Skip to main content

Part of the book series: Advances in Mutagenesis Research ((MUTAGENESIS,volume 5))

Abstract

Small, round-shaped structures that stained like the cell nucleus were observed in the cytoplasm of erythrocytes more than a century ago (Neumann 1869, p. 78; Howell 1891; for a review of the early literature see Jolly 1907, in particular pp. 207–224). These structures, called “fragment of nuclear material” by Howell or “corpuscules intraglobulaires” in the termination of Jolly, are known to the hematologist as “Howell-Jolly bodies”.

This is a preview of subscription content, log in via an institution to check access.

Access this chapter

Chapter
USD 29.95
Price excludes VAT (USA)
  • Available as PDF
  • Read on any device
  • Instant download
  • Own it forever
eBook
USD 84.99
Price excludes VAT (USA)
  • Available as PDF
  • Read on any device
  • Instant download
  • Own it forever
Softcover Book
USD 109.99
Price excludes VAT (USA)
  • Compact, lightweight edition
  • Dispatched in 3 to 5 business days
  • Free shipping worldwide - see info

Tax calculation will be finalised at checkout

Purchases are for personal use only

Institutional subscriptions

Preview

Unable to display preview. Download preview PDF.

Unable to display preview. Download preview PDF.

References

  • Aaron CS (1989) Evaluation of drug candidates in a battery of short-term genetic toxicology assays: overview. Mutat Res 223: 105–109

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Aaron CS, Sorg R, Zimmer D (1989) The mouse bone marrow micronucleus test: evaluation of 21 drug candidates. Mutat Res 223: 129–140

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Abe T, Isemura T, Kikuchi Y (1984) Micronuclei in human bone-marrow cells: evaluation of the micronucleus test using human leukemia patients treated with antileukemic agents. Mutat Res 130: 113–120

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Adams FH, Norman A, Mello RS, Bass D (1977) Effect of radiation and contrast media on chromosomes. Radiology 124: 823–826

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Adler I-D (1983) New approaches to mutagenicity studies in animals for carcinogenic and mutagenic agents. II. Clastogenic effects determined in transplacentally treated mouse embryos. Teratog Carcinog Mutagen 3: 321–334

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Adler I-D, Kliesch U, van Hummelen P, Kirsch-Volders M (1991) Mouse micronucleus tests with known and suspect spindle poisons: results from two laboratories. Mutagenesis 6: 47–53

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Aeschbacher HU (1986) Rates of micronuclei induction in different mouse strains. Mutat Res 164: 109–115

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Aeschbacher HU, Gottwick D, Meier H, Poot AW (1979) Mutagen-sensitive strain of mice. Mutat Res 59: 301–304

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Aeschbacher HU, Meier H, Ruch E, Wurzner HP (1984) Investigation of coffee in sister chromatid exchange and micronucleus tests in vivo. Food Chem Toxicol 22: 803–807

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Aeschbacher HU, Meier H, Jaccaud E (1986) The effect of caffeine in the in vivo SCE and micronucleus mutagenicity tests. Mutat Res 174: 53–58

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Aghamohammadi SZ, Henderson L, Cole RJ (1984) The human lymphocyte micronucleus assay. Response of cord blood lymphocytes to gamma-irradiation and bleomycin. Mutat Res 130: 395–401

    Google Scholar 

  • Aghamohammadi SZ, Goodhead DT, Savage JR (1989) Production of chromosome aberrations, micronuclei, and sister-chromatid exchanges by 24-keV epithermal neutrons in human GO lymphocytes. Mutat Res 211: 225–230

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Alati T, Eckl P, Jirtle RL (1989) An in vitro micronucleus assay for determining the radiosensitivity of hepatocytes. Radiat Res 119: 562–568

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Albanese R (1987) The cytonucleus test in the rat: a combined metaphase and micronucleus assay. Mutat Res 182: 309–321

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Albanese R, Middleton BJ (1987) The assessment of micronucleated polychromatic erythrocytes in rat bone marrow. Technical and statistical considerations. Mutat Res 182: 323–332

    Google Scholar 

  • Almassy Z, Kanyar B, Köteles GJ (1986) Frequency of micronuclei in X-irradiated human lymphocytes. Int J Radiat Biol 49: 719 (Abstr)

    Google Scholar 

  • Almassy Z, Krepinsky AB, Bianco A, Köteles GJ (1987) The present state and perspectives of micronucleus assay in radiation protection. A review. Appl Radiat Isotop 38:241–249

    CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Al-Sabti K (1986a) Comparative micronucleated erythrocyte cell induction in three cyprinids by five carcinogenic-mutagenic chemicals. Cytobios 47: 147–54

    CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Al-Sabti K (1986b) Clastogenic effects of five carcinogenic-mutagenic chemicals on the cells of the common carp, Cyprinus carpio L. Comp Biochem Physiol C 85: 5–9

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Amphlett GE, Delow GF (1984) Statistical analysis of the micronucleus test. Mutat Res 128: 161–166

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Ankina MA, Mikhailova GF (1991) Study of the dose-response relationship with a reference to the occurrence of binuclear cells with micronuclei in gamma-irradiated lymphocyte culture. Radiobiologiya 31: 71–76 (Russian with English abstr)

    Google Scholar 

  • Antoccia A, Degrassi F, Battistoni A, Ciliutti P, Tanzarella C (1991) In vitro micronucleus test with kinetochore staining: evaluation of test performance. Mutagenesis 6: 319–324

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Arlett CF, Priestley A (1985) An assessment of the radiosensitivity of ataxia-telangiectasia hetcrozygotes. In: Ataxia-telangiectasia: genetics, neuropathology, and immunology of a degenerative disease of childhood. Liss, New York; Kroc Found Ser 19: 101–109

    Google Scholar 

  • Arlett CF, Ashby J, Fielder RJ, Scott D (1989) Micronuclei: origins, applications and methodologies. Mutagenesis 4: 483–486 (a meeting report)

    Google Scholar 

  • Arora OP, Shah VC, Rao SRV (1969) Studies on micronuclei induced by mitomycin-C in the root cells of Vicia faba. Exp Cell Res 56: 443–448

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Ashby J (1982) Screening chemicals for mutagenicity: practices and pitfalls. In: Heddle JA (ed) Mutagenicity: new horizons in genetic toxicology. Academic Press, New York, pp 2–32

    Google Scholar 

  • Ashby J (1985) Genetic toxicology in industry: perspectives and initiatives. Food Chem Toxicol 23:43–45

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Ashby J (1986) The prospects for a simplified and internationally harmonized approach to the detection of possible human carcinogens and mutagens. Mutagenesis 1:3–16

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Ashby J, Mohammed R (1986) Slide preparation and sampling as a major source of variability in the mouse micronucleus assay. Mutat Res 164:217–235

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Ashby J, Tinwell H (1990) The serial dosing rodent bone-marrow micronucleus assay test protocol: context, purpose and design of the collaborative study. Mutat Res 234: 111–114

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Ashby J, Tinwell H, Gulati D, Heddle JA (1990) Overview of the study in relation to protocol design for the rodent bone-marrow micronucleus assay. Mutat Res 234: 223–248

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Ashwood-Smith MJ, Friedmann GB (1979) Lethal and chromosomal effects of freezing, thawing, storage time, and X-irradiation on mammalian cells preserved at —196°C in dimethylsulfoxide. Cryobiology 16: 132–140

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Ashwood-Smith MJ, Grant E (1977) Genetic stability in cellular systems stored in the frozen state. In: The freezing of mammalian embryos. CIBA Foundation Symposium 52, New Series. Elsevier, Amsterdam, pp 251–272

    Google Scholar 

  • Ashwood-Smith MJ, Grant EL, Heddle JA, Friedman GB (1977) Chromosome damage in Chinese hamster cells sensitized to near-ultraviolet light by psoralen and angelicin. Mutat Res 43: 377–385

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Au WW, Ward JB Jr, Ramanujam VM, Harper BL, Moslen MT, Legator MS (1988) Genotoxic effects of a sub-acute low-level inhalation exposure to a mixture of carcinogenic chemicals. Mutat Res 203: 103–115

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Au WW, Walker DM, Ward JB Jr, Whorton E, Legator MS, Singh V (1991) Factors contributing to chromosome damage in lymphocytes of cigarette smokers. Mutat Res 260: 137–144

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Balansky RM, Blagoeva PM (1989) Tobacco smoke-induced clastogenicity in mouse fetuses and in newborn mice. Mutat Res 223: 1–6

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Balansky RM, Blagoeva PM, Mircheva ZI (1987) Investigation of the mutagenic activity of tobacco smoke. Mutat Res 188: 13–19

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Balansky RM, Blagoeva PM, Mircheva ZI (1988) The mutagenic and clastogenic activity of tobacco smoke. Mutat Res 208: 237–241

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Balasem AN, Ali ASK (1991) Establishment of dose-response relationships between doses of CS-137 gamma-rays and frequencies of micronuclei in human peripheral blood lymphocytes. Mutat Res 259: 133–138

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Banduhn N, Obe G (1985) Mutagenicity of methyl 2-benzimidazole-carbamate, diethylstilbestrol and estradiol: structural chromosomal aberrations, sister-chromatid exchanges, C-mitosis, polyploidies and micronuclei. Mutat Res 156: 199–218

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Barale R, Migliore L, Zucconi D, Ciranni R, Casini D, Carducci A, Loprieno N (1987) Experimental model for evaluating the effects of genetic and exogenous factors on transplacental mutagenesis. Mutagenesis 2: 173–177

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Baraona E, Guerra M, Lieber CS (1981) Cytogenetic damage of bone marrow cells produced by chronic alcohol consumption. Life Sci 29: 1797–1802

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Barbason H, Fridman-Manduzio A, Betz EH (1975) Long term effects of a single dose of dimethylnitrosamine on the rat liver. Z Krebsforsch 84: 135–142

    CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Bauchinger M (1984) Cytogenetic effects in human lymphocytes as a dosimetry system. In: Eisert WG, Mendelsohn ML (eds) Biological dosimetry. Springer, Berlin Heidelberg New York, pp 15–24

    Google Scholar 

  • Bauchinger M, Schmid E, Braselmann H (1986) Cell survival and radiation induced chromosome aberrations, II. Experimental findings in human lymphocytes analysed in first and second post-irradiation metaphases. Radiat Environ Biophys 25: 253–260

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Bauknecht T, Vogel W, Bayer U, Wild D (1977) Comparative in vivo mutagenicity testing by SCE and micronucleus induction in mouse bone marrow. Hum Genet 35: 299–307

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Baumgartner AP, Chrisman CL (1981) Cytogenetic analysis of ovulated mouse oocytes following hyperthermic stress during meiotic maturation. Exp Cell Res 132: 359–366

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Becker P, Scherthan H, Zankl H (1990) Use of a centromere-specific DNA probe (p82H) in nonisotopic in situ hybridization for classification of micronuclei. Genes Chromosome Cancer 2: 59–62

    CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Beek B, Jacky PB, Sutherland GR (1983) Heritable fragile sites and micronucleus formation. Ann Genet 26: 5–9

    Google Scholar 

  • Benavente R, Schmidt-Zachmann MS, Hugle-Dorr B, Reimer G, Rose KM, Scheer U (1988) Identification and definition of nucleolus-related fibrillar bodies in micronucleated cells. Exp Cell Res 178: 518–523

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Bender MA, Griggs HG, Bedford JS (1974) Mechanisms of chromosomal aberration production. III. Chemicals and ionizing radiation. Mutat Res 23: 197–212

    Google Scholar 

  • Bender MA, Awa AA, Brooks AL, Evans HJ, Groer PG, Littlefield LG, Pereira C, Preston RJ, Wachholz BW (1988) Current status of cytogenetic procedures to detect and quantify previous exposures to radiation. Mutat Res 196: 103–159

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Bertsche U (1985) Micronucleus induction in mammalian cell cultures treated with ionizing radiations. Radiat Environ Biophys 24: 27–44

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Bettega D, Bombana M, Pelucchi T, Poli A, Tallone Lombardi L, Fuhrman Conti AM (1980) Multinucleate cells and micronucleus formation in cultured human cells exposed to 12 MeV protons and gamma-rays. Int J Radiat Biol 37: 1–9

    CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Bielfeld V, Weichenthal M, Roser M, Breitbart E, Berger J, Seemanova E, Rüdiger HW (1989) Ultraviolet-induced chromosomal instability in cultured fibroblasts of heterozygote carriers for Xeroderma pigmentosum. Cancer Genet Cytogenet 43: 219–226

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Bilbao A, Prosser JS, Edwards AA, Moody JC, Lloyd DC (1989) The induction of micronuclei in human lymphocytes by in vitro irradiation with alpha particles from plutonium-239. Int J Radiat Biol 56: 287–292

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Blakey DH, Duncan AM, Wargovich MJ, Goldberg MT, Bruce WR, Heddle JA (1985) Detection of nuclear anomalies in the colonic epithelium of the mouse. Cancer Res 45: 242–249

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Boll I, Koppe M, Schaaf J, Trautmann J (1956) Quantitative und qualitative Veränderungen an Röntgenbestrahlten Knochenmarkkulturen. Strahlentherapie 100: 445–454

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Boller K, Schmid W (1970) Chemische Mutagenese beim Säuger. Das Knochenmark des Chinesischen Hamsters als in vivo Testsystem. Hämatologische Befunde nach Behandlung mit Trenimon. Humangenetik 11: 35–54

    Google Scholar 

  • Bonatti S, Simi L, Abbondandolo A (1985) The effect of thymidine on the induction of micronuclei by alkylating agents in V79 Chinese hamster cells. Mutat Res 150: 347–353

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Borràs M (1986) Formol-saline as a cell-conserving medium in the micronucleus test. Stain Technol 61: 59–60

    PubMed  Google Scholar 

  • Boycs BG, Koval JJ (1985) A cautionary note on the use of BUdR when determining micronucleus frequencies. Int J Radiat Biol 47: 341–342

    Google Scholar 

  • Braithwaite I, Ashby J (1988) A non-invasive micronucleus assay in the rat liver. Mutat Res 203: 23–32

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Brenneke H (1937) Strahlenschädigung von Mäuse-und Rattensperma beobachtet an der Frühentwicklung der Eier. Strahlentherapie 60: 214–238

    Google Scholar 

  • Brenner SL, Liaw L-H, Berns MW (1980) Laser microirradiation of kinetochores in mitotic PtK2 cells: chromatid separation and micronucleus formation. Cell Biophys 2: 139–152

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Brock WA, Williams M (1985) Kinetics of micronucleus expression in synchronized irradiated Chinese hamster ovary cells. Cell Tissue Kinet 18: 247–254

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Brock WA, Maor MH, Peters LJ (1985) Predictors of tumor response to radiotherapy. Radiat Res (Suppl) 8: S290–296

    CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Brodin U (1989) Statistical analysis of the micronucleus test — a modelling approach. Mutat Res 211: 259–264

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Brögger A, Magmar L, Hansteen I-L, Heim S, Högstedt B, Knudsen L, Lambert B, Linnainmaa K, Mitelman F, Nordenson I, Reuterwall C, Salomaa S, Skerfving S, Sorsa M (1990) An inter-Nordic prospective study on cytogenetic endpoints and cancer risk. Nordic study group on the health risk of chromosome damage. Cancer Genet Cytogenet 45: 85–92

