Skip to main content
SpringerLink
Log in

Local Anaesthetics and Pain Management

  • Conference paper
Advances in Pain Therapy II

Abstract

Local anaesthetics have been in use in various forms for over 100 years [1–10]. Over the last two decades, there has been a significant growth in the use of local anaesthetics to produce neural blockade for surgical procedures ranging from superficial plastic surgery to major upper abdominal and thoracic surgery. This growth has included the use of “adjunctive” regional anaesthesia for procedures carried out under general anaesthesia, with the aim of reducing the requirements for general anaesthetic agents, but also in order to permit a pain free emergence from anaesthesia. Quite recently it has become apparent that this practice has implications for the prevention of persistent post surgical pain. In other forms of acute pain such as obstetrical, post traumatic and burns, use of local anaesthetic techniques continues to grow and plays a key role.

This is a preview of subscription content, log in via an institution to check access.

Access this chapter

Log in via an institution
Chapter
USD 29.95
Price excludes VAT (USA)
  • Available as PDF
  • Read on any device
  • Instant download
  • Own it forever
eBook
USD 84.99
Price excludes VAT (USA)
  • Available as PDF
  • Read on any device
  • Instant download
  • Own it forever
Softcover Book
USD 109.99
Price excludes VAT (USA)
  • Compact, lightweight edition
  • Dispatched in 3 to 5 business days
  • Free shipping worldwide - see info

Tax calculation will be finalised at checkout

Purchases are for personal use only

Institutional subscriptions

Preview

Unable to display preview. Download preview PDF.

Unable to display preview. Download preview PDF.

References

  1. Koller C (1884) On the use of cocaine for producing anaesthesia on the eye. Lancet 2: 990–992

    Article  Google Scholar 

  2. von Anrep B (1879) Ober die physiologische Wirkung des Cocain. Pfluger’s Arch. F. D. Ges. Physiologie 21: 38–77

    Article  Google Scholar 

  3. Kohn J, Rutter AG, Vitali M (1954) Prolonged local analgesia with benzocaineurethane solution. Br Med J 1: 682–684

    Article  Google Scholar 

  4. Colquhoun D, Ritchie JM (1972) The interaction at equilibrium between tetrodotoxin and mammalian non-myelinated nerve fibres. J Physiol 221: 533–553

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  5. Colquhoun D, Ritchie JM (1972) The kinetics of the interaction between tetrodotoxin and mammalian non-myelinated nerve fibres. Mol Pharmacol 8: 285–292

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  6. Rowland M (1974) Local anaesthetic absorption, distribution and climination. Anaesthetic uptake and action. Williams and Wilkins, Baltimore, pp 332–360

    Google Scholar 

  7. Catchlove RFH (1972) The influence of C02 and pH on local anaesthetic action. J Pharmacol Exp Ther 181: 298–309

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  8. Appleyard TN, Witt A, Atkinson RE, Nicholas RDG (1974) Bupivacaine carbonate and bupivacaine hydrochloride: A comparison of blood concentrations during epidural blockade for vaginal surgery. B J Anaesth 46: 530–533

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  9. Bromage PR, Burfoot ME, Crowell DE, Truant AP (1967) Quality of epidural blockade. III: Carbonated local anaesthetic solutions. Br J Anaesth 39: 197–209

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  10. Cousins MJ, Bromage PR (1971) A comparison of the hydrochloride and carbonated salts of lignocaine for caudal analgesia in outpatients. Br J Anaesth 43: 1149–1155

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  11. Akerman B, Astrom A, Ross S, Telc A (1966) Studies on the absorption, distribution and metabolism of labelled prilocaine and lidocaine in some animal species. Acta Pharmacol Toxicol 24: 389–403

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  12. Tucker GT, Mather LE (1988) Absorption and disposition of local anaesthetics. In: Cousins MJ, Bridenbaugh PO (eds) Neural blockade in clinical anaesthesia and management of pain. Lippincott, Philadelphia

    Google Scholar 

  13. Tucker GT, Boyes RN, Bridenbaugh PO, Moore DC (1970) Binding of anilide-type local anaesthetics in human plasma I: Relationshops between binding, physiochemical properties and anesthetic activity. Anesthesiology 33: 287–303

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  14. Tucker GL, Mather LE (1975) Pharmacokinetics of local anaesthetic agents. Br J Anaesth 47: 213–224

    Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  15. Scott DB (1975) Evaluation of the toxicity of local anaesthetic agents in man. Br J Anaesth 47: 56–60

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  16. Covino BG, Cousins MJ (1988) Clinical pharmacology of local anesthetic agents. In: Cousins MJ, Bridenbaugh PO (eds) Neural Blockade in clinical anaesthesia and management of pain. Lippincot, Philadelphia

    Google Scholar 

  17. Braid DP, Scott DB (1965) The systematic absorption of local analgesic drugs. Br J Anaesth 37: 394

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  18. Tucker GT, Cooper S, Littlewood D, Buckley FP, Covino BG, Scott DB (1977) Observed and predicted accumulation of local anaesthetic agents during continuous extradural analgesia. Br J Anaesth 49: 237

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  19. Tucker GT (1975) Plasma binding and disposition of local anesthetics. Int Anesth Clin 13: 33–59

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  20. Bromage PR, Pettigrew RT, Crowell DE (1969) Tachyphylaxis in epidural analgesia: I. Augmentation and decay of local anaesthesia. J Clin Pharmacol 9: 30–38

    CAS  Google Scholar 

  21. Cohen EN, Levine DA, Colliss JE, Gunther RE (1969) The role of pH in the development of tachyphylaxis to local anaesthetic agents. Anesthesiology 29: 994–1001

