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Contemporary Research on Renal Cell Carcinoma pp 132–140Cite as

Therapeutic Applications of Monoclonal Antibodies in Combination with Cytokines in Renal Cell Carcinoma

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Abstract

Various murine monoclonal antibodies (mAbs) have been used as “naked” antibodies — not conjugated to radionuclides or toxins — in clinical trials among cancer patients. Although a few complete responses have been observed [1, 2], in general the response rates are low and antitumor effects of short duration. For optimal antitumor activity, mAbs must meet various criteria. First of all, mAbs used for immunotherapy should be specific for antigens present on tumor tissue, preferably with little or no cross-reactivity with normal tissue. For optimal antibody uptake, the tumor must be vascular [3]. The blood supply in large tumors is often deficient, leading to central necrosis and poor uptake of mAb [4]. Apart from these parameters, the size of the mAb-derived immunoreactive component influences the localization pattern in tumor versus normal tissue. Intact IgG has a half-life in patients of approximately 24–72 h, F(ab′)2 one of 10–24 h, and Fab′ fragments one of only 1.5–5 h depending on the mAb used [5, 6]. Compared with antibody fragments, intact IgG shows a higher percentage of the injected dose per gram tumor (%ID/g), most probably due to faster clearance from blood of antibody fragments and in the case of Fab′ of reduced affinity [7]. On the other hand, again due to the more rapid clearance from blood, resulting in lower background levels, F(ab′)2 and Fab′ fragments have better tumor to blood ratios and therefore show improved tumor imaging [7].

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Author information

Authors and Affiliations

  1. Department of Urology, University Hospital Nijmegen, Geert Grooteplain 16, NL-65000, HB Nijmegen, The Netherlands

    J. van Dijk, A. J. M. C. Beniers, J. A. Schalken, G. J. Fleuren & S. O. Warnaar

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  1. J. van Dijk
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  2. A. J. M. C. Beniers
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  3. J. A. Schalken
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  4. G. J. Fleuren
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  5. S. O. Warnaar
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  1. Abteilung Urologie und Poliklinik, Chirurgische Universitätsklinik, Im Neuenheimer Feld 110, D-69120, Heidelberg, Germany

    Gerd Staehler  & Sigmund Pomer  & 

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© 1994 Springer-Verlag Berlin Heidelberg

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van Dijk, J., Beniers, A.J.M.C., Schalken, J.A., Fleuren, G.J., Warnaar, S.O. (1994). Therapeutic Applications of Monoclonal Antibodies in Combination with Cytokines in Renal Cell Carcinoma. In: Staehler, G., Pomer, S. (eds) Contemporary Research on Renal Cell Carcinoma. Springer, Berlin, Heidelberg. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-642-78609-9_16

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  • DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-642-78609-9_16

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