    PubMed  Google Scholar 

  • Brookes P, de Serres FJ (1981) Overview of assay system performance. In: de Serres FJ, Ashby J (eds) Evaluation of short-term tests for carcinogens. Progress in mutation research, vol I. Elsevier, Amsterdam, pp 96–111

    Google Scholar 

  • Brooks AL, Newton GJ, Shyr LJ, Seiler FA, Scott BR (1990) The combined effects of alpha particles and X-rays on cell killing and micronuclei induction in lung epithelial cells. Int J Radiat Biol 58: 799–811

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Bruce WR, Heddle JA (1979) The mutagenic activity of 61 agents as determined by the micronucleus, Salmonella, and sperm abnormality assays. Can J Genet Cytol 21: 319–334

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Callisen H, Norman A, Pincu M (1984) Computer scoring of micronuclei in human lymphocytes. In: Eisert WG, Mendelsohn ML (eds) Biological dosimetry. Cytometric approaches to mammalian systems. Springer, Berlin Heidelberg New York, pp 171–179

    Google Scholar 

  • Callisen HH, Pincu M, Norman A (1986) Feasibility of automating the micronucleus assay. Anal Quant Cytol Histol 8: 219–223

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Carmichael NG, Backhouse BL, Winder C, Lewis PD (1982) Teratogenicity, toxicity and perinatal effects of cadmium. Hum Toxicol 1: 159–186

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Carrano AV, Heddle JA (1973) The fate of chromosome aberrations. J Theor Biol 38: 289–304

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Chai LS, Schumer JM, Sandberg AA (1985) Effect of mitochondrial inhibitors on metaphase-telophase progression and nuclear membrane formation in Chinese hamster cells. Cell Tissue Kinet 18: 13–25

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Chakrabarti A, Chakrabarti S (1987) High yield of micronuclei and micronuclei premature chromosome condensation in a mouse tumor cell line cultured in vivo with prearrested mitotic metaphases. Neoplasma 34: 557–562

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Chakrabarti RN, Dutta K (1988) Micronuclei test in routine smears from uterine cervix. Eur J Gynaecol Oncol 9: 370–372

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Chaubey RC, Kavi BR, Chauhan PS, Sundaram K (1977) Evaluation of the effect of ethanol on the frequency of micronuclei in the bone marrow of Swiss mice. Mutat Res 43: 441–444

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Chaubey RC, George KP, Sundaram K (1978) X-ray-induced micronuclei in the bone marrow erythrocytes of mice. Int J Radiat Biol 33: 507–510

    CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Chieco-Bianchi L, Saggioro D, Del-Mistro A, Montaldo A, Majone F, Levis AG (1988) Chromosome damage induced in cord blood T-lymphocytes infected in vitro by HTLV-I. Leukemia 2(12):2235–2328 (Suppl)

    Google Scholar 

  • Chrisman CL, Baumgartner AP (1980) Micronuclei in bone-marrow cells of mice subjected to hyperthermia. Mutat Res 77: 95–97

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Ciranni R, Barale R, Marrazzini A, Loprieno N (1988a) Benzene and the genotoxicity of its metabolites. I. Transplacental activity in mouse fetuses and in their dams. Mutat Res 208: 61–67

    CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Ciranni R, Barale R, Ghelardini G, Loprieno N (1988b) Benzene and the genotoxicity of its metabolites. II. The effect of the route of administration on the micronuclei and bone marrow depression in mouse bone marrow cells. Mutat Res 209: 23–28

    CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Cliet I, Fournier E, Melcion C, Cordier A (1989) In vivo micronucleus test using mouse hepatocytes. Mutat Res 216: 321–326

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Cole RJ, Taylor NA, Cole J, Arlett CF (1979) Transplacental effects of chemical mutagens detected by the micronucleus test. Nature 277: 317–318

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Cole RJ, Taylor N, Cole J, Arlett CF (1981) Short-term tests for transplacentally active carcinogens. I. Micronucleus formation in fetal and maternal mouse erythroblasts. Mutat Res 80: 141–157

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Collaborative Study Group for the Micronucleus Test (1986) Sex difference in the micronucleus test. Mutat Res 172: 151–163

    Google Scholar 

  • Collaborative Study Group for the Micronucleus Test (1988) Strain difference in the micronucleus test. Mutat Res 204: 307–316

    Google Scholar 

  • Cornforth MN, Goodwin EH (1991) Transmission of radiation-induced acentric chromosomal fragments to micronuclei in normal human fibroblasts. Radiat Res 126:210–217

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Cortés F, Mateos S, Escalza P (1986) Cytotoxic and genotoxic effects of ethanol and acetaldehyde in root meristem cells of Allium cepa. Mutat Res 171: 139–143

    Google Scholar 

  • Coss RA, Dewey WC (1988) Heat sensitization of G1 and S phase cells by procaine HCI. II: Toxicity and probability of dividing following treatment. Int J Hyperthermia 4: 687–697

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Countryman PI, Heddle JA (1976) The production of micronuclei from chromosome aberrations in irradiated cultures of human lymphocytes. Mutat Res 41: 321–332

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Countryman PI, Heddle JA, Crawford E (1977) The repair of X-ray-induced chromosomal damage in trisomy 21 and normal diploid lymphocytes. Cancer Res 37: 52–58

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Crebelli R, Fuselli S, Meneguz A, Aquilina G, Conti L, Leopardi P, Zijno A, Baris F, Carere A (1988) In vitro and in vivo mutagenicity studies with airborne particulate extracts. Mutat Res 204:565–575

    Google Scholar 

  • Crosby AR (1957) Nucleolar activity of lagging chromosomes in wheat. Am J Bot 44: 813–822

    Google Scholar 

  • Cui YQ, Dong ZW, Liu SB, Zhang SC, Wang Y, Ji XY (1990) Assessment of the mutagenic effect of maternal factors on human chorionic villi by micronucleus test. In: Mendelsohn ML, Albertini RJ (eds) Mutation and the environment, Part B: Metabolism, testing methods, and chromosomes. Progress in clinical and biological research, vol 340B. Wiley-Liss, New York, pp 217–222

    Google Scholar 

  • Das BC, Sharma T (1987) The fate of X-ray-induced chromosome aberrations in blood lymphocyte culture. Mutat Res 176: 93–104

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Das NK (1962) Synthetic capacities of chromosome fragments correlated with their ability to maintain nucleolar material. J Cell Biol 15: 121–130

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Das RK, Kar RN (1980) Sodium citrate as a substitute for fetal calf serum in the micronucleus test. Stain Technol 55: 43–45

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Das RK, Roy B (1988) A simplified method for micronucleus preparation from hepatic cells. Stain Technol 63: 71–74

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Dash S, Panda KK, Panda BB (1988) Biomonitoring of low levels of mercurial derivatives in water and soil by Allium micronucleus assay. Mutat Res 203: 11–21

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Degrassi F, Rizzoni M (1982) Micronucleus test in Vicia faba root tips to detect mutagen damage in fresh-water pollution. Mutat Res 97: 19–33

    CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Degrassi F, Tanzarella C (1988) Immunofluorescent staining of kinetochores in micronuclei: a new assay for the detection of aneuploidy. Mutat Res 203: 339–345

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Dela-Rosa AM, Banzon RB (1989) The effect of gamma-radiation on smoked fish using short-term mutagenicity assays. Mutat Res 223: 303–307

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Diehl I, Bianchi M (1980) Induction of micronuclei after irradiation with a 600-MV neutron beam — effects from 1 to 80 cGy. Br J Radiol 53: 1103

    Google Scholar 

  • Diehl-Marshall I, Bianchi M (1981) Induction of micronuclei in bean roots by 250 GeV hadrons. Radiat Environ Biophys 19: 117–124

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Discombe G (1948) L’origine des corps de Howell-Jolly et des anneaux de Cabot. Sang 19: 262–264

    Google Scholar 

  • Douglas GR, Nestmann ER, Lebel G (1986) Contribution of chlorination to the mutagenic activity of drinking water extracts in Salmonella and Chinese hamster ovary cells. Environ Health Perspect 69: 81–87

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Duncan AM (1986) Enhanced sensitivity of lymphoblastoid cells from individuals carrying the mutation for the fragile X syndrome to the clastogenic effects of FUdR. Mutat Res 173: 201–205

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Duncan AM, Heddle JA, Blakey DH (1985) Mechanism of induction of nuclear anomalies by gamma-radiation in the colonic epithelium of the mouse. Cancer Res 45: 250–252

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Dunn TL, Gardiner RA, Seymour GJ, Lavin MF (1987) Genotoxicity of analgesic compounds assessed by an in vitro micronucleus assay. Mutat Res 189: 299–306

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Dwarakanath BS, Jain VK (1987) Modification of the radiation induced damage by 2-deoxy-Dglucose in organ cultures of human cerebral gliomas. Int J Radiat Oncol Biol Phys 13: 741–746

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Eastmond DA, Tucker JD (1989a) Kinetochore localization in micronucleated cytokinesis-blocked Chinese hamster ovary cells: a new and rapid assay for identifying aneuploidyinducing agents. Mutat Res 224: 517–525

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Edwards AA, Lloyd DC, Purrott RJ (1979) Radiation-induced chromosome aberrations and the Poisson distribution. Radiat Environ Biophys 16: 89–100

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • El-Labban NG, Osorio-Herrera E (1986) Apoptotic bodies and abnormally dividing epithelial cells in squamous cell carcinoma. Histopathology 10: 921–931

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • El Nahas SM, Oraby HA (1989) Micronuclei formation in somatic cells of mice exposed to 50-Hz electric fields. Environ Mol Mutagen 13: 107–111

    PubMed  Google Scholar 

  • Erexson GL, Kligerman AD (1987) A modified mouse peripheral blood lymphocyte culture system for cytogenetic analysis. Environ Mol Mutagen 10: 377–386

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Erexson GL, Kligerman AD, Allen JW (1987) Diaziquone-induced micronuclei in cytochalasin B-blocked mouse peripheral blood lymphocytes. Mutat Res 178: 117–122

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Erexson GL, Kligerman AD, Halperin EC, Honore GM, Allen JW (1989) Micronuclei in binucleated lymphocytes of mice following exposure to gamma radiation. Environ Mol Mutagen 13: 128–132

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Evans HJ (1976) Methods for detecting chemical mutagens IIIC. Micronuclei in interphase cells. In: Hollaender A (ed) Chemical mutagens. Plenum Press, New York, pp 8–9

    Google Scholar 

  • Evans HJ (1988) Mutation cytogenetics: past, present and future. Mutat Res 204: 355–363

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Evans HJ (1990) Cytogenetic markers in detecting the effects of exposure to complex mixtures of chemicals. IARC Sci Publ 104:134–146

    Google Scholar 

  • Evans HJ, Neary GJ, Williamson FS (1959) The relative biological efficiency of single doses of fast neutrons and gamma-rays on Vicia faba roots and the effect of oxygen. Part II. Chromosome damage: the production of micronuclei. Int J Radiat Biol 3: 216–229

    Google Scholar 

  • Everson RB, Wehr CM, Erexson GL, MacGregor JT (1988) Association of marginal folate depletion with increased human chromosomal damage in vivo: demonstration by analysis of micronucleated erythrocytes. J Natl Cancer Inst 80: 525–529

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Falkvoll KH (1990) The occurrence of apoptosis, abnormal mitoses, cells dying in mitosis and micronuclei in a human melanoma xenograft exposed to single dose irradiation. Strahlenther Onkol 166: 487–492

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Fenech M (1990) The cytokinesis-block micronucleus assay in nucleated cells. In: Mendelsohn ML, Albertini RJ (eds) Mutation and the environment, Part B: Metabolism, testing methods, and chromosomes. Progress in clinical and biological research, vol 340B. Wiley-Liss, New York, pp 195–206

    Google Scholar 

  • Fenech M (1991) Optimisation of micronucleus assays for biological dosimetry. In: Gledhill BL, Mauro F (eds) New horizons in biological dosimetry. Progress in clinical and biological research, vol 372. Wiley-Liss, New York, pp 373–386

    Google Scholar 

  • Fenech M, Morley AA (1985a) Solutions to the kinetic problem in the micronucleus assay. Cytobios 43: 233–246

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Fenech M, Morley AA (1985e) The effect of donor age on spontaneous and induced micronuclei. Mutat Res 148: 99–105

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Fenech M, Morley AA (1986) Cytokincsis-block micronucleus method in human lymphocytes: effect of in vivo ageing and low dose X-irradiation. Mutat Res 161:193–198

    Google Scholar 

  • Fenech M, Morley AA (1987) Ageing in vivo does not influence micronucleus induction in human lymphocytes by X-irradiation. Mech Ageing Dev 39:113–119

    Google Scholar 

  • Fenech M, Morley AA (1989) Kinetochore detection in micronuclei: an alternative method for measuring chromosome loss. Mutagenesis 4: 98–104

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Fenech M, Jarvis LR, Morley AA (1988) Preliminary studies on scoring micronuclei by computerised image analysis. Mutat Res 203: 33–38

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Fenech M, Denham J, Francis W, Morley A (1990) Micronuclei in cytokinesis-blocked lymphocytes of cancer patients following fractionated partial-body radiotherapy. Int J Radiat Biol 57: 373–383

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Fenech MF, Dunaiski V, Osborne Y, Morley AA (1991) The cytokinesis-block micronucleus assay as a biological dosimeter in spleen and peripheral blood lymphocytes of the mouse following acute whole-body irradiation. Mutat Res 263: 119–126

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Fernandez M, Jaylet A (1987) An antioxidant protects against the clastogenic effects of benzo[a]-pyrene in the newt in vivo. Mutagenesis 2: 293–296

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Fisher DR, Hendry JH, Scott D (1988) Long-term repair in vivo of colony-forming ability and chromosomal injury in X-irradiated mouse hepatocytes. Radiat Res 113: 40–50

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Fliedner TM, Bond VP, Cronkite EP (1961) Structural, cytologic and autoradiographic (3H-thymidine) changes in the bone marrow following total body irradiation. Am J Pathol 38: 599–623

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Fliedner TM, Andrews G, Cronkite EP, Bond VP (1964) Early and late cytological effects of whole body irradiation on human bone marrow. Blood 23: 471–487

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Ford JH, Schultz CJ, Correll AT (1988) Chromosome elimination in micronuclei: a common cause of hypoploidy. Am J Hum Genet 43: 733–740

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Frackowiak S, Labidi B, Hernandez-Verdun D, Bouteille M (1986) Preservation of chromosome integrity during micronucleation induced by colchicine in PtK1 cells. Chromosoma 94: 468–474

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Frank DW, Trzos RJ, Good PI (1978) A comparison of two methods for evaluating drug-induced chromosome alterations. Mutat Res 56: 311–317

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Friedman MA, Staub J (1977) Induction of micronuclei in mouse and hamster bone-marrow by chemical carcinogens. Mutat Res 43: 255–262