    Article  Google Scholar 

  22. Cousins MJ, Augustus JA, Gleason M et al (1978) Epidural block for abdominal surgery: aspects of clinical pharmacology of etidocaine. Anaesth Intensive Care 6: 105

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  23. Mather LE, Tucker GT, Murphy TM et al (1976) Effect of adding adrenaline to etidocaine and lignocaine in extradural anaesthetic II: Pharmacokinetics. Br J Anaesth 48: 989–993

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  24. Thomson PD, Melmon KL, Richardson JA, Cohn K, Steinbraunn W, Cudihee R, Rowland M (1973) Lidocaine pharmacokinetics in advanced heart failure, liver disease, and renal failure in humans. Ann Int Med 78: 499

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  25. Morikawa KI, Bonica JJ, Tucker GT, Murphy TM (1974) Effect of acute hypovolaemia on lignocaine absorption and cardiovascular response following epidural block in dogs. Br J Anaesth 46: 631–635

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  26. Quimby CW (1965) Influence of blood loss on the duration of regional anesthesia. Anaesth Analg (Cleve) 44: 387–390

    Google Scholar 

  27. Bromage PR, Gertel M (1970) An evaluation of two new local anaesthetics for major conduction blockade. Can Anaesth Soc J 17: 557–564

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  28. Reidenberg MM, James M, Dring LG (1972) The rate of procaine hydrolysis in serum of normal subjects and diseased patients. Clin Pharmacol Ther 13: 279–284

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  29. Strichartz GR (1988) Neural physiology and local anaesthetic action. In: Cousins MJ, Bridenbaugh PO (eds) Neural blockade in clinical anaesthesia and management of pain 2nd edn. Lippincott, Philadelphia, pp 25–45

    Google Scholar 

  30. Schneider M, Datta S, Schrichartz G (1991) A preferential inhibition of impulses in C-fibres of the rabbit vagus nerve by veratridine, an activator of sodium channels. Anesthesiology 74: 270–280

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  31. Kendig JJ, Courtney KA (1991) New modes of nerve blocks. Anesthesiology 74: 207–208 (editorial)

    Google Scholar 

  32. Korsten HHM, Ackerman EW, Grouls RJE, van Zundert AAJ, Boon WF, Bal F, Crommelin MA, Ribot JG, Hoefsloot F, Sloof JL (1991) Long-lasting epidural sensory blockade by n-butyl-p-aminobenzoate in the terminally ill intractable cancer pain patient. Anesthesiology 75: 950–960

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  33. Boas RA, Cousins MJ (1988) Diagnostic neural blockade. In: Cousins MJ, Bridenbaugh PO (eds) Neural blockade in clinical anaesthesia and management of pain 2nd edn. Lippincott, Philadelphia, pp 885–898

    Google Scholar 

  34. Raj PP (1988) Prognostic and therapeutic local anaesthetic blockade. Diagnostic and therapeutic local anaesthetic blockade. In: Cousins MJ, Bridenbaugh PO (eds) Neural blockade in clinical anaesthesia and management of pain 2nd edn. Lippincott, Philadelphia, pp 899–934

    Google Scholar 

  35. Bogduk N (1988) Back pain: zygapophysial blocks and epidural steroids. In: Cousins MJ, Bridenbaugh PO (eds) Neural blockade in clinical anaesthesia and management of pain 2nd edn. Lippincott, Philadelphia, pp 935–1524

    Google Scholar 

  36. Cousins MJ (1991) Prevention of postoperative pain. In: Bond MR, Charlton JE, Woolf CJ (eds) Proceedings of the VIth World Congress on Pain. Elsevier, Amsterdam, pp 41–52

    Google Scholar 

  37. Brose W, Cousins MJ (1991) Subcutaneous lidocaine for treatment of neuropathic cancer pain. Pain 45: 145–148

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  38. Sutton IR, Cousins MJ (1993) Anaesthetic techniques for pain controll. In: Foley K, Kanner R, Portenoy R (eds) Pain management. Contemporary neurology. F. A. Davis

    Google Scholar 

Download references

Authors
  1. M. J. Cousins
    View author publications

    You can also search for this author in PubMed Google Scholar

Editor information

Editors and Affiliations

  1. Department of Anesthesiology, University of Heidelberg, Im Neuenheimer Feld 110, D-69120, Heidelberg, Germany

    J. Chrubasik M. D. (Professor of Anesthesiology) & E. Martin M. D., F.F.A.R.A.C.S. (Professor of Anesthesiology) (Professor of Anesthesiology) &  (Professor of Anesthesiology)

  2. Department of Anesthesiology, University of Sydney, Royal North Shore Hospital, St. Leonards, NCW 2065, Australia

    M. J. Cousins M. D., F.F.A.R.A.C.S. (Professor of Anaesthesiology) (Professor of Anaesthesiology)

Rights and permissions

Reprints and permissions

Copyright information

© 1993 Springer-Verlag Berlin Heidelberg

About this paper

Cite this paper

Cousins, M.J. (1993). Local Anaesthetics and Pain Management. In: Chrubasik, J., Martin, E., Cousins, M.J. (eds) Advances in Pain Therapy II. Springer, Berlin, Heidelberg. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-642-78341-8_7

Download citation

  • DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-642-78341-8_7

  • Publisher Name: Springer, Berlin, Heidelberg

  • Print ISBN: 978-3-540-56917-6

  • Online ISBN: 978-3-642-78341-8

  • eBook Packages: Springer Book Archive

Publish with us

Policies and ethics

Search

Navigation