Abstract
In northern maritime areas, with high winter precipitation and unstable winter temperatures fluctuating around zero, thaw water and precipitation freeze to form an ice layer covering the ground, which is highly impermeable to gases. In this chapter the literature on the impact of ice encasement on the metabolism and cellular structure of herbaceous plants is reviewed. Plants encased in ice become anaerobic and accumulate metabolites such as carbon dioxide, ethanol, lactate and malate. These substances are potentially injurious to ice encased plants, especially the plasma membrane. The primary site of injury is the ion transport system, while the semipermeable properties of the lipid bilayer are also damaged at higher stress levels.
Access this chapter
Tax calculation will be finalised at checkout
Purchases are for personal use only
Preview
Unable to display preview. Download preview PDF.
References
Andersen IL (1963) Investigation on the wintering of meadow plants in Northern Norway II. Some investigations on damages caused by ice and water choking on meadows (Overvintringsundersökelser i eng i Nord-Norge. II. Noen undersokelser over is- og vannskader i eng). Forskning og forsok i landbruket 14: 639–669
Andersen IL (1971) Experiments on winter damages on different grass species (Overvintringsforsok med ulike grasarter). Forskning og forsok i landbruket 22: 121–134
Andersen IL (1976) Winter damages on grasslands (Overvintringsskader p5 eng). Aktuelt fra Landbruksdepartementets opplysningstjeneste Nr. 2 1976: 118–126
Andrews CJ (1977) Accumulation of ethanol in ice-encased winter cereals. Crop Science 17: 157–161
Andrews CJ, Pomeroy MK (1975) Survival and cold hardiness of winter wheats during partial and total ice immersion. Crop Science 15: 561–566
Andrews CJ, Pomeroy MK (1977a) Mitochondrial activity and ethanol accumulation in ice-encased winter cereal seedlings. Plant Physiology 59:1174–1178
Andrews CJ, Pomeroy MK (1977b) The effect of anaerobic metabolites on survival and ultrastructure of winter wheat in relation to ice encasement. Plant Physiology 61 Supplement 17
Andrews CJ, Pomeroy MK (1979) Toxicity of anaerobic metabolites accumulating in winter wheat seedlings during ice encasement. Plant Physiology 64: 120–125
Andrews CJ, Pomeroy MK (1983) The influence of flooding pre-treatment on metabolic changes in winter cereal seedlings during ice encasement. Canadian Journal of Botany 61: 142–147
Andrews CJ, Pomeroy MK (1989a) Ice-encasement injury at the cellular and membrane level. Icelandic Agricultural Sciences 2: 57–61
Andrews CJ, Pomeroy MK (1989b) Metabolic acclimation to hypoxia in winter cereals. Low temperature flooding increases adenylates and survival in ice encasement. Plant Physiology 91: 1063–1068
Andrews CJ, Pomeroy MK (1990) Low temperature anaerobiosis in ice encasement damage to winter cereals. In: Jackson MB, Davies DD, Lambers H (eds) Plant life under oxygen deprivation. SPS Academic Publishing, The Hague, The Netherlands, pp 85–99
Andrews CJ, Pomeroy MK, Seaman WL (1986) The response of fall-sown cereals to winter stress in eastern Ontario. Canadian Journal of Plant Science 66: 25–37
Andrews CJ, Seaman WL, Pomeroy MK (1984) Changes in cold hardiness, ice tolerance and total carbohydrates of winter wheat under various cutting regimes. Canadian Journal of Plant Science 64: 547–558
Arsvoll K (1973) Winter damage in Norwegian grasslands, 1968–1971. Meldinger fra Norges landbrukshogskole 52, pp 21
Beard JB (1964) Effects of ice, snow and water covers on Kentucky bluegrass, annual bluegrass and creeping bentgrass. Crop Science 4: 638–640
Brink RA, Keller W, Eisenhart C (1939) Differential survival of alfalfa strains under an ice sheet. Journal of Agricultural Research 59: 59–71
Crawford RMM (1978) Metabolic adaptation to anoxia. In: Hook DD, Crawford RMM (eds) Plant life in anaerobic environments. Ann Arbor Science, Ann Arbor, USA, pp 119–136
Freyman S, Brink VC (1967) Nature of ice-sheet injury to alfalfa. Agronomy Journal 59: 557–560
Fridriksson S, (1954) Investigations on winter injury of plants in Icelandic hayfields 1951–1952 (Rannsóknir á kali túna árin 1951 og 1952). Department of Agriculture, Report Series B No 7, 72 pp
Gao J-Y, Andrews CJ, Pomeroy MK (1983) Interactions among flooding, freezing, and ice encasement in winter wheat. Plant Physiology 72: 303–307
Gudleifsson BE (1971) Winter damages on grasslands in Iceland, extent and causes (Overvintringsskadar i grasmark på Island, omfang og årsaker). Lisensia- toppgave, Norges landbrukshogskole, pp 130
Gudleifsson BE (1975) Winter damages in grasslands (Over vintringsskadar i grasmark). Nordisk Jordbruksforskning 58: 498–504
Gudleifsson BE (1977) Ice encasement damages and smell from damaged fields (Svellkal og kallykt). Ársrit Raektunarfélags Norourlands 74: 70–76
Gudleifsson BE (1979) Descriptions of grass diseases No 11. Ice and water damage. Weibulls Gräs-tips 22
Gudleifsson BE (1986) Ice encasement damages on grasses and winter cereals. NJF seminar Nr. 84 Lantbruksväxternas övervintring 59–65
Gudleifsson BE (1989) Extent and importance of ice-encasement damages on graminaceous plants in the Nordic countries. Icelandic Agricultural Sciences 2: 7–14