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Friedman MA, Carter WH, Staub J, Segreti A (1978) Relative mutagenic potencies determined in the micronucleus test. J Theor Biol 73: 575–584

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Frorath B, Schmidt-Preuss U, Siemers U, Zöllner M, Rüdiger HW (1984) Heterozygous carriers for Bloom syndrome exhibit a spontaneously increased micronucleus formation in cultured fibroblasts. Hum Genet 67: 52–55

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Fuhrmann C, Streffer C, Müller W-U, Becker U (1992) Micronucleus assay prediction and application optimized by cytochalasin B induced binucleated tumor cells. Strahlentherapie 168: 603–609

    CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Gantenberg H-W, Wuttke K, Streffer C, Müller W-U (1991) Micronuclei in human lymphocytes irradiated in vitro or in vivo. Radiat Res 128: 276–281

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Garriott ML, Grahn D (1982) Neutron and gamma-ray effects measured by the micronucleus test. Mutat Res 105: 157–162

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Garriott ML, Piper CE, Kokkino AJ (1988) A simplified protocol for the mouse bone marrow micronucleus assay. J Appl Toxicol 8: 141–144

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Geng L, Potten CS (1990) Changes after irradiation in the number of mitotic cells and apoptotic fragments in growing mouse hair follicles and the width of their hairs. Radiat Res 123: 75–81

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • George KC, Streffer C, Pelzer T (1989) Combined effects of X-rays, Ro 03–8799, and hyperthermia on growth, necrosis, and cell proliferation in a mouse tumor. Int J Radiat Oncol Biol Phys 16: 1119–1122

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Géraud G, Laquerrière F, Masson C, Arnoult J, Labidi B, Hernandez-Verdun D (1989) Three-dimensional organization of micronuclei induced by colchicine in PtK1 cells. Exp Cell Res 181: 27–39

    PubMed  Google Scholar 

  • German J, Crippa LP (1966) Chromosomal breakage in diploid cell lines from Bloom’s syndrome and Fanconi’s anemia. Ann Génét 9: 143–154

    Google Scholar 

  • Ghosh S, Paweletz N (1984) Synchronous DNA synthesis and mitosis in multinucleate cells with one chromosome in each nucleus. Chromosoma 89: 304–311

    Google Scholar 

  • Ghosh S, Paweletz N (1987) Centrosome-kinetochore interaction in multinucleate cells. Chromosoma 95: 136–143

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Giavini E, Bonanomi L, Ornaghi F (1984) Developmental toxicity during the preimplantation period: embryotoxicity and clastogenic effects of chlorambucil in the rat. Teratog Carcinog Mutagen 4: 341–348

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Giavini E, Lemonica IP, Lou Y, Broccia ML, Prati M (1990) Induction of micronuclei and toxic effects in embryos of pregnant rats treated before implantation with anticancer drugs: cyclophosphamide, cis-platinum, adriamycin. Teratog Carcinog Mutagen 10: 417–426

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Goddard AD, Heddle JA, Gallic BL, Phillips RA (1985) Radiation sensitivity of fibroblasts of bilateral retinoblastoma patients as determined by micronucleus induction in vitro. Mutat Res 152: 31–38

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Goldberg MT, Chidiac P (1986) An in vivo assay for small intestine genotoxicity. Mutat Res 164: 209–215

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Gollapudi B, Kamra OP (1979) Application of a simple Giemsa-staining method in the micronucleus test. Mutat Res 64: 45–46

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Gollapudi BB, McClintock ML, Linscombe VA, Sinha AK (1984) Evaluation of the effect of food deprivation on micronucleus test results. Toxicol Lett 21: 353–6

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Gollapudi BB, Bruce RJ, Linscombe VA, Watanabe PG, Sinha AK (1986) Effect of food and water deprivation on the parameters of the mouse bone marrow micronucleus test. Mutat Res 173: 121–125

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Gorski G (1987) Micronucleus formation in lymphocytes of patients with fraXq27 syndrome. Folia Histochem Cytobiol 25: 163–168

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Grinfeld S, Jaylet A, Siboulet R, Deparis P, Chouroulinkov I (1986) Micronuclei in red blood cells of the newt Pleurodeles waltl after treatment with benzo(a)pyrene: dependence on dose, length of exposure, posttreatment time, and uptake of the drug. Environ Mutagen 8: 41–51

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Grote SJ, Revell SH (1972) Correlation of chromosome damage and colony-forming ability in Syrian hamster cells in culture irradiated in G1. Curr Top Radiat Res Q 7: 303–309

    Google Scholar 

  • Grote SJ, Joshi GP, Revell SH, Shaw CA (1981) Observations of radiation-induced chromosome fragment loss in live mammalian cells in culture, and its effect on colony-forming ability. Int J Radiat Biol 39: 395–408

    CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Gudi R, Sandhu SS, Athwal RS (1990) Kinetochore identification in micronuclei in mouse bone-marrow erythrocytes: an assay for the detection of aneuploidy-inducing agents. Mutat Res 234: 263–268

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Gustavino B, Vitagliano E, Sottili A, Rizzoni M (1987) A comparison between short-term evolution of micronuclei induced by X-rays and colchicine in root tips of Vicia faba. Mutat Res 192: 109–19

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Hagmar L, Bellander T, Högstedt B, Hallberg T, Attewell R, Raihle G, Au WW, Legator MS, Mitelman F, Skerfving S (1988) Biological effects in a chemical factory with mutagenic exposure. I. Cytogenetic and haematological parameters. Int Arch Occup Environ Health 60: 437–444

    Google Scholar 

  • Hall SC, Wells J (1988) Micronuclei in human lymphocytes as a biological dosemeter: preliminary data following beta irradiation in vitro. J Radiol Protect 8: 97–102

    CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Hansmann I, Röhrborn G (1973) Chromosome aberrations in preimplantation stages of mice after treatment with triazoquinone. Humangenetik 18: 101–109

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Harper BL, Legator MS (1987) Pyridine prevents the clastogenicity of benzene but not of benzo[a]pyrene or cyclophosphamide. Mutat Res 179: 23–31

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Hart JW, Engberg-Pedersen H (1983) Statistics of the mouse bone-marrow micronucleus test: counting, distribution and evaluation of results. Mutat Res 111: 195–207

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Hayashi M, Sofuni T, Ishidate M Jr (1982) High sensitivity in micronucleus induction of a mouse strain ( MS ). Mutat Res 105: 253–256

    Google Scholar 

  • Hayashi M, Sofuni T, Ishidate M Jr (1983) An application of acridine orange fluorescent staining to the micronucleus test. Mutat Res 120: 241–247

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Hayashi M, Sofuni T, Ishidate M Jr (1984a) Kinetics of micronucleus formation in relation to chromosomal aberrations in mouse bone marrow. Mutat Res 127: 129–137

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Hayashi M, Sofuni T, Ishidate M Jr (1984b) A pilot experiment for the micronucleus test. The multi-sampling at multi-dose levels method. Mutat Res 141: 165–169

    Google Scholar 

  • Hayashi M, Kishi M, Sofuni T, Ishidate M Jr (1988) Micronucleus tests in mice on 39 food additives and eight miscellaneous chemicals. Food Chem Toxicol 26: 487–500

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Hayashi M, Sutou S, Shimada H, Sato S, Sasaki YF, Wakata A (1989) Difference between

    Google Scholar 

  • Hayashi M, Norppa H, Sofuni T, Ishidate M (1990a) Automation of mouse micronucleus test by flow cytometry and image analysis. Cytometry (Suppl) 4: 35 (Abstr)

    Google Scholar 

  • Hayashi M, Morita T, Kodama Y, Sofuni T, Ishidate M Jr (1990b) The micronucleus assay with mouse peripheral blood reticulocytes using acridine orange-coated slides. Mutat Res 245: 245–249

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Hayashi M, Sofuni T, Morita T (1991) Simulation study of the effects of multiple treatments in the mouse bone marrow micronucleus test. Mutat Res 252: 281–287

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • He S, Baker RSU (1989) Initiating carcinogen, triethylenemelamine, induces micronuclei in skin target cells. Environ Mol Mutagen 14: 1–5

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • He S, Baker R (1991) Micronuclei in mouse skin cells following in vivo exposure to benzo[a]pyrene, 7,12-dimethylbenz[a]anthracene, chrysene, pyrene and urethane. Environ Mol Mutagen 17: 163–168

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Heddle JA (1973) A rapid in vivo test for chromosomal damage. Mutat Res 18: 187–190

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Heddle JA (1990) Micronuclei in vivo. In: Mendelsohn ML, Albertini RJ (eds) Mutation and the Environment, Part B: Metabolism, testing methods, and chromosomes. Progress in clinical and biological research, vol 340B. Wiley-Liss, New York, pp 185–194

    Google Scholar 

  • Heddle JA, Bruce WR (1977a) Comparison of tests for mutagenicity or carcinogenicity using assays for sperm abnormalities, formation of micronuclei, and mutations in Salmonella. In: Hiatt HH, Watson JD, Winsten JA (eds) Origins of human Cancer, vol 4. Cold Spring Harbour Conferences, Cold Spring Harbour Laboratories, pp 1549–1557

    Google Scholar 

  • Heddle JA, Bruce WR (1977b) On the use of multiple assays for mutagenicity, especially the micronucleus, Salmonella, and sperm abnormality assays. In: Scott D, Bridges BA, Sobels FH (eds) Progress in genetic toxicology. Proc 2nd Int Conf on Environ Mutagens, Edinburgh 1977. Elsevier, Amsterdam, pp 265–274

    Google Scholar 

  • Heddle JA, Carrano AV (1977) The DNA content of micronuclei induced in mouse bone marrow by gamma-irradiation: evidence that micronuclei arise from acentric chromosomal fragments. Mutat Res 44: 63–69

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Heddle JA, Harris JW (1975) Rapid screening of radioprotective drugs in vivo. Radiat Res 61: 350–353

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Heddle JA, Benz RD, Countryman PI (1978a) Measurement of chromosomal breakage in cultured cells by the micronucleus technique. In: Evans HJ, Lloyd DC (eds) Mutageninduced chromosome damage in man. Edinburgh University Press, Edinburgh, pp 185–200

    Google Scholar 

  • Heddle JA, Lue CB, Saunders EF, Benz RD (1978b) Sensitivity to five mutagens in Fanconi’s anemia as measured by the micronucleus method. Cancer Res 38: 2983–2988

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Heddle JA, Blakey DH, Duncan AMV, Goldberg MT, Newmark H, Wargovich MJ, Bruce WR (1982) Micronuclei and related nuclear anomalies as a short-term assay for colon carcinogens. Banbury Rep 13: 367–377

    CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Heddle JA, Hite M, Kirkhart B, Mavournin K, MacGregor JT, Nowell GW, Salamone MF (1983) The induction of micronuclei as a measure of genotoxicity. Mutat Res 123: 61–118

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Heddle JA, Cimino MC, Hayashi M, Romagna F, Shelby MD, Tucker JD, Vanparys P, MacGregor JT (1991) Micronuclei as an index of cytogenetic damage: past, present, and future. Environ Mol Mutagen 18: 277–291

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Henderson L, Cole R, Cole J, Cole H, Aghamohammadi Z, Regan T (1984) Sister-chromatid exchange and micronucleus induction as indicators of genetic damage in maternal and foetal cells. Mutat Res 126: 47–52

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Henderson LM, Aghamohammadi SZ, Arlett CF, Cole RJ (1986) Lack of discernible effect of diagnostic ultrasound on the chromosomes of cord blood lymphocytes exposed in utero. Br J Radiol 59: 499–503

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Hennig UG, Rudd NL, Hoar DI (1988) Kinetochore immunofluorescence in micronuclei: a rapid method for the in situ detection of aneuploidy and chromosome breakage in human fibroblasts. Mutat Res 203: 405–14

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Hernandez-Verdun D, Bouteille M, Ege T, Ringertz NR (1979) Fine structure of nucleoli in micronucleated cells. Exp Cell Res 124: 223–235

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Hernandez-Verdun D, Gregoire M, Labidi B, Bouteille M (1986) Sorting of micronuclei from PtK1 cells. Exp Cell Res 164: 243–250

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Hirano A, Kirimura T (1974) Virally transformed cells and cytochalasin B, I. The effect of cytochalasin B on cytokinesis, karyokinesis and DNA synthesis in cells. Exp Cell Res 89: 91–120

    Google Scholar 

  • Hoffmann M, Hagberg S, Karlsson A, Nilsson R, Ranstam J, Högstedt B (1984) Inorganic lead exposure does not affect lymphocyte micronuclei in car radiator repair workers. Hereditas 101: 223–226

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Högstedt B (1984) Micronuclei in lymphocytes with preserved cytoplasm — a method for assessment of cytogenetic damage in man. Mutat Res 130: 63–72

    PubMed  Google Scholar 

  • Högstedt B, Karlsson A (1985) The size of micronuclei in human lymphocytes varies according to inducing agent used. Mutat Res 156: 229–232

    PubMed  Google Scholar 

  • Högstedt B, Mitelman F (1981) The interrelations of micronuclei, chromosomal instability, and mutational activity in acute non-lymphocytic leukemia, a hypothesis. Hereditas 95: 165–167

    PubMed  Google Scholar 

  • Högstedt B, Nilsson PG, Mitelman F (1981a) Micronuclei in erythropoietic bone marrow cells: relation to cytogenetic pattern and prognosis in acute non-lymphocytic leukemia. Cancer Gen Cytogen 3: 185–193

    Google Scholar 

  • Högstedt B, Gullberg B, Mark-Vendel E, Mitelman F, Skerfving S (1981b) Micronuclei and chromosome aberrations in bone marrow cells and lymphocytes of humans exposed mainly to petroleum vapors. Hereditas 94: 179–187

    PubMed  Google Scholar 

  • Högstedt B, Gullberg B, Hedner K, Kolnig A-M, Mitelman F, Skerfving S, Widegren B (1983) Chromosome aberrations and micronuclei in bone marrow cells and peripheral blood lymphocytes in humans exposed to ethylene oxide. Hereditas 98: 105–113

    PubMed  Google Scholar 

  • Högstedt B, Karlsson A, Sjöstedt L, Wickberg B (1986) Chemists did not differ from theologians regarding lymphocyte micronuclei. Hereditas 105: 67–69

    PubMed  Google Scholar 

  • Högstedt B, Karlsson A, Holmén A (1988a) Frequencies of micronuclei in human peripheral blood lymphocytes stimulated in vitro by phytohemagglutinin and pokeweed mitogen. Hereditas 109: 53–55

    PubMed  Google Scholar 

  • Högstedt B, Bratt I, Holmén A, Hagmar L, Skerfving S (1988b) Frequency and size distribution of micronuclei in lymphocytes stimulated with phytohemagglutinin and pokeweed mitogen in workers exposed to piperazine. Hereditas 109: 139–142

    PubMed  Google Scholar 

  • Högstedt B, Holmen A, Karlsson A, Raihle G, Nillius K, Vestlund K (1991) Gasoline pump mechanics had increased frequencies and sizes of micronuclei in lymphocytes stimulated by pokeweed mitogen. Mutat Res 263: 51–55

