Abstract
The pollen characteristic that links all the betalain families (Mabry 1976), Aizoaceae, Amaranthaceae, Basellaceae, Cactaceae, Chenopodiaceae (including Dysphania), Didiereaceae, Halophytaceae, Nyctaginaceae, Phytolaccaceae s.1., Portulacaceae and Stegnospermataceae with the anthocyaninpigmented Caryophyllaceae and Molluginaceae is a tectum that is spinulose with punctae and/or annular perforations (Nowicke 1975; Skvarla and Nowicke 1976; Nowicke and Skvarla 1977; Nowicke and Skvarla 1980). Within the Caryophyllales there are only simple apertures: 3-colpate, pantoporate and pantocolpate are common; 6- to 8-zonocolpate is more restricted. Specialized pollen, i.e., nonspinulose-punctate/annular perforate, is usually coarsely to finely reticulate.
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Nowicke, J.W. (1994). Pollen Morphology and Exine Ultrastructure. In: Behnke, HD., Mabry, T.J. (eds) Caryophyllales. Springer, Berlin, Heidelberg. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-642-78220-6_8
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DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-642-78220-6_8
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