Abstract
A recent anatomical study [5] concerning corticofacial pathways in the monkey has demontrated mainly indirect, polysynaptic connections to the subnucleus of the facial nerve (FN) innervating upper facial muscles. These indirect corticofacial projections are mediated via interneurons of the reticular formation adjacent to the FN. In contrast, FN motor neurons supplying lower facial muscles receive only direct corticofacial innervation [5]. These observations were obtained using the technique of retro- and anterograde transport of horseradish peroxidase.
Access this chapter
Tax calculation will be finalised at checkout
Purchases are for personal use only
Preview
Unable to display preview. Download preview PDF.
References
Benecke R, Meyer BU, Schonle P, Conrad B (1988) Transcranial magnetic stimulation of the human brain: responses in muscles supplied by cranial nerves. Exp Brain Res 71:623–632
Desmedt JE, Godaux E (1976) Habituation of exteroceptive suppression and of exteroceptive reflexes in man as influenced by voluntary contraction. Brain Res 106:21–29
Holstege G, Kuypers HGJM, Dekker JJ (1977) The organization of the bulbar fibre connections to the trigeminal, facial and hypoglossal motor nuclei. II. An autoradiographic tracing study in cat. Brain 100:265–286
Holstege G, van Ham JJ, Tan J (1986) Afferent projections to the orbicularis oculi motoneuronal cell group. An autoradiographical tracing study in the cat. Brain Res 374:306–320
Jenny AB, Saper CB (1987) Organization of the facial nucleus and corticofacial projection in the monkey: a reconsideration of the upper motor neuron facial palsv. Neurology 37:930–939
Kimura J, Harada O (1976) Recovery cycle of the blink reflex during wakefulness and sleep. J Neurol 213:189–198
Kossev A, Dengler R, Struppler A (1983) Quantitative assessment of the blink reflex in normals. Physiological side-to-side differences and frequency dependence. Electromyogr Clin Neurophsiol 23:501–511
Kuypers HGJM (1958) Corticobulbar connexions to the pons and lower brain stem in man. Brain 81:364–388
Malin J-P (1982) The human orbicularis oculi reflex. Some principal remarks. Electromyogr Clin Neurophsiol 22:45–53
Meyer B-U, Britton TC, Benecke R (1990) Magnetic stimulation of the corticonuclear system and of proximal cranial nerves in humans. In: Berardelli A et al. (eds) Motor disturbances II. Academic, London, pp 235–248
Rimpel J, Geyer D, Hopf HC (1982) Changes in the blink responses to combined trigeminal, acoustic and visual repetitive stimulation, studied in the human subject. Electroencephalogr Clin Neurophysiol 54:552–560
Thompson JK (1985) Right brain, left brain; left face, right face: hemisphericity and the expression of facial emotion. Cortex 21:281–299
Wilier JC, Roby A, Boulu P, Albe-Fessard D (1982) Depressive effect of high- frequency peripheral conditioning stimulation upon the nociceptive component of the human blink reflex. Lack of naloxone effect. Brain Res 239:322–326
Author information
Authors and Affiliations
Editor information
Editors and Affiliations
Rights and permissions
Copyright information
© 1993 Springer-Verlag Berlin · Heidelberg
About this paper
Cite this paper
Faig, J., Tegenthoff, M., Malin, JP. (1993). Magnetically Evoked Corticofacial Potentials of Orbicularis Oculi Muscle Conditioned by the Electrical Blink Reflex. In: Caplan, L.R., Hopf, H.C. (eds) Brain-Stem Localization and Function. Springer, Berlin, Heidelberg. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-642-78172-8_25
Download citation
DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-642-78172-8_25
Publisher Name: Springer, Berlin, Heidelberg
Print ISBN: 978-3-642-78174-2
Online ISBN: 978-3-642-78172-8
eBook Packages: Springer Book Archive