    PubMed  Google Scholar 

  • Holmen A, Akesson B, Hansen L, Frithiof J, Mitelman F, Karlsson A, Persson L, Welinder H, Skerfving S, Högstedt B (1988) Comparison among five mutagenicity assays in workers producing polyurethane foams. Int Arch Occup Environ Health 60: 175–179

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Holmstrom M (1988) Sex differences in the micronucleus test: true or false? Mutagenesis 3: 177–178

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Hooftman RN, de Raat WK (1982) Induction of nuclear anomalies (micronuclei) in the peripheral blood erythrocytes of the eastern mudminnow Umbra pygmaea by ethyl methane sulphonate. Mutat Res 104: 147–152

    CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Hosari E, Brüderlein S, Gebhart E (1986) Microcell-mediated chromosome transfer from human tumor cells to human recipient cells evidence by premature condensation of the transfered chromosomes. Cancer Genet Cytogent 20: 63–71

    CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Hose JE (1985) Potential uses of sea urchin embryos for identifying toxic chemicals: description of a bioassay incorporating cytologic, cytogenetic and embryologic endpoints. J Appl Toxicol 5: 245–254

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Hossack DNJ, Richardson JC (1977) Examinations of the potential mutagenicity of hair dye constituents using the micronucleus test. Experientia 33: 377–378

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Howell WI-I (1891) The life-history of the formed elements of the blood, especially the red blood corpuscles. J Morphol 4: 57–116

    Google Scholar 

  • Huber R, Bauchinger M (1990) Development and perspectives of the-human lymphocyte micronucleus assay. In: Obe G (ed) Advances in mutagenesis research, vol 1. Springer, Berlin Heidelberg New York, pp 89–104

    Google Scholar 

  • Huber R, Streng S, Bauchinger M (1983) The suitability of the human lymphocyte micronucleus assay system for biological dosimetry. Mutat Res 111: 185–193

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Huber R, Braselmann H, Bauchinger M (1989) Screening for interindividual differences in radiosensitivity by means of the micronucleus assay in human lymphocytes. Radiat Environ Biophys 28: 113–120

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Huber R, Braselmann H, Bauchinger M (1992) Intra-and inter-individual variations of background and radiation-induced micronucleus frequencies in human lymphocytes. Int J Radiat Biol 61: 655–661

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Hutter K-J, Stoehr M (1982) Rapid detection of mutagen induced micronucleated erythrocytes by flow cytometry. Histochemistry 75: 353–362

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Ikeuchi T, Weinfeld H, Sandberg AA (1972) Chromosome pulverization in micronuclei induced by tritiated thymidine. J Cell Biol 52: 97–104

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Ikushima T (1987) Chromosomal responses to ionizing radiation reminiscent of an adaptive response in cultured Chinese hamster cells. Mutat Res 180: 215–221

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Ikushima T (1989) Radio-adaptive response: characterization of a cytogenetic repair induced by low-level ionizing radiation in cultured Chinese hamster cells. Mutat Res 227: 241–246

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Ilyinskikh NN (1990) Genome instability as a consequence of DNA-repair and immune system abnormalities. Acta Biol Hung 41: 101–108

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Inouye T, Sasaki YF, Imanishi H, Watanebe M, Ohta T, Shirasu Y (1988) Suppression of mitomycin C-induced micronuclei in mouse bone marrow cells by post-treatment with vanillin. Mutat Res 202: 93–95

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Ishidate M Jr, Harnois MC, Sofuni T (1988) A comparative analysis of data on the clastogenicity of 951 chemical substances tested in mammalian cell cultures. Mutat Res 195: 151–213

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Iskandar O, Vijayalaxmi (1981) The enhancement of the effect of aflatoxin B by metabolic activation with rat-liver microsomes on human lymphocytes assayed with the micronucleus test. Mutat Res 91: 63–66

    CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Izquierdo-Enguita M, Sinues-Porta B (1989) Biomonitoring of genotoxicity induced by smoking. Hereditas 111: 201–203

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Jacky PB, Beek B, Sutherland G (1983) Fragile sites in chromosomes: possible model for the study of spontaneous chromosome breakage. Science 220: 69–70

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Jagetia GC (1990) Frequency of micronucleated cells in the mouse bone marrow after exposure to various doses of gamma-radiation. Mutat Res 230: 45–48

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Jain VK, Kalia VK, Sharma R, Maharajan V, Menon M (1985) Effects of 2-deoxy-D-glucose on glycolysis, proliferation kinetics and radiation response of human cancer cells. Int J Radiat Oncol Biol Phys 11: 943–950

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Jaylet A, Deparis P, Ferrier V, Grinfeld S, Siboulet R (1986a) A new micronucleus test using peripheral blood erythrocytes of the newt Pleurodeles waltl to detect mutagens in freshwater pollution. Mutat Res 164: 245–257

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Jaylet A, Deparis P, Gaschignard D (1986b) Induction of micronuclei in peripheral erythrocytes of axolotl larvae following in vivo exposure to mutagenic agents. Mutagenesis 1: 211–215

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Jenssen D (1975) The induction of micronuclei by frameshift mutagens in mouse erythroblasts. Mutat Res 29: 198 (Abstr)

    Google Scholar 

  • Jenssen D, Ramel C (1976) Dose response at low doses of X-irradiation and MMS on the induction of micronuclei in mouse erythroblasts. Mutat Res 41: 311–320

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Jenssen D, Ramel C (1978) Factors affecting the induction of micronuclei at low doses of X-rays, MMS and dimethylnitrosamine in mouse erythroblasts. Mutat Res 58: 51–65

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Jenssen D, Ramel C (1980) The micronucleus test as part of a short-term mutagenicity test program for the prediction of carcinogenicity evaluated by 143 agents tested. Mutat Res 75: 191–202

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Jenssen D, Ramel C, Göthe R (1974) The induction of micronuclei by frameshift mutagens at the time of nucleus expulsion in mouse erythroblasts. Mutat Res 26: 553–555

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Jolly J (1905) Sur l’évolution des globules rouges dans le sang des embryons de mammifères. C R Soc Biol 58: 593–596

    Google Scholar 

  • Jolly J (1907) Recherches sur la formation des globules rouges des mammifères. Arch Anat Microsc 9: 133–314

    Google Scholar 

  • Joshi GP, Nelson WJ, Revell SH, Shaw CA (1982a) X-ray-induced chromosome damage in live mammalian cells, and improved measurements of its effects on their colony-forming ability. Int J Radiat Biol 41: 161–181

    CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Joshi GP, Nelson WJ, Revell SH, Shaw CA (1982b) Discrimination of slow growth from non-survival among small colonies of diploid Syrian hamster cells after chromosome damage induced by a range of X-ray doses. Int J Radiat Biol 42: 283–296

    CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Kaffenberger W, Becker K, van Beuningen D (1990) Comparison of micronucleus frequencies and proliferation kinetics in three X-irradiated cell lines. Strahlenther Onkol 166:617–625

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Kamiguchi Y, Tateno H, Mikamo K (1991) Micronucleus test in 2-cell embryos as a simple assay system for human sperm chromosome aberrations. Mutat Res 252:297–303

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Kato H, Sandberg AA (1967) Chromosome pulverization in human binucleate cells following Colcemid treatment. J Cell Biol 34: 35–45

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Kato H, Sandberg AA (1968) Chromosome pulverization in human cells with micronuclei. J Natl Cancer Inst 40: 165–179

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Kaufman MH (1978) The experimental production of mammalian parthenogenetic embryos. In: Daniel JC Jr (ed) Methods in mammalian reproduction. Academic Press, New York, pp 21–47

    Google Scholar 

  • Kerekes J, Novak J, Köteles GJ (1988) Micronucleus frequency in peripheral lymphocytes for the differential diagnosis of radiation injuries combined with thermal burns. J Burn Care Rehabil 9: 275–278

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Kerr JFR, Wyllie AH, Currie AR (1972) Apoptosis: a basic biological phenomenon with wide-ranging implications in tissue kinetics. Br J Cancer 26: 239–257

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Khadzhidekova V (1989) Frequency of micronuclei in lymphocytes from in vitro gamma-irradiated human peripheral blood. Radiobiol Radiother Berl 30: 157–161

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • King M-T, Wild D (1979) Transplacental mutagenesis: the micronucleus test on fetal mouse blood. Hum Genet 51: 183–194

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • King M-T, Wild D (1983) The mutagenic potential of hyperthermia and fever in mice. Mutat Res 111: 219–226

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Kirkhart B (1981) Micronucleus test on 21 compounds. In: de Serres FJ, Ashby J (eds) Evaluation of short-term tests for carcinogens. Progress in mutation research, vol I. Elsevier, Amsterdam, pp 698–704

    Google Scholar 

  • Kliesch U, Adler ID (1980) Sensitivity comparison of chromosome analysis and micronucleus test in mouse bone marrow. Mutat Res 74: 160 (Abstr)

    Google Scholar 

  • Kliesch U, Danford N, Adler ID (1981) Micronucleus test and bone-marrow chromosome analysis; a comparison of 2 methods in vivo for evaluating chemically induced chromosomal aberrations. Mutat Res 80: 321–332

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Knuutila S, Eriksson J, Juvonen E, Kovanen R, Luotola J, Westermarck T (1985) High dietary selenium increases radiation-induced micronucleus formation in mouse bone marrow. Hereditas 102: 237–239

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Köksal G, Lloyd DC, Edwards AA, Prosser JS (1989) The dependence of the micronucleus yield in human lymphocytes on culture and cytokinesis blocking times. Radiat Protect Dosim 29: 209–212

    Google Scholar 

  • Koerting-Keiffer LE, Mickey GH (1969) Einwirkung von Koffein auf Chromosomen. Z Pflanzenzücht 61: 244–251

    Google Scholar 

  • Komar A (1973) Parthenogenetic development of mouse eggs activated by heat shock. J Reprod Fertil 35: 437–443

    Google Scholar 

  • Kormos C, Köteles GJ (1988) Micronuclei in X-irradiated human lymphocytes. Mutat Res 199: 31–35

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Kormos C, Köteles GJ (1990) Comparison of cytogenetic tests for monitoring overexposures from ionizing radiation. Acta Biol Hung 41: 115–120

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Kramer J, Schaich-Walch G, Nüsse M (1990) DNA synthesis in radiation-induced micronuclei studied by bromodeoxyuridine ( BrdUrd) labelling and anti-BrdUrd antibodies. Mutagenesis 5: 491–495

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Krauter PW, Anderson SL, Harrison FL (1987) Radiation-induced micronuclei in peripheral erythrocytes of Rana catesbeiana: an aquatic animal model for in vivo genotoxicity studies. Environ Mol Mutagen 10: 285–296

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Krogh Jensen M (1977) Cytogenetic findings in pernicious anaemia. Comparison between results obtained with chromosome studies and the micronucleus test. Mutat Res 45: 249–252

    Google Scholar 

  • Kürten S, Obe G (1975) Premature chromosome condensation in the bone marrow of Chinese hamsters after whole body irradiation with 60Co gamma rays in vivo. Humangenetik 28: 97–102

    PubMed  Google Scholar 

  • Kwan DK, Kagan AR, Norman A (1985) Relative biological effectiveness of t25I in the induction of micronuclei in human peripheral blood lymphocytes. Radiother Oncol 4: 163–166

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Labidi B, Gregoire M, Hernandez-Verdun D, Bouteille M (1985) Procedure for isolating micronuclei from rat kangaroo cultured cells containing individualized chromosomes. Eur J Cell Biol 38: 165–170

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Labidi B, Frackowiak S, Hernandez-Verdun D (1987a) Identification and sorting of micronuclei containing individual chromosomes. Exp Cell Res 173: 617–627

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Labidi B, Gregoire M, Frackowiak S, Hernandez-Verdun D, Bouteille M (1987b) RNA polymerase activity in PtK1 micronuclei containing individual chromosomes. An in vitro and in situ study. Exp Cell Res 169: 233–244

    CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Labidi B, Broders F, Meyer JL, Hernandez-Verdun D (1990) Distribution of rDNA and 28S, 18S, and 5S rRNA in micronuclei containing a single chromosome. Biochem Cell Biol 68: 957–964

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Lähdetie J (1986) Micronucleated spermatids in the seminal fluid of smokers and nonsmokers. Mutat Res 172: 255–263

    PubMed  Google Scholar 

  • Lähdetie J (1988) Induction and survival of micronuclei in rat spermatids. Comparison of two meiotic micronucleus techniques using cyclophosphamide. Mutat Res 203: 47–53

    PubMed  Google Scholar 

  • Lähdetie J, Parvinen M (1981) Meiotic micronuclei induced by X-rays in early spermatids of the rat. Mutat Res 81: 103–115

    PubMed  Google Scholar 

  • Larramendy ML, Knuutila S (1991) Increased frequency of micronuclei in B and T8 lymphocytes from smokers. Mutat Res 259: 189–195

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Lasne C, Gu ZW, Venegas W, Chouroulinkov I (1984) The in vitro micronucleus assay for detection of cytogenetic effects induced by mutagen-carcinogens: comparison with the in vitro sister-chromatid exchange assay. Mutat Res 130: 273–282

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Lavu S, Reddy PP, Reddi OS (1985) Iodine-125 induced micronuclei and sperm head abnormalities in mice. Int J Radiat Biol 47: 249–253

    CAS  Google Scholar 

  • LePecq JB, Paoletti CA (1967) A fluorescent complex between ethidium bromide and nucleic acids. J Mol Biol 27: 87–106

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Littlefield LG, Sayer AM, Frome EL (1989) Comparisons of dose-response parameters for radiation-induced acentric fragments and micronuclei observed in cytokinesis-arrested lymphocytes. Mutagenesis 4: 265–270

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Livingston GK, Gandi OP, Chatterjee I, Witt K, Roti Roti JL (1986) Reproductive integrity of mammalian cells exposed to 60 Hz electromagnetic fields. Final Report 218209, New York State Power Lines Project

    Google Scholar 

  • Lloyd DC, Edwards AA, Leonard A, Deknudt GL, Verschaeve L, Natarajan AT, Darroudi F, Obe G, Palitti F, Tanzarella C, Tawn EJ (1992) Chromosomal aberrations in human lymphocytes induced in vitro by very low doses of X-rays. Int J Radiat Biol 61: 335–343

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Longwell AC, Yerganian G (1965) Some observations on nuclear budding and nuclear extrusions in a Chinese hamster cell culture. J Natl Cancer Inst 34: 53–69

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Loomis DP, Shy CM, Allen JW, Saccomanno G (1990) Micronuclei in epithelial cells from sputum of uranium workers. Scand J Work Environ Health 16: 355–362

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Ludwików G, Stalnacke CG, Johanson KJ, Sundell-Bergman S, Richter S (1990) Microscopic and flow cytometric study of micronuclei in iododeoxyuridine labelled cells irradiated with soft X-rays. Acta Oncol 29: 761–767

    PubMed  Google Scholar 

  • Ma TH (1979) Micronuclei induced by X-rays and chemical mutagens in meiotic pollen mother cells of Tradescantia. A promising mutagen test system. Mutat Res 64: 307–313

    CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Ma TH, Anderson VA, Harris MM, Neas RE, Lee TS (1985) Mutagenicity of drinking water detected by the Tradescantia micronucleus test. Can J Genet Cytol 27: 143–150

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • MacGregor JT (1991) Micronucleus assay protocols [letter]. Mutat Res 259: 123–125

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • MacGregor JT, Wehr CM, Gould DH (1980) Clastogen-induced micronuclei in peripheral blood erythrocytes: the basis of an improved micronucleus test. Environ Mutagen 2: 509–514

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • MacGregor JT, Wehr CM, Langlois RG (1983) A simple fluorescent staining procedure for micronuclei and RNA in erythrocytes using Hoechst 33258 and pyronin Y. Mutat Res 120: 269–275

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • MacGregor JT, Heddle JA, Hite M, Margolin BH, Ramel C, Salamone MF, Tice RR, Wild D (1987) Guidelines for the conduct of micronucleus assays in mammalian bone marrow erythrocytes. Mutat Res 189: 103–112

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • MacGregor JT, Wehr CM, Henika PR, Shelby MD (1990) The in vivo erythrocyte micronucleus test: measurement at steady state increases assay efficiency and permits integration with toxicity studies. Fund Appl Toxicol 14: 513–522

    CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Mackey BE, MacGregor JT (1979) The micronucleus test: statistical design and analysis. Mutat Res 64: 195–204

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Madle S, Nowak J, Obe G (1976) Effects of inhibitors of DNA, RNA and protein synthesis on frequencies and types of premature chromosome condensation from X-ray-induced micronuclei. Hum Genet 34: 143–149

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Madle E, Korte A, Beek B (1986) Species differences in mutagenicity testing: I. Micronucleus and SCE tests in rats, mice, and Chinese hamsters with aflatoxin Bl. Teratog Carcinog Mutagen 6: 1–13

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Maier P, Schmid W (1975) The non-induction of micronuclei by quinacrine. Mutat Res 30: 299–302

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Maier P, Schmid W (1976) Ten model mutagens evaluated by the micronucleus test. Mutat Res 40: 325–338

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Mäki-Paakkanen J (1987) Chromosome aberrations, micronuclei and sister-chromatid exchanges in blood lymphocytes after occupational exposure to low levels of styrene. Mutat Res 189: 399–406

    PubMed  Google Scholar 

  • Mandard AM, Duigou F, Marnay J, Masson P, Qiu SL, Yi JS, Barrellier P, Lebigot G (1987) Analysis of the results of the micronucleus test in patients presenting upper digestive tract cancers and in non-cancerous subjects. Int J Cancer 39: 442–444

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Marshall I, Bianchi M (1983) Micronucleus induction in Vicia faba roots, Part I. Absence of dose-rate, fractionation and oxygen effect at low doses of low LET radiations. Int J Radiat Biol 44: 151–162

    Google Scholar 

  • Masunaga S, Ono K, Abe M (1991) A method for the selective measurement of the radiosensitivity of quiescent cells in solid tumors — combination of immunofluorescence staining to BrdU and micronucleus assay. Radiat Res 125: 243–247

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Matter BE, Grauwiler J (1974) Micronuclei in mouse bone-marrow cells. A simple in vivo model for the evaluation of drug-induced chromosomal aberrations. Mutat Res 23: 239–249

    CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Matter BE, Grauwiler J (1975) The micronucleus test as a simple model, in vivo, for the evaluation of drug-induced chromosome aberrations, comparative studies with 13 compounds. Mutat Res 29: 198–199

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Matter BE, Jaeger I (1975a) Premature chromosome condensation, structural chromosome aberrations, and micronuclei in early mouse embryos after treatment of paternal postmeiotic germ cells with triethylenemelamine. Possible mechanisms for chemically induced dominant-lethal mutations. Mutat Res 33: 251–260

    CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Matter BE, Jaeger I (1975b) The cytogenetic basis of dominant-lethal mutations in mice, studies with TEM, EMS, and 6-mercaptopurine. Mutat Res 46: 230 (Abstr)

    Google Scholar 

  • Matter B, Schmid W (1971) Trenimon-induced chromosomal damage in bone marrow cells of six mammalian species, evaluated by the micronucleus test. Mutat Res 12: 417–425

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Mavournin KH, Blakey DH, Cimino MC, Salamone MF, Heddle JA (1990) The in vivo micronucleus assay in mammalian bone marrow and peripheral blood. A report of the U.S. Environmental Protection Agency Gene-Tox Program. Mutat Res 239: 29–80

    CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Midander J (1982) Oxygen enhancement ratios for glutathione deficient human fibroblasts determined from the frequency of radiation induced micronuclei. Int J Radiat Biol 42: 195–198

    CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Midander J, Révész L (1980) The frequency of micronuclei as a measure of cell survival in irradiated cell populations. Int J Radiat Biol 38: 237–242

    CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Migliore L, Nieri M, Amodio S, Loprieno N (1989) The human lymphocyte micronucleus assay: a comparison between whole-blood and separated lymphocyte cultures. Mutat Res 227: 167–172

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Mihalache D, Stefanescu DT, Motoiu I, Constantiniu L, Costache A, Dumitrescu A (1989) Micronucleus test applied in patients with acute leukemia, before and at different intervals during the cytostatic treatment. Morphol Embryol Bucur 35: 209–215

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Miller BM, Adler ID (1990) Application of antikinetochore antibody staining ( CREST staining) to micronuclei in erythrocytes induced in vivo. Mutagenesis 5: 411–415

    CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Mirkova E, Ashby J (1987) Relative distribution of mature erythrocytes, polychromatic erythrocytes (PE) and micronucleated PE on mouse bone-marrow smears: control observations. Mutat Res 182: 203–209

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Mitchell deG, Brice AJ (1986) Investigations into parametric analysis of data from in vivo micronucleus assays by comparison with non-parametric methods. Mutat Res 159: 139–146

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Mitchell IdeG, Carlton JB, Gilbert PJ (1988) The detection and importance of outliers in the in vivo micronucleus assay. Mutagenesis 3: 491–495

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Mitchell JC, Norman A (1987) The induction of micronuclei in human lymphocytes by low doses of radiation. Int J Radiat Biol 52: 527–535

    CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Mohtashamipur E, Norpoth K, Straeter H (1987) Clastogenic effect of passive smoking on bone marrow polychromatic erythrocytes of NMRI mice. Toxicol Lett 35: 153–156

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Mohtashamipur E, Steinforth T, Norpoth K (1988) Comparative bone marrow clastogenicity of cigarette sidestream, mainstream and recombined smoke condensates in mice. Mutagenesis 3: 419–422

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Molls M, Streffer C (1984) The influence of G2 progression on X-ray sensitivity of two-cell mouse embryos. Int J Radiat Biol 46: 355–365

    CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Molls M, Streffer C, Zamboglou N (1981) Micronucleus formation in preimplanted mouse embryos cultured in vitro after irradiation with X-rays and neutrons. Int J Radiat Biol 39: 307–314

    CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Molls M, Weißenborn U, Streffer C (1982) Bestrahlung von Mäuseembryonen des Pronukleusund 2-Zell-Stadiums: die Abhängigkeit der Mikronukleusbildung and Zellvermehrung von DNA-Gehalt and Zellzyklusphase. Strahlentherapie 158: 504–512

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Morimoto K, Kitamura M, Kondo H, Koizumi A (1986) Genotoxicity of diesel exhaust emissions in a battery of in-vitro short-term and in-vivo bioassays. Dev Toxicol Environ Sci 13: 85–101

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Moroi Y, Peebles C, Fritzler MJ, Steigerwald J, Tan EM (1980) Autoantibody to centromere (kinetochore) in scleroderma sera. Proc Natl Acad Sci 77: 1627–1631

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Moses SA, Christie AF, Bryant PE (1990) Clastogenicity of PvuII and Eco RI in electroporated CHO cells assayed by metaphase chromosomal aberrations and by micronuclei using the cytokinesis-block technique. Mutagenesis 5: 599–603

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Muller L (1988) Micronucleus induction in mouse and rat fetuses treated transplacentally during histogenesis with mitomycin C and 7,12-dimethylbenz(a)anthracene. Teratog Carcinog Mutagen 8: 303–313

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Müller W-U (1989) Toxicity of various combinations of X-rays, caffeine, and mercury in mouse embryos. Int J Radiat Biol 56: 315–323

    PubMed  Google Scholar 

  • Müller W-U, Streffer C (1984) Distribution of micronuclei among single cells of pre-implantation mouse embryos after X-irradiation in vitro. Mutat Res 125: 65–70

    PubMed  Google Scholar 

  • Müller W-U, Streffer C (1986) Change in frequency of radiation induced micronuclei during interphase of four-cell mouse embryos in vitro. Radiat Environ Biophys 25: 195–199

    PubMed  Google Scholar 

  • Müller W-U, Streffer C (1991) Biological indicators for radiation damage. Int J Radiat Biol 59: 863–873

    PubMed  Google Scholar 

  • Müller D, Langauer M, Rathenberg R, Strasser FF, Hess R (1972) Mikrokerntest sowie Chromosomenutersuchung an somatischen and gonosomalen Zellen des Chinesischen Hamsters nach Cyclophosphamidgabe. Verh Dtsch Ges Pathol 56: 381–384

    PubMed  Google Scholar 

  • Müller W-U, Streffer C, Zamboglou N (1981) Effects of a combined treatment with X-rays and phenols on preimplantation mouse embryos in vitro. Radiat Environ Biophys 19: 247–258

    PubMed  Google Scholar 

  • Müller W-U, Streffer C, Fischer C (1982a) Combined treatment of preimplantation mouse embryos in vitro with sodium nutrite and X-rays. Radiat Environ Biophys 20: 187–194

    PubMed  Google Scholar 

  • Müller W-U, Streffer C, Kaiser U (1982b) The combined treatment of preimplantation mouse embryos in vitro with cadmium (CdSO4, CdF2) and X-rays. Arch Toxicol 51: 303–312

    Google Scholar 

  • Müller W-U, Streffer C, Wurm R (1985a) Supraadditive formation of micronuclei in preimplantation mouse embryos in vitro after combined treatment with X-rays and caffeine. Teratog Carcinog Mutagen 5: 123–131

    PubMed  Google Scholar 

  • Müller W-U, Streffer C, Fischer-Lando C (1985b) Enhancement of radiation effects by mercury in preimplantation mouse embryos in vitro. Arch Toxicol 57: 114–118

    PubMed  Google Scholar 

  • Müller W-U, Streffer C, Fischer-Lando C (1986) Toxicity of sodium arsenite in mouse embryos in vitro and its influence on radiation risk. Arch Toxicol 59: 172–175

    PubMed  Google Scholar 

  • Müller W-U, Streffer C, Markoski L (1987) Does tributyl phosphate influence the radiation risk of a highly proliferating system — the early mouse embryo in vitro? Health Phys 53: 667–671

    PubMed  Google Scholar 

  • Müller W-U, Schlusen I, Streffer C (1991) Direct evidence that radiation induced micronuclei of early embryos require a mitosis for expression. Radiat Environ Biophys 30: 117–122

    PubMed  Google Scholar 

  • Munoz N, Hayashi M, Bang LJ, Wahrendorf J, Crespi M, Bosch FX (1987) Effect of riboflavin, retinol, and zinc on micronuclei of buccal mucosa and of esophagus: a randomized double-blind intervention study in China. J Natl Cancer Inst 79: 687–691

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Murray D, Prager A, Altschuler EM, Brock WA (1991) Effect of thiols on micronucleus frequency in gamma-irradiated mammalian cells. Mutat Res 247: 167–173

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Mutation Research (1990) Serial versus single dosing protocols for the rodent bone-marrow micronucleus assay. Mutat Res 234: 111–261

    Google Scholar 

  • Nair U, Obe G, Nair J, Maru GB, Bhide SV, Pieper R, Bartsch H (1991) Evaluation of frequency of micronucleated oral mucosa cells as a marker for genotoxic damage in chewers of betel quid with or without tobacco. Mutat Res 261: 163–168

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Narod SA, Neri L, Risch HA, Raman S (1988) Lymphocyte micronuclei and sister chromatid exchanges among Canadian federal laboratory employees. Am J Ind Med 14: 449–456

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Nassi L, Epe B, Schiffmann D, Adam W, Beinhauer A, Griesbeck A (1987) Induction of morphological transformation and micronuclei in Syrian hamster embryo fibroblasts by 1,2-dioxetanes. Correlation with single-strand breaks in HL-60 cells. Carcinogenesis 8: 947–953

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Natarajan AT, Obe G (1980) Screening of human populations for mutations induced by environmental pollutants: use of human lymphocyte system. Ecotoxicol Environ Safety 4: 468–481

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Natarajan AT, Zwanenburg TSB (1982) Mechanisms for chromosomal aberrations in mammalian cells. Mutat Res 95: 1–6

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Natarajan AT, Darroudi F, Mullenders LHF, Meijers M (1986) The nature and repair of DNA lesions that lead to chromosomal aberrations induced by ionizing radiations. Mutat Res 160: 231–236

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Nesnow S, Argus M, Bergman H, Chu K, Frith C, Helmes T, McGaughy R, Ray V, Slaga TJ, Tennant R, Weisburger E (1986) Chemical carcinogens. A review and analysis of the literature of selected chemicals and the establishment of the gene-tox carcinogen data base. Mutat Res 185: 1–195

    Google Scholar 

  • Nito S, Kondo Y, Ono T, Ariyuki F (1986) In vitro micronucleus method with erythropoietindifferentiated erythrocytes. Mutat Res 175: 243–247

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Nito S, Ariyuki F, Okaniwa A (1988) Spontaneous expulsion of micronuclei by enucleation in the micronucleus assay. Mutat Res 207: 185–192

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Nordenson I, Beckman L (1984) Chromosomal aberrations in lymphocytes of workers exposed to low levels of styrene. Hum Hered 34: 178–182

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Nordenson I, Mild KH, Östman U, Ljungberg H (1988) Chromosomal effects in lymphocytes of 400 kV-substation workers. Radiat Environ Biophys 27: 39–47

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Nordic Study Group on the Health Risk of Chromosome Damage (1990) A Nordic data base on somatic chromosome damage in humans. Mutat Res 241: 325–337

    Google Scholar 

  • Norman A, Adams FH, Riley RF (1978) Cytogenetic effects of contrast media and triiodobenzoic acid derivatives in human lymphocytes. Radiology 129:199–203

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Norman A, Cochran S, Bass D, Roe D (1984) Effects of age, sex and diagnostic X-rays on chromosome damage. Int J Radiat Biol 46:317–321

    CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Norman A, Bass D, Roe D (1985) Screening human populations for chromosome aberrations. Mutat Res 143: 155–160

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Norman A, McBride WH, Bennett LR, Santos-Mello R, Iwamoto K, Hidmi H (1988) Postirradiation protection of chromosomes by linoleate. Int J Radiat Biol 54: 521–524

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Norppa H, Vainio H, Sorsa M (1983) Metabolic activation of styrene by erythrocytes detected as increased sister chromatid exchanges in cultured human lymphocytes. Cancer Res 43: 3579–3582

