linken Ventrikels bei Patienten mit koronarer Herzkrankheit vor und nach aorto-koronarer Bypass-Operation in Ruhe und unter fahrradergometrischer Belastung. Herz 7: 63–75.

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  30. Carroll JD, Hess OM, Hirzel HO, Turina M, Krayenbuehl HP (1985) Left ventricular systolic and diastolic function in coronary artery disease: effects of revascularization on exercise-induced ischemia. Circulation 72: 119–129.

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  31. Gibson DG, Greenbaum RA, Pridie RB, Yacoub MH (1988) Correction of left ventricular asynchrony by coronary artery surgery. Br Heart J 59: 304–308.

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  32. Braunwald E, Rutherford JD (1986) Reversible ischemic left ventricular dysfunction: evidence for the “hibernating myocardium.” J Am Coll Cardiol 8: 1467–1470.

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  33. Barry WH, Pfeifer JF, Lipton MJ, Tilkian AG, Hultgren HN (1976) Effects of coronary artery bypass grafting on resting and exercise hemodynamics in patients with stable angina pectoris: a prospective randomized study. Am J Cardiol 37: 823–829.

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  34. Bourassa MG, Lespérance J, Campeau L, Saltiel J (1972) Fate of left ventricular contraction following aortocoronary venous grafts. Early and late postoperative modifications. Circulation 46: 724–730.

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  35. Brundage BH, Massie BM, Botvinick EH (1984) Improved regional ventricular function after successful surgical revascularization. J Am Coll Cardiol 3: 902–908.

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  36. Popio KA, Gorlin R, Bechtel D, Levine JA (1977) Postextrasystolic potentiation as a predictor of potential myocardial viability: preoperative analyses compared with studies after coronary bypass surgery. Am J Cardiol 39: 944–953.

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  37. Cooper MW, Lutherer LO, Stanton MW, Lust RM Jr (1986) Postextrasystolic potentiation: Regional wall motion before and after revascularization. Am Heart J 111: 334–339.

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  38. Helfant RH, Pine R, Meister SG, Feldman MS, Trout RG, Banka VS (1974) Nitroglycerin to unmask reversible asynergy: correlations with post coronary bypass ventriculography. Circulation 50: 108–113.

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  39. Chesebro JH, Ritman EL, Frye RL, Smith HC, Rutherford BD, Fulton RE, Pluth JR, Barnhorst DA (1978) Regional myocardial wall thickening response to nitroglycerin. A predictor of myocardial response to aortocoronary bypass surgery. J Clin Invest 57: 952–957.

    CAS  Google Scholar 

  40. Kolibash AJ, Goodenow JS, Bush CA, Tetalman MR, Lewis RP (1979) Improvement of myocardial perfusion and left ventricular function after coronary artery bypass grafting in patients with unstable angina. Circulation 59: 66–74.

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  41. Rutherford BD, Gau GT, Danielson GK, Pluth JR, Davis GD, Wallace RB, Frye RL (1972) Left ventricular haemodynamics before and soon after saphenous vein bypass graft operation for angina pectoris. Br Heart J 34: 1156–1162.

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  42. Campeau L, Elias G, Esplugas E, Lespérance J, Bourassa MG, Grondin CM (1974) Left ventricular performance during exercise before and one year after aortocoronary bypass surgery for angina pectoris. Circulation 50[Suppl II]: 103–110.

    Google Scholar 

  43. Vliestra RE, Chesebro JH, Frye RL, Wallace RB (1981) Improvement of left ventricular exercise hemodynamic function after aorto-coronary artery bypass grafting. J Thorac Cardiovasc Surg 81: 85–91.

    Google Scholar 

  44. Chesebro JH, Ritman EL, Frye RL, Smith HC, Vliestra RE, Pluth JR (1982) Left ventricular performance before and after aortocoronary bypass surgery. Circulation 65[Suppl II]: 98–105.

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  45. Brutsaert DL, Rademakers FE, Sys SU (1984) Triple control of relaxation: implications in cardiac disease. Circulation 69: 190–196.

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  46. Carroll JD, Hess OM, Hirzel HO, Krayenbuehl HP (1983) Dynamics of left ventricular filling at rest and during exercise. Circulation 68: 59–67.

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  47. Lawson WE, Seifert F, Anagnostopoulos C, Hills DJ, Swinford RD, Cohn PF (1988) Effect of coronary artery bypass grafting on left ventricular diastolic function. Am J Cardiol 61: 283–287.

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  48. Hess OM, Schneider J, Nonogi H, Carroll JD, Schneider K, Turina M, Krayenbuehl HP (1988) Myocardial structure in patients with exercise-induced ischemia. Circulation 77: 967–977.

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  49. Myers WO, Davis K, Foster ED, Maynard C, Kaiser GC (1985) Surgical survival in the Coronary Artery Surgery Study (CASS) registry. Ann Thorac Surg 40: 245–260.

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  50. Egloff L, Studer M, Rothlin M, Hess OM, Turina M, Senning Å (1984) Koronare Reoperation — ja oder nein? Schweiz Med Wochenschr 114: 1123–1126.

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  51. Levine JA, Bechtel DJ, Cohn PF, Herman MV, Gorlin R, Cohn LH, Collins JJ Jr (1975) Ventricular function before and after direct revascularization surgery. Circulation 51: 1071–1078.

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

Download references

Authors

Editor information

Editors and Affiliations

Rights and permissions

Reprints and permissions

Copyright information

© 1994 Springer-Verlag Berlin Heidelberg

About this chapter

Cite this chapter

Krayenbuehl, H.P., Jakob, M., Hess, O.M. (1994). Left Ventricular Function: Systolic and Diastolic Alterations. In: Lüscher, T.F., Turina, M., Braunwald, E. (eds) Coronary Artery Graft Disease. Springer, Berlin, Heidelberg. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-642-78637-2_11

Download citation

  • DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-642-78637-2_11

  • Publisher Name: Springer, Berlin, Heidelberg

  • Print ISBN: 978-3-642-78639-6

  • Online ISBN: 978-3-642-78637-2

  • eBook Packages: Springer Book Archive

Publish with us

Policies and ethics