Gudleifsson BE, Andrews CJ, Björnsson H (1986) Cold hardiness and ice tolerance of pasture grasses grown and tested in controlled environments. Canadian Journal of Plant Science 66: 601–608
Gudleifsson BE, Larsen A (1992). Ice encasement as a component of winterkill of herbage plants. In: Li PH, Christersson L (eds) Advances in plant cold hardiness. CRC Press, Boca Raton, Ann Arbor, London, Tokyo, pp 229–249
Hakamata T, Noshiro M, Hirashima T, Nose I (1978) Investigation of actual condition on the winter killing of pasture species in the Nemuro-Kushiro district — Exploration of factors by the quantification No 1. Journal of Japanese Grassland Science 23: 280–288
Hemmingsen E (1959) Permeation of gases through ice. Tellus 11: 355–359
Hetherington PR, McKersie BD, Borochov A (1987) Ice encasement injury to microsomal membranes from winter wheat crowns. I. Comparison of membrane properties after lethal ice encasement and during a post-thaw period. Plant Physiology 85: 1068–1072
Hetherington PR, Broughton HL, McKersie BD (1988) Ice-encasement injury to microsomal membranes isolated from winter wheat crowns. II. Changes in membrane lipids during ice encasement. Plant Physiology 86: 740–743
Jónsson Ó (1938) Kal. Arsrit Raektunarfelags Nor5urlands 34: 19–47
Levitt J (1980) Responses of plants to environmental stresses. I. Chilling, freezing, and high temperature stresses. Academic Press, New York, pp 497
McKersie BD, McDermott BM, Hunt LA, Poysa V (1982) Changes in carbohydrate levels during ice encasement and flooding of winter cereals. Canadian Journal of Botany 60: 1822–1826
Palta JP, Levitt J, Stadelmann EJ (1978) Plant viability assay. Cryobiology 15: 249–255
Pomeroy MK, Andrews CJ (1978a) Metabolic and ultrastructural changes in winter wheat during ice encasement under field conditions. Plant Physiology 61: 806–811
Pomeroy MK, Andrews CJ (1978b) Ultrastructural changes in shoot apex cells of winter wheat seedlings during ice encasement. Canadian Journal of Botany 56: 786–794
Pomeroy MK, Andrews CJ (1979) Metabolic and ultrastructural changes associated with flooding at low temperature in winter wheat and barley. Plant Physiology 64: 635–639
Pomeroy MK, Andrews CJ (1983a) Flooding and ice encasement damage to winter wheat. In: Fowler DB, Gusta LV, Slinkard AE, Hobin BA (eds) New frontiers in winter wheat production. Western Canada Winter Wheat Conference 1983, pp 39–56
Pomeroy MK, Andrews CJ (1983b) Responses of winter cereals to various low temperature stresses. In: Randall DD, Blewins DG, Larson RL, Rapp BJ (eds) Current topics in plant biochemistry and physiology, Vol 2. University of Missouri, Columbia, USA, pp 96–106
Pomeroy MK, Andrews CJ (1985) Effect of low temperature and calcium on survival and membrane properties of isolated winter wheat cells. Plant Physiology 78: 484–488
Pomeroy MK, Andrews CJ (1986) Changes in adenine nucleotides and energy charge in isolated winter wheat cells during low temperature stress. Plant Physiology 81: 361–366
Pomeroy MK, Pihakaski SJ, Andrews CJ (1983) Membrane properties of isolated winter wheat cells in relation to icing stress. Plant Physiology 72: 535–539
Rakitina ZG (1965) The permeability of ice for O2 and CO2 in connection with a study of the reasons for winter cereal mortality under the ice crust. Soviet Plant Physiology 12: 795–803
Rakitina ZG (1970) Effect of an ice crust on gas composition of the internal atmosphere in winter wheat. Soviet Plant Physiology 17: 755–759
Singh J, Andrews CJ (1981) Comparisons of ultrastructural changes during extracellular freezing at -10 °C and ice-encasement at -1 °C in winter wheat crown cells by the method of freeze-fixation. Cryo-Letters 2: 117–124
Sprague VG, Graber LF (1940) Physiological factors operative in ice-sheet injury of alfalfa. Plant Physiology 15: 661–673
Sprague MA, Graber LF (1943) Ice sheet injury to alfalfa. Journal of American Society of Agronomy 35: 881–894
Steponkus PL (1984) Role of the plasma membrane in freezing injury and cold acclimation. Annual Review of Plant Physiology 35: 543–584
Tanino KK, McKersie BD (1985) Injury within the crown of winter wheat seedlings after freezing and icing stress. Canadian Journal of Botany 63: 432–436
Woehrle T (1963) Ice sheet damage. The golf course reporter 31: 22–24
Zemlianukhin AA, Ivanov BF (1978) Metabolism of organic acids of plants in the condition of hypoxia. In: Hook DD, Crawford RMM (eds) Plant life in anaerobic environments. Ann Arbor Science, Ann Arbor, USA, pp 203–268
Author information
Authors and Affiliations
Editor information
Editors and Affiliations
Rights and permissions
Copyright information
© 1993 Springer-Verlag Berlin Heidelberg
About this paper
Cite this paper
Gudleifsson, B.E. (1993). Metabolic and Cellular Impact of Ice Encasement on Herbage Plants. In: Jackson, M.B., Black, C.R. (eds) Interacting Stresses on Plants in a Changing Climate. NATO ASI Series, vol 16. Springer, Berlin, Heidelberg. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-642-78533-7_26
Download citation
DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-642-78533-7_26
Publisher Name: Springer, Berlin, Heidelberg
Print ISBN: 978-3-642-78535-1
Online ISBN: 978-3-642-78533-7
eBook Packages: Springer Book Archive