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Norppa H, Hayashi M, Mäki-Paakkanen J, Sorsa M (1990) The micronucleus assay in lymphocytes. In: Mendelsohn ML, Albertini RJ (eds) Mutation and the environment, Part B: Metabolism, testing methods, and chromosomes. Progress in clinical and biological research, vol 340B. Wiley-Liss, New York, pp 207–216

    Google Scholar 

  • Nüsse M, Kramer J (1984) Flow cytometric analysis of micronuclei found in cells after irradiation. Cytometry 5: 20–25

    PubMed  Google Scholar 

  • Nüsse M, Krämer M, Viaggi S, Bartsch A, Bonatti S (1987) Antikinetochore antibodies and flow karyotyping: new techniques to detect aneuploidy in mammalian cells induced by ionizing radiation and chemicals. Molec Toxicol 1: 393–405

    Google Scholar 

  • Nüsse M, Viaggi S, Bonatti S (1989) Induction of kinetochore positive and negative micronuclei in V79 cells by the alkylating agent diethylsulfate. Mutagenesis 4: 174–178

    PubMed  Google Scholar 

  • Nüsse M, Recknagel S, Beisker W (1992) Micronuclei induced by 2-chlorobenzylidene malonitrile contain single chromosomes as demonstrated by the combined use of flow cytometry and immunofluorescent staining with anti-kinetochore antibodies. Mutagenesis 7: 57–67

    PubMed  Google Scholar 

  • Obe G, Anderson D (1987) Genetic effects of ethanol. International Commission for Protection against Environmental Mutagens and Carcinogens. ICPEMC Working Paper No. 15/1. Mutat Res 186: 177–200

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Obe G, Beek B (1975) The human leukocyte test system VII. Further investigations concerning micronucleus-derived premature chromosome condensation. Humangenetik 30: 143–154

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Obe G, Beek B (1982) Premature chromosome condensation in micronuclei. In: Rao PN, Johnson RT, Sperling K (eds) Premature chromosome condensation, application in basic clinical and mutational research. Academic Press, New York, pp 113–130

    Google Scholar 

  • Obe G, Beek B, Vaidya VG (1975a) The human leukocyte system III. Premature chromosome condensation from chemically and X-ray induced micronuclei. Mutat Res 27:89–101

    Google Scholar 

  • Obe G, Lüdcke JBP, Waldenmaier K, Sperling K (1975b) Premature chromosome condensation in a case of Fanconi’s anemia. Humangenetik 28: 159–162

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Obe G, Ristow H, Herha J (1979) Effect of ethanol on chromosomal structure and function. In: Majchrowicz E, Noble EP (eds) Biochemistry and pharmacology of ethanol, vol I. Plenum Press, New York, pp 659–676

    Google Scholar 

  • Obe G, Vogt H-J, Madle S, Fahning A, Heller WD (1982a) Doubleblind study on the effect of cigarette smoking on the chromosomes of human peripheral blood lymphocytes in vivo. Mutat Res 92: 309–319

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Obe G, Natarajan AT, Palitti F (1982b) Role of double-strand breaks in the formation of radiation-induced chromosomal aberrations. In: Natarajan AI, Obe G, Altman H (eds) DNA repair, chromosome alterations and chromosome structure; Progress in mutation research, vol 4. Elsevier, Amsterdam, pp 1–9

    Google Scholar 

  • Odagiri Y, Dempsey JL, Morley AA (1990) Damage to lymphocytes by X-ray and bleomycin measured with the cytokinesis-block micronucleus technique. Mutat Res 237: 147–152

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Olinici CD, Mustea I (1978) Effect of misonidazole (Ro-07–0582) on the incidence of micronuclei in irradiated Ehrlich tumour ascites cells. Int J Radiat Biol 34: 589–593

    CAS  Google Scholar 

  • O’Neill FJ (1974) Complex chromosome aberrations in continuous mammalian cell lines. Chromosoma 47: 453–462

    PubMed  Google Scholar 

  • O’Neill FJ, Rapp F (1971) Premature chromosome condensation in hamster cells treated with cytochalasin B. Exp Cell Res 70: 226–229

    Google Scholar 

  • Ong T, Whong WZ, Xu J, Burchell B, Green FH, Lewis T (1985) Genotoxicity studies of rodents exposed to coal dust and diesel emission particulates. Environ Res 37: 399–409

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Ono K, Wandl E, Tsutsui K, Sasai K, Abe M (1989a) The correlation between cell survival curve and dose response curve of micronucleus ( MN) frequency. Strahlenther Onkol 165: 824–827

    CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Ono K, Fushiki M, Nagata Y, Tsutsui K, Sasai K, Takahashi M, Abe M (1989b) Combined effects of radiation and IUdR on experimental liver tumors and hepatocytes. Strahlenther Onkol 165: 688–692

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Ono K, Nagata Y, Akuta K, Abe M, Ando K, Koike S (1990) Frequency of micronuclei in hepatocytes following X and fast-neutron irradiations — an analysis by a linear-quadratic model. Radiat Res 123: 345–347

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Ornaghi F, Giavini E (1989) Induction of micronuclei in pre-implantation rat embryos in vivo. Mutat Res 225: 71–74

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Osanto S, Thijssen JC, Woldering VM, van Rijn JL, Natarajan AT, Tates AD (1991) Increased frequency of chromosomal damage in peripheral blood lymphocytes up to nine years following curative chemotherapy of patients with testicular carcinoma. Environ Mol Mutagen 17: 71–78

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Pampfer S, Streffer C (1989) Increased chromosome aberration levels in cells from mouse fetuses after zygote X-irradiation. Int J Radiat Biol 55: 85–92

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Pampfer S, Streffer C, Müller W-U (1989) Micronucleus formation in 2-cell embryos after in vitro X-irradiation of mouse spermatozoa. Mutat Res 210: 191–196

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Pampfer S, Müller W-U, Streffer C (1992) Preimplantation growth delay and micronucleus formation after in vivo exposure of mouse zygotes to fast neutrons. Radiat Res 129:88–95

    CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Parton JW, Garriott ML, Beyers JE (1991) Expulsion of demecolcine-induced micronuclei from mouse bone marrow polychromatic erythrocytes. Environ Mol Mutagen 17: 79–83

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Parvez Z, Kormano M, Moncada R, Eklund R (1986) Contrast media-induced chromosomal damage in human lymphocyte cultures. Invest Radiol 21:864–869

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Parvez Z, Kormano M, Satokari K, Moncada R, Eklund R (1987) Induction of mitotic micronuclei by X-ray contrast media in human peripheral lymphocytes. Mutat Res 188: 233–239

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Parvinen M, Landetie J, Parvinen LM (1984) Toxic and mutagenic influences on spermatogenesis. Arch Toxicol Suppl 7: 128–139

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Pascoe S, Gatehouse D (1986) The use of a simple haematoxylin and eosin staining procedure to demonstrate micronuclei within rodent bone marrow. Mutat Res 164: 237–243

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Pascoe SA, Stemp G (1990) A modified method and staining technique for the in vitro micronucleus test in human lymphocytes using cytochalasin B. Mutat Res 234:253–255

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Peters LJ, Hopwood LE, Withers HR, Suit HD (1984) Predictive assays of tumor radiocurability. Cancer Treat Symp 1: 67–74

    Google Scholar 

  • Peters LJ, Brock W, Johnson T (1985) Predicting radiocurability. Cancer 55: 2118–2122

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Peters LJ, Brock WA, Chapman JD, Wilson G (1988) Predictive assays of tumorradiocurability. Am J Clin Oncol 11: 275–287

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Phillips SG, Phillips DM (1969) Sites of nucleolus production in cultured Chinese hamster cells. J Cell Biol 40: 248–268

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Phillips SG, Phillips DM (1979) Nucleolus-like bodies in micronuclei of cultured Xenopus cells. Exp Cell Res 120: 295–306

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Picker JD, Fox DP (1986) Do curried foods produce micronuclei in buccal epithelial cells? Mutat Res 171: 185–188

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Pincu M, Bass D, Norman A (1984) An improved micronuclear assay in lymphocytes. Mutat Res 139: 61–65

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Pincu M, Callisen H, Norman A (1985) DNA content of micronuclei in human lymphocytes. Int J Radiat Biol 47: 423–432

    CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Popp R, Schimmer 0 (1991) Induction of sister-chromatid exchanges (SCE), polyploidy, and micronuclei by plant flavonoids in human lymphocyte cultures. A comparative study of 19 flavonoids. Mutat Res 246: 205–213

    CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Porter AJ, Singh SM (1988) Transplacental teratogenesis and mutagenesis in mouse fetuses treated with cyclophosphamide. Teratog Carcinog Mutagen 8: 191–203

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Potten CS (1977) Extreme sensitivity of small intestinal crypt cells to X- and gamma-irradiation. Nature 269: 518–521

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Prosser JS, Moguet JE, Lloyd DC, Edwards AA (1988) Radiation induction of micronuclei in human lymphocytes. Mutat Res 199: 37–45

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Purchase IFH, Clayson DB, Preussmann R, Tomatis L (1981a) Activity of 42 compounds in animal carcinogenicity studies. In: de Serres FJ, Ashby J (eds) Evaluation of short-term tests for carcinogens. Progress in mutation research, vol I. Elsevier, Amsterdam, pp 21–32

    Google Scholar 

  • Purchase IFH, Ray V, Heddle J, Kirkhart B, Latt SA, Salamone M, Topham J, Tsuchimoto T, Valencia R, Vogel EM, Wurgler FE, Wyrobek A (1981b) Summary report on the performance of in vivo assays. In: de Serres FJ, Ashby J (eds) Evaluation of short-term tests for carcinogens. Progress in mutation research, vol I. Elsevier, Amsterdam, pp 86–95

    Google Scholar 

  • Pylkkanen L, Salonen I (1987) Concomitant mutagenicity of ethanol and X-ray irradiation in the mouse male germ cells. Alcohol 4: 401–404

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Raj AS, Heddle JA (1980) The effect of superoxide dismutase, catalase and L-cysteine on spontaneous and on mitomycin C induced chromosomal breakage in Fanconi’s anemia and normal fibroblasts as measured by the micronucleus method. Mutat Res 78: 59–66

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Raj AS, Katz M (1984) Corn oil and its minor constituents as inhibitors of DMBA-induced chromosomal breaks in vivo. Mutat Res 136: 247–253

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Raj AS, Katz M (1985) Beta-carotene as an inhibitor of benzo(a)pyrene and mitomycin C-induced chromosomal breaks in the bone marrow of mice. Can J Genet Cytol 27: 598–602

    CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Ramalho A, Sunjevaric I, Natarajan AT (1988) Use of the frequencies of micronuclei as quantitative indicators of X-ray-induced chromosomal aberrations in human peripheral blood lymphocytes: comparison of two methods. Mutat Res 207: 141–146

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Read J, Kihlman BA (1956) Comparison of 8-ethoxycaffeine and X-rays on the cytology and growth of roots of Vicia faba. Hereditas 42: 487–507

    Google Scholar 

  • Reali D, Di-Marino F, Bahramandpour S, Carducci A, Barale R, Loprieno N (1987) Micronuclei in exfoliated urothelial cells and urine mutagenicity in smokers. Mutat Res 192: 145–149

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Reddy MM, Goh KO, Hempelmann LH (1980) Induction of micronuclei in PHA-stimulated human lymphocyte cultures by therapeutic radiation. Experientia 36: 343–344

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Ren L, Yang JP, Zhang HX (1991) Use of the cytokinesis-block micronucleus method in mouse splenocytes. Mutat Res 262: 119–124

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Rimoldi D, Miller AC, Freeman SE, Samid D (1991) DNA damage in cultured human skin fibroblasts exposed to excimer laser radiation. J Invest Dermatol 96: 898–902

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Rithidech K, Au WW, Ramanujam VM, Whorton EB Jr, Legator MS (1988) Persistence of micronuclei in peripheral blood normochromatic erythrocytes of subchronically benzene-treated male mice. Environ Mol Mutagen 12: 319–329

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Rizzoni M, Vitagliano E, Marconi MC, Sottili A, Gustavino B (1987) Micronucleus induction by low doses of X-rays in Vicia faba root tips. Mutat Res 176: 205–209

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Roberts CJ, Morgan GR, Holt PD (1986) A critical comparison of the micronucleus yield from high and low LET irradiation of plateau-phase cell populations. Mutat Res 160:237–242

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Rofstad EK, Falkvoll KH, Oftedal P (1984) Micronucleus formation in human melanoma xenografts following exposure to hyperthermia. Radiat Environ Biophys 23:51–60

    Google Scholar 

  • Romagna F, Staniforth CD (1989) The automated bone marrow micronucleus test. Mutat Res 213:91–104

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Ronen A, Heddle JA (1984) Site-specific induction of nuclear anomalies (apoptotic bodies and micronuclei) by carcinogens in mice. Cancer Res 44: 1536–1540

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Roser M, Frenzer S, Schmidt-Preuss U, Reimers U, Weichenthal M, Breitbart EW, Rüdiger HW (1989) Chromosomale Instabilität bei Patienten mit malignem Melanom der Haut. Onkologie 12: 286–290

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Rosin MP, German J (1985) Evidence for chromosome instability in vivo in Bloom syndrome: increased numbers of micronuclei in exfoliated cells. Hum Genet 71:187–191

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Rosin MP, Ochs HD (1986) In vivo chromosomal instability in ataxia-telangiectasia homozygotes and heterozygotes. Hum Genet 74:335–340

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Rosin MP, Dunn BP, Stich HF (1987) Use of intermediate endpoints in quantitating the response of precancerous lesions to chemopreventive agents. Can J Physiol Pharmacol 65: 483–487

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Rosin MP, Ochs HD, Gatti RA, Boder E (1989) Heterogeneity of chromosomal breakage levels in epithelial tissue of ataxia-telangiectasia homozygotes and heterozygotes. Hum Genet 83: 133–138

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Rudd NL, Hoar DI, Martin RH, Kemp D, Dimnik L (1984) Factors distinguishing couples at risk for nondisjunction. Can J Genet Cytol 26: 595–606

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Rudd NL, Hoar DI, Greentree CL, Dimnik LS, Hennig UG (1988) Micronucleus assay in human fibroblasts: a measure of spontaneous chromosomal instability and mutagen hypersensitivity. Environ Mol Mutagen 12: 3–13

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Rudd NL, Hoar DI, Williams SE, Hennig UG (1989) Genotype and the cryopreservation process affect the levels of aneuploidy and chromosome breakage in cultured human fibroblasts. Genome 32: 196–202

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Russell LB (1962) Chromosome aberrations in experimental mammals. In: Steinberg AG, Beam AG (eds) Progress in medical genetics, vol 2. Grune and Stratton, New York, pp 230–294

    Google Scholar 

  • Saito H, Berger T, Mishell DR Jr, Marrs RP (1984a) The effect of serum fractions on embryo growth. Fertil Steril 41: 761–765

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Saito H, Berger T, Mishell DR Jr, Marrs RP (1984b) Effect of variable concentration of serum on mouse embryo development. Fertil Steril 41: 460–464

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Salamone MF, Heddle JA (1983) The bone marrow micronucleus assay: Rationale for a revised protocol. In: de Serres FJ, Hollaender A (eds) Chemical mutagens, principles and methods for their detection, vol 8. Plenum Press, New York, pp 111–151

