Zusammenfassung
CPAP, SIMV und Druckunterstützung werden unter dem Begriff „Spontanatmungsverfahren“ subsumiert. Diese Spontanatmungsverfahren werden eingesetzt, wenn eine kontrollierte Beatmung nicht notwendig, eine ausreichende (Spontan-)Atmung aber nicht möglich ist. Die Hauptziele der Beatmung, Ventilation und Oxygenierung, lassen sich bei wachen oder gar kooperativen Patienten auch erreichen, wenn man ihnen die Kontrolle über den Beginn und eventuell auch das Ende der Inspiration überläßt. Atemzugvolumen und Atemfrequenz des Patienten sind durch eine geeignete Geräteeinstellung noch manipulierbar, wenn auch nicht so willkürlich wie unter kontrollierter Beatmung. Man unterscheidet Spontanatmungsverfahren zur gezielten Verbesserung der Oxygenierung (CPAP, „continuous positive airway pressure“), der Ventilation (DU, Druckunterstützung) und eine Mischform aus Atmung und Beatmung (SIMV, „synchronized intermittent mandatory ventilation“). Da SIMV und DU insbesondere die Ventilation, d. h. die Tätigkeit der Inspirationsmuskulatur unterstützen, werden sie auch als äugmentierende Beatmungsverfahren bezeichnet.
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Mang, H. (1995). Wie wirken CPAP, SIMV und Druckunterstützung auf Atemmechanik und Gasaustausch?. In: Rügheimer, E. (eds) Respiratorische Therapie nach operativen Eingriffen. Springer, Berlin, Heidelberg. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-642-78399-9_18
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DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-642-78399-9_18
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