    Google Scholar 

  • Salamone M, Heddle J, Stuart E, Katz M (1980) Towards an improved micronucleus test. Studies on 3 model agents, mitomycin C, cyclophosphamide and dimethylbenzanthracene. Mutat Res 74: 347–356

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Salamone MF, Heddle JA, Katz M (1981) Mutagenic activity of 41 compounds in the in vivo micronucleus assay. In: de Serres FJ, Ashby J (eds) Evaluation of short-term tests for carcinogens. Progress in mutation research, vol I. Elsevier, Amsterdam, pp 686–697

    Google Scholar 

  • Salassidis K, Huber R, Zitzelsberger H, Bauchinger M (1992) Centromere detection in vinblastine-and radiation-induced micronuclei of cytokinesis-blocked mouse cells by using in situ hybridization with a mouse gamma (major) satellite DNA probe. Environm Mol Mutagen 19: 1–6

    CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Sandberg AA (1983) A chromosomal hypothesis of oncogenesis. Cancer Genet Cytogenet 8: 277–285

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Sarto F, Finotto S, Giacomelli L, Mazzotti D, Tomanin R, Levis AG (1987) The micronucleus assay in exfoliated cells of the human buccal mucosa. Mutagenesis 2: 11–17

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Sasaki MS, Norman A (1967) Selection against chromosome aberrations in human lymphocytes. Nature 214: 502–503

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Sathananthan AH, Trounson A, Freeman L (1987) Morphology and fertilizability of frozen human oocytes. Gamete Res 16: 343–354

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Sathananthan AH, Ng SC, Trounson AO, Bongso A, Ratnam SS, Ho J, Mok H, Lee MN (1988) The effects of ultrarapid freezing on meiotic and mitotic spindles of mouse oocytes and embryos. Gamete Res 21: 385–401

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Sathananthan H, Bongso A, Ng SC, Ho J, Mok H, Ratnam S (1990) Ultrastructure of preimplantation human embryos co-cultured with human ampullary cells. Hum Reprod 5: 309–318

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Savage JRK (1988) A comment on the quantitative and qualitative relationship between micronuclei and chromosomal aberrations. Mutat Res 207: 33–36

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Savage JRK (1989) Acentric chromosomal fragments and micronuclei: the time-displacement factor. Mutat Res 225: 171–17

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Sayer AM, Littlefield LG, Frome EL, Kholeif SF, Ismail SR (1988) Dose response parameters for X-ray-induced micronuclei in cytokinesis-blocked human lymphocytes. Environ Mol Mutagen 11: 91 (Abstr)

    Google Scholar 

  • Scappaticci S, Cerimele D, Tondi M, Vivarelli R, Fois A, Fraccaro M (1988) Chromosome abnormalities in tuberous sclerosis. Hum Genet 79: 151–156

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Scarfi MR, Cossarizza A, Monti D, Bersani F, Zannotti M, Lioi MB, Franceschi C (1990) Age-related increase of mitomycin C-induced micronuclei in lymphocytes from Down’s syndrome subjects. Mutat Res 237: 247–252

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Scarfi MR, Bersani F, Cossarizza A, Monti D, Castellani G, Cadossi R, Franceschetti G, Franceschi C (1991) Spontaneous and mitomycin-C-induced micronuclei in human lymphocytes exposed to extremely low frequency pulsed magnetic fields. Biochem Biophys Res Commun 176: 194–200

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Schaeffer DJ, Kerster HW (1987) Estimating mutagen mass in indeterminate mixtures: micronuclei in Tradescantia. Ecotoxicol Environ Safety 14: 30–37

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Schlegel R, MacGregor JT (1982) The persistence of micronuclei in peripheral blood erythrocytes: detection of chronic chromosome breakage in mice. Mutat Res 104: 367–369

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Schlegel R, MacGregor JT (1983) A rapid screen for cumulative chromosomal damage in mice: accumulation of circulating micronucleated erythocytes. Mutat Res 113: 481–487

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Schlegel R, MacGregor JT (1984) The persistence of micronucleated erythrocytes in the peripheral circulation of normal and splenectomized Fischer 344 rats: implications for cytogenetic screening. Mutat Res 127: 169–174

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Schmid G, Pfitzer P (1985) Mitoses and binucleated cells in perinatal human hearts. Virchows Arch B 48: 59–67

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Schmid W (1975) The micronucleus test. Mutat Res 31: 9–15

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Schmid W (1976) The micronucleus test for cytogenetic analysis. In: Hollaender A (ed) Chemical mutagens, principles and methods for their detection, vol 4, Plenum Press, New York, pp 31–53

    Google Scholar 

  • Schmid W (1982) The micronucleus test: An in vivo bone marrow method. In: Hsu TC (ed) Cytogenetic assays of environmental mutagens. Allenheld, Osmun + Co, Totowa, NJ, pp 221–229

    Google Scholar 

  • Schmidt-Preuss U, Roser M, Weichenthal M, Rüdiger HW (1990) Elevated frequencies of micronuclei in cultured fibroblasts after freezing and thawing. Mutat Res 241:279–282

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Schmuck G, Lieb G, Wild D, Schiffmann D, Henschler D (1988) Characterization of an in vitro micronucleus assay with Syrian hamster embryo fibroblasts. Mutat Res 203:397–404

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Schreiber GA, Beisker W, Bauchinger M, Nüsse M (1992) Multiparametric flow cytometric analysis of radiation-induced micronuclei in mammalian cell cultures. Cytometry 13:90

    Google Scholar 

  • Schreinemachers DM, Everson RB (1991) Effect of residual splenic function and folate levels on the frequency of micronucleated red blood cells in splenectomized humans. Mutat Res 263: 63–67

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Scott BR (1991) Hazard functions for estimating whole-body doses of ionizing radiation from chromosomal damage. Rad Protect Dosim 37: 103–109

    Google Scholar 

  • Seiler JP (1976) The mutagenicity of benzimidazole and benzimidazole derivatives. VI. Cytogenetic effects of benzimidazole derivatives in the bone marrow of the mouse and the Chinese hamster. Mutat Res 40: 339–347

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Sekiguchi T, Shelton K, Ringertz NR (1978) DNA content of microcells prepared from rat kangaroo and mouse cells. Exp Cell Res 113: 247–258

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Selig C, Schlegelmilch R, Wolf HU (1990) Development of a method to increase the proportion of polychromatic erythrocytes from mouse bone marrow for more rapid evaluation of the micronucleus assay. Comparison with the conventional method with respect to micronucleus frequency and time required for preparation and evaluation. Mutat Res 234: 23–30

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Sen S, Hittelman WN, Teeter LD, Kuo MT (1989) Model for the formation of double minutes from prematurely condensed chromosomes of replicating micronuclei in drug-treated Chinese hamster ovary cells undergoing DNA amplification. Cancer Res 49:6731–6737

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Shelby MD (1987) The genetic toxicity of human carcinogens and its implications The mouse bone-marrow micronucleus assay protocol. Mutat Res 189:187

    Google Scholar 

  • Shelby MD (1988) The genetic toxicity of human carcinogens and its implications. Mutat Res 204:3–15

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Shelby MD, Purchase IFH (1981) Assay systems and criteria for their comparisons. In: de Serres FJ, Ashby J (eds) Evaluation of short-term-tests for carcinogens. Progress in mutation research, vol I. Elsevier, Amsterdam, pp 16–20

    Google Scholar 

  • Shibamoto Y, Streffer C, Fuhrmann C, Budach V (1991) Tumor radiosensitivity prediction by the cytokinesis-block micronucleus assay. Radiat Res 128: 293–300

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Shidnia H, Crabtree W, Hornback N, Young P, Hartson M, Shen RN (1990) Micronuclei assay a predictive variable for tumor response to treatment. Adv Exp Med Biol 267:51–55

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Shimizu M, Yano E (1987) Mutagenicity of instant coffee and its interaction with dimethylnitrosamine in the micronucleus test. Mutat Res 189:307–311

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Singh SM, Toles JF, Reaume J (1986) Genotype-and age-associated in vivo cytogenetic alterations following mutagenic exposures in mice. Can J Genet Cytol 28:286–93

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Slavutsky I, Knuutila S (1989) Micronucleus formation in different lymphocyte subpopulations in peplomycin-treated and control cultures. Mutat Res 219:257–261

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Snedecor GW, Cochran WG (1967) Statistical methods, 6th edn. Iowa State Press, Ames, IO

    Google Scholar 

  • Sorsa M, Pyy L, Salomaa S, Nylund L, Yager JW (1988) Biological and environmental monitoring of occupational exposure to cyclophosphamide in industry and hospitals. Mutat Res 204: 465–479

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Sorsa M, Ojajarvi A, Salomaa S (1990) Cytogenetic surveillance of workers exposed to genotoxic chemicals: preliminary experience from a prospective cancer study in a cytogenetic cohort. Teratogen Carcinog Mutagen 10:215–221

    CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Sperling K, Rao PN (1974) The phenomenon of premature chromosome condensation: its relevance to basic and applied research. Humangenetik 23: 235–258

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Stap J, Aten JA (1990) Comparison of radiation sensitivity for three cell lines as measured by the cloning assay and the micro-nucleus test. Strahlenther Onkol 166:761–763

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Steinheider G, Neth R, Marquardt H (1985) Evaluation of nongenotoxic and genotoxic factors modulating the frequency of micronucleated erythrocytes in the peripheral blood of mice. Cell Biol Toxicol 1:197–211

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Stenstrand K (1985) Effects of ionizing radiation on chromosome aberrations, sister chromatid exchanges and micronuclei in lymphocytes of smokers and nonsmokers. Hereditas 102: 7176

    Google Scholar 

  • Stenstrand K, Larsen JK, Wulf HC, Lange-Wantzin G (1987) Effects of 254 nm UV irradiation of human lymphocytes in vitro studied on chromosomes, cell cycle phase distribution and cell surface antigens. Photodermatol 4: 36–42

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Sternes KL, Vig BK (1989) Micronuclei, kinetochores and hypoploidy: Tests with some agents. Mutagenesis 4: 425–431

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Stich HF (1987) Micronucleated exfoliated cells as indicators for genotoxic damage and as markers in chemoprevention trials. J Nutr Growth Cancer 4: 9–18

    CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Stich HF, Rosin MP (1984) Micronuclei in exfoliated human cells as a tool for studies in cancer risk and cancer intervention. Cancer Lett 22: 241–253

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Stich HF, Rosin MP (1985) Towards a more comprehensive evaluation of a genotoxic hazard in man. Mutat Res 150: 43–50

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Stich HF, Curtis JR, Parida BB (1982a) Application of the micronucleus test to exfoliated cells of high cancer risk groups: tobacco chewers. Int J Cancer 30: 553–559

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Stich HF, Curtis JR, Parida BB (1982b) Elevated frequency of micronucleated cells in the buccal mucosa of individuals at high risk for oral cancer: betel quid chewers. Cancer Lett 17: 125–134

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Stich HF, Stich W, Rosin MP, Vallejera MO (1984) Use of the micronucleus test to monitor the effect of vitamin A, beta-carotene and canthaxanthin on the buccal mucosa of betel nut/tobacco chewers. Int J Cancer 34: 745–750

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Stich HF, Stich W, Rosin MP (1985) The micronucleus test on exfoliated human cells. Basic Life Sci 34: 337–342

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Stich HF, Rosin MP, Brunnemann KD (1986) Oral lesions, genotoxicity and nitrosamines in betel quid chewers with no obvious increase in oral cancer risk. Cancer Lett 31: 15–25

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Stich HF, Rosin MP, Hornby AP, Mathew B, Sankaranarayanan R, Nair MK (1988) Remission of oral leukoplakias and micronuclei in tobacco/betel quid chewers treated with beta-carotene and with beta-carotene plus vitamin A. int J Cancer 42: 195–199

    CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Stich HF, Acton AB, Palcic B (1990) Towards an automated micronucleus assay as an internal dosimeter for carcinogen-exposed human population groups. Recent Results Cancer Res 120: 94–105

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Stich HF, Mathew B, Sankaranarayanan R, Nair MK (1991) Remission of oral precancerous lesions of tobacco/areca nut chewers following administration of beta-carotene or vitamin A, and maintenance of the protective effect. Cancer Detect Prey 15:93–98

    CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Stoyel CJ, Clark AM (1980) The transplacental micronucleus test. Mutat Res 74:393–398

    Google Scholar 

  • Straume T, Lucas JN, Tucker JD, Bigbee WL, Langlois RG (1992) Biodosimetry for a radiation worker using multiple assays. Health Phys 62:122–130

    Google Scholar 

  • Streffer C (1989) Predictive assays for the individualization of tumour therapy. In: Bannasch P(ed) Cancer therapy — new trends. Springer, Berlin Heidelberg New York, pp 163–169

    Google Scholar 

  • Streffer C, Müller W-U (1984) Radiation risk from combined exposures to ionizing radiations and chemicals. Adv Radiat Biol 11:173–210

    CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Streffer C, van Beuningen D, Molls M, Pon A, Schulz S, Zamboglou N (1978) In vitro culture of pre-implanted mouse embryos. A model system for studying combined effects. In: Late Biological Effects of Ionizing Radiation, vol II. Int Atomic Energy Agency, Vienna, IAEA-SM-224/801, pp 381–396

    Google Scholar 

  • Streffer C, van Beuningen D, Molls M (1982) Possibilities of the micronuclei’s test as an assay in radiotherapy. In: Kärcher KH (ed) Progress in radio-oncology II. Raven Press, New York, pp 243–251

    Google Scholar 

  • Streffer C, van Beuningen D, Bamberg M, Eigler F-W, Gross E, Schabronath J (1984a) An approach to the individualization of cancer therapy — determination of DNA, SH-groups and micronuclei. Strahlentherapie 160: 661–666

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Streffer C, van Beuningen D, Bamberg M (1984b) Cell proliferation and micronuclei in human brain tumours. Verh Dtsch Krebs Ges 5: 235–239

    Google Scholar 

  • Streffer C, van Beuningen D, Rebmann A (1985) DNA measurements and micronuclei in human rectal carcinoma. Radiat Med 3: 147–150

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Streffer C, van Beuningen D, Gross E, Schabronath J, Eigler F-W, Rebmann A (1986) Predictive assays for the therapy of rectum carcinoma. Radiother Oncol 5:303–310

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Streffer C, van Beuningen D, Mlynek M-L, Gross E, Eigler F-W (1988) Predictive assays for the therapy of rectal carcinoma. Recent Results Cancer Res 110:274–280

    Google Scholar 

  • Streffer C, van Beuningen D, Gross E, Eigler F-W, Pelzer T (1989) Determination of DNA, micronuclei and vascular density in human rectum carcinomas. In: Chapman JD, Peters LT, Withers HR (eds) Prediction of tumor treatment response. Pergamon Press, New York, 217–226

    Google Scholar 

  • Stubblefield E (1964) DNA synthesis and chromosomal morphology of Chinese hamster cells cultured in media containing N-deacetyl-N-methylcolchicine (Colcemid). In: Harris RJC (ed) Cytogenetics of cells in culture. Academic Press, New York, pp 223–248

    Google Scholar 

  • Sturrock JE, Nunn JF (1979) Chromosomal damage and mutations after exposure of Chinese hamster cells to high concentrations of oxygen. Mutat Res 57: 27–33

    Google Scholar 

  • Styles JA, Richardson CR, Burlinson B (1983) A comparison of the incidence of micronuclei in blood and bone marrow in 3 strains of mouse dosed with cyclophosphamideor hexamethylphosphoramide ( HMPA ). Mutat Res 122: 143–147

    Google Scholar 

  • Sutter T, Maes J, Gerber GB, Leonard A (1985) Relation between number of hemopoietic stem cells in newborn mice and their radiosensitivity. Acta Radiol Oncol 24: 263–265

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Talbot RJ, Moores SR, Morgan A, Nicholls L (1986) The induction of micronuclei in mouse pulmonary alveolar macrophages by inhaled alpha-emitting 239-Pu02. Br J Cancer Suppl 7: 340–342

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Talbot RJ, Nicholls L, Morgan A, Moores SR (1989) Effect of inhaled alpha-emitting nuclides on mouse alveolar macrophages. Radiat Res 119: 271–285

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Tamura RN, Garriott ML, Parton JW (1990) Pooled inference across sexes for the in vivo micronucleus assay. Mutat Res 240: 127–133

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Tanaka K, Izumi T, Ohkita T, Kamada N (1984) Micronuclei and chromosome aberrations found in bone marrow cells and lymphocytes from thorotrast patients and atomic bomb survivors. Hiroshima J Med Sci 33: 101–111

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Tates AD, de Boer P (1984) Further evaluation of a micronucleus method for detection of meiotic micronuclei in male germ cells of mammals. Mutat Res 140: 187–191

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Tates AD, Neuteboom I, Hofker M, den Engelse L (1980a) A micronucleus technique for detecting clastogenic effects of mutagens/carcinogens (DEN, DMN) in hepatocytes of rat liver in vivo. Mutat Res 74: 11–20

    CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Tates AD, de Vogel N, Neuteboom I (1980b) Cytogenetic effects in hepatocytes, bone-marrow cells and blood lymphocytes of rats exposed to ethanol in the drinking water. Mutat Res 79: 285–288

    CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Tates AD, Neuteboom I, de Vogel N, den Engelse L (1983) The induction of chromosomal damage in rat hepatocytes and lymphocytes. Mutat Res 107: 131–151

    CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Tates AD, van Welie MT, Ploem JS (1990) The present state of the automated micronucleus test for lymphocytes. Int J Radiat Biol 58: 813–825

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Teerenhovi L, Lintula R, Ruutu T, Knuutila S (1987) Correlation between bone marrow karyotype and the occurrence of erythroblast micronuclei and nuclear budding in patients with myelodysplastic syndromes. Eur J Haematol 39: 237–240

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Thierens H, Vral A, deRidder L (1991) Biological dosimetry using the micronucleus assay for lymphocytes: interindividual differences in dose response. Health Phys 61: 623–630

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Thomson EJ, Perry PE (1988) The identification of micronucleated chromosomes: a possible assay for aneuploidy. Mutagenesis 3: 415–8

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Tice RR, Erexson GL, Shelby MD (1990a) The induction of micronucleated polychromatic erythrocytes in mice using single and multiple treatments. Mutat Res 234: 187–193

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Tice RR, Erexson GL, Hilliard CJ, Huston JL, Boehm RM, Gulati D, Shelby MD (1990b) Effect of treatment protocol and sample time on the frequencies of micronucleated polychromatic erythrocytes in mouse bone marrow and peripheral blood. Mutagenesis 5: 313–321

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Tomanin R, Sarto F, Mazzotti D, Giacomelli L, Raimondi F, Trevisan C (1990) Louis-Bar syndrome: spontaneous and induced chromosomal aberrations in lymphocytes and micronuclei in lymphocytes, oral mucosa and hair root cells. Hum Genet 85: 31–38

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Tometsko AM, Leary JF (1990) A peripheral blood micronucleus assay based on flow cytometry. Cytometry (Suppl) 4: 35 (Abstr)

    Google Scholar 

  • Tommerup N (1984) Idoxuridine induction of micronuclei containing the long or short arms of human chromosome 9. Cytogenet Cell Genet 38: 92–98

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Toppari J, Lähdetie J, Harkonen P, Eerola E, Parvinen M (1986) Mutagen effects on rat seminiferous tubules in vitro: induction of meiotic micronuclei by adriamycin. Mutat Res 171: 149–56

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Toth S, Csaba G (1988) Gamma-L-glutamyl-taurine ( Litoralon) prevents the micronucleus formation induced by mitomycin C. Mutat Res 209: 85–89

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Trzos RJ, Petzold GL, Brunden MN, Swenberg JA (1978) The evaluation of sixteen carcinogens in the rat using the micronucleus test. Mutat Res 58: 79–86

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Tsuchimoto T, Matter BE (1979) In vivo cytogenetic screening methods for mutagens, with special reference to the micronucleus test. Arch Toxicol 42: 239–248

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Tsuchimoto T, Matter BE (1981) Activity of coded compounds in the micronucleus test. In: de Serres FJ, Ashby J (eds) Evaluation of short-term tests for carcinogens. Progress in mutation research, vol I. Elsevier, Amsterdam, pp 705–711

    Google Scholar 

  • Tsui Y-C, Creasy MR, Hulten MA (1983) The effect of the male contraceptive agent Gossypol on human lymphocytes in vitro: traditional chromosome breakage, micronuclei, sister chromatid exchange and cell kinetics. J Med Genet 20: 81–85

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Tucker JD, Eastmond DA (1990) Use of an antikinetochore antibody to discriminate between micronuclei induced by aneuploidogens and clastogens. In: Mendelsohn ML, Albertini RJ (eds) Mutation and the environment, Part B: Metabolism, testing methods, and chromosomes. Progress in clinical and biological research, vol 340B. Wiley-Liss, New York, pp 275–284

    Google Scholar 

  • Uma-Devi P, Sharma AS (1990) Mouse bone-marrow response to low doses of whole-body gamma irradiation: induction of micronuclei. Int J Radiat Biol 57: 97–101

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Urlando C, Heddle JA (1990) On the differential responsiveness of males and females in the micronucleus assay. Mutat Res 234: 199–204

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • van Beuningen D, Streffer C, Bertholdt G (1981) Mikronukleusbildung im Vergleich zur Überlebensrate von menschlichen Melanomzellen nach Röntgen-, Neutronenbestrahlung und Hyperthermie. Strahlentherapie 157: 600–606

    PubMed  Google Scholar 

  • van Buul PP, Tuinenburg-Bolraap A, Searle AG, Natarajan AT (1987) A search for radiosensitive mouse mutants by use of the micronucleus technique. Mutat Res 191: 163–169

    PubMed  Google Scholar 

  • Vanderkerken K, Vanparys P, Verschaeve L, Kirsch-Volders M (1989) The mouse bone marrow micronucleus assay can be used to distinguish aneugens from clastogens. Mutagenesis 4: 6–11

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Van Hummelen P, Kirsch-Volders M (1990) An improved method for the in vitro micronucleus test using human lymphocytes. Mutagenesis 5: 203–204

    PubMed  Google Scholar 

  • Vanparys P, Vermeiren F, Sysmans M, Temmerman R (1990) The micronucleus assay as a test for the detection of aneugenic activity. Mutat Res 244: 95–103

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • van Pelt FN, Haring RM, Overkamp MJ, Weterings PJ (1991) Micronucleus formation in cultured human keratinocytes following exposure to mitomycin C and cyclophosphamide. Mutat Res 252: 45–50

    PubMed  Google Scholar 

  • Verschaeve L, Vanderkerken K, Kirsch-Volders M (1988) C-banding as a simple tool to discriminate between micronuclei induced by clastogens and aneugens. Stain Technol 63: 351–354

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Viaggi S, Bonatti S, Abbondandolo A (1987) New evidence for the presence of chromosomes in micronuclei of human and Chinese hamster cells. Mutagenesis 2: 367–370

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Vig BK, Swearngin SE (1986) Sequence of centromere separation: kinetochore formation in induced laggards and micronuclei. Mutagenesis 1: 461–465

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Vogel R, Spielmann H (1986) Increased sister-chromatid exchange frequency in preimplantation mouse embryos after maternal cyclophosphamide treatment before implantation. Toxicol Lett 32: 81–88

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • von Ledebur M, Schmid W (1973) The micronucleus test, methodological aspects. Mutat Res 19: 109–117

    Google Scholar 

  • Wagner ED, Plewa MJ (1985) Induction of micronuclei in maize root-tip cells and a correlation with forward mutation at the yg2 locus. Environ Mutagen 7: 821–832

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Wakata A, Sasaki MS (1987) Measurement of micronuclei by cytokinesis-block method in cultured Chinese hamster cells: Comparison with types and rates of chromosome damage. Mutat Res 190: 51–57

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Walton DG, Acton AB, Stich HF (1984) Comparison of DNA repair synthesis, chromosome aberrations and induction of micronuclei in cultured human fibroblasts, Chinese hamster ovary and central mudminnow (Umbra limi) cells exposed to chemical mutagens. Mutat Res 129: 129–136

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Wandl EO, Ono K, Kain R, Herbsthofer T, Hienert G, Höbarth K (1989) Linear correlation between surviving fraction and the micronucleus frequency. Int J Radiat Biol 56: 771–775

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Wargovich MJ, Goldberg MT, Newmark HL, Bruce WR (1983) Nuclear aberrations as a short-term test for genotoxicity to the colon: evaluation of nineteen agents in mice. JNCI 71: 133–137

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Wargovich MJ, Eng VW, Newmark HL (1985) Inhibition by plant phenols of benzo[a]pyreneinduced nuclear aberrations in mammalian intestinal cells: a rapid in vivo assessment method. Food Chem Toxicol 23: 47–49

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Watanabe M, Honda S, Hayashi M, Matsuda T (1982) Mutagenic effects of combinations of chemical carcinogens and environmental pollutants in mice as shown by the micronucleus test. Mutat Res 97: 43–48

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Weichenthal M, Roser M, Ehlert U, Frenzer S, Breitbart E, Rüdiger HW (1989) Increased numbers of spontaneous micronuclei in blood lymphocytes and cultures fibroblasts of individuals with familial cutaneous malignant melanoma. J Cancer Res Clin Oncol 115: 264–268

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Weissenborn U, Streffer C (1988a) Analysis of structural and numerical chromosomal anomalies at the first, second, and third mitosis after irradiation of one-cell mouse embryos with X-rays or neutrons. Int J Radiat Biol 54: 381–394

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Weissenborn U, Streffer C (1988b) The one-cell mouse embryo: cell cycle-dependent radiosensitivity and development of chromosomal anomalies in postradiation cell cycles. Int J Radiat Biol 54: 659–674

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Weissenborn U, Streffer C (1991) Micronuclei with kinetochores in human melanoma cells and rectal carcinomas. Int J Radiat Biol 59: 373–383

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Wendt E (1959) Lebendbeobachtungen an bestrahlten Interphasekernen. Z Zellforsch 49: 677–689

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • White GR, Ockey CH, Brennand J, Margison-GP (1986) Chinese hamster cells harbouring the Escherichia coli 06-alkylguanine alkyltransferase gene are less susceptible to sister chromatid exchange induction and chromosome damage by methylating agents. Carcinogenesis 7: 2077–2080

    CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Wild D (1978) Cytogenetic effects in the mouse of 17 chemical mutagens and carcinogens evaluated by the micronucleus test. Mutat Res 56: 319–327

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Williams M, Brock WA (1983) Micronuclei and binucleate formation as an early indicator of radiation-induced cell killing. Radiat Res 94: 544 (Abstr)

    Google Scholar 

  • Willingale-Theune J, Schweiger M, Hirsch-Kauffmann M, Meek AE, Paulin-Levasseur M, Traub P (1989) Ultrastructure of Fanconi anemia fibroblasts. J Cell Sci 93: 651–665

    PubMed  Google Scholar 

  • Witkowski R, Anger H (1976) Premature chromosome condensation in irradiated man. Hum Genet 34: 65–68

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Wuttke K, Streffer C, Müller W-U (1993) Radiation-induced micronuclei in subpopulations of human lymphocytes. Mutat Res 286: 181–188

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Wyllie AH, Kerr JFR, Currie AR (1980) Cell death: the significance of apoptosis. Int Rev Cytol 68: 251–306

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Yager JW (1990) The effect of background variables on human peripheral lymphocyte micronuclei. IARC Sci Publ 1990 (104): 147–150

    Google Scholar 

  • Yager JW, Sorsa M, Selvin S (1988) Micronuclei in cytokinesis-blocked lymphocytes as an index of occupational exposure to alkylating cytostatic drugs. IARC Sci Publ 89: 213–216

    PubMed  Google Scholar 

  • Yamamoto KI, Kikuchi Y (1980) A comparison of diameters of micronuclei induced by clastogens and by spindle poisons. Mutat Res 71: 127–131

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Yamamoto KI, Kikuchi Y (1981) Studies on micronuclei time response and on the effects of multiple treatments of mutagens on induction of micronuclei. Mutat Res 90:163–173

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Yamamoto KI, Kikuchi Y (1984) Induction of micronuclei in mouse fetal liver after exposure in utero to N-methyl-N’-nitro-N-nitrosoguanidine. Mutat Res 128: 173–179

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Yi M, Rosin MP, Anderson CK (1990) Response of fibroblast cultures from ataxiatelangiectasia patients to oxidative stress. Cancer Lett 54: 43–50

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Yin XJ, Liu DX, Wang HC, Zhou Y (1991) A study on the mutagenicity of 102 raw pharmaceuticals used in Chinese traditional medicine. Mutat Res 260: 73–82

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Zamboglou N, Wurm R, Pape H, Schnabel TH, Kuhn FP, Streffer C, Schmitt G (1991) Simultaneous radiotherapy and intratumoral instillation of mitoxantrone in locoregional recurrence of head and neck carcinoma. Reg Cancer Treat 4: 79–84

    Google Scholar 

  • Zambrano MA, Targa HJ, Rabello-Gay MN (1982) Physiological saline solutions as a useful tool in micronucleus and metaphase slide preparations. Stain Technol 57: 48–49

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

Download references

Author information

Authors and Affiliations

Authors

Editor information

Editors and Affiliations

Rights and permissions

Reprints and permissions

Copyright information

© 1994 Springer-Verlag Berlin Heidelberg

About this chapter

Cite this chapter

Müller, WU., Streffer, C. (1994). Micronucleus Assays. In: Obe, G. (eds) Advances in Mutagenesis Research. Advances in Mutagenesis Research, vol 5. Springer, Berlin, Heidelberg. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-642-78193-3_1

Download citation

  • DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-642-78193-3_1

  • Publisher Name: Springer, Berlin, Heidelberg

  • Print ISBN: 978-3-642-78195-7

  • Online ISBN: 978-3-642-78193-3

  • eBook Packages: Springer Book Archive

Publish with us

Policies and ethics