Abstract
While searching for markers of physiologically activated cells we discovered that the c-fos protooncogene could be induced by certain physiological stimuli including cortical stimulation, seizures, and osmotic stimulation [28]. It has since been shown that a variety of protooncogenes can be induced by physiological stimuli as well as by ischemia and axotomy [14, 15, 22]. We also found (concurrently with Dr. T. Nowak, Jr.) that though physiological stimuli would not induce the heat shock genes, a variety of injuries did induce these genes in brain. The following discussion will briefly summarize the biology of the heat shock gene response, the history of previous studies of heat shock protein expression in brain, and our work on the effect of seizures and ischemia on the induction of the hsp70 gene in specific cell types and the relevance of these observations to understanding the pathogenesis of ischemic brain injury.
This is a preview of subscription content, log in via an institution.
Buying options
Tax calculation will be finalised at checkout
Purchases are for personal use only
Learn about institutional subscriptionsPreview
Unable to display preview. Download preview PDF.
References
Barbe MF, Tytell M, Gower DJ, Welch WJ (1988) Hyperthermia protects against light damage in the rat retina. Science 241: 1817–1820
Beckmann RP, Mizzen LA, Welch WJ (1990) Interaction of HSP70 with newly synthesized proteins: implications for protein folding and assembly. Science 248: 850–854
Brown IR (1983) Hyperthermia induces the synthesis of a heat shock protein by polysomes isolated from the fetal and neonatal mammalian brain. J Neurochem 40: 1490–1493
Brown IR, Rush S, Ivy GO (1989) Induction of a heat shock gene at the site of tissue injury in the rat brain. Neuron 2: 1559–1564
Chopp M, Chen H, Ho KL, Dereski MO, Brown E, Hetzel FW, Welch KMA (1989) Transient hyperthermia protects against subsequent forebrain ischemic cell damage in the rat. Neurology 39: 1396–1398
Craig EA (1989) Essential roles of 70kDa heat inducible proteins. BioEssays 11: 48–52
Currie RW, White FP (1981) Trauma–induced protein in rat tissues: a physiological role for a “heat shock” protein? Science 214: 72–73
Deshaies RV, Koch BD, Schekman R (1989) The role of stress proteins in membrane biogenesis. TIBS 13: 384–388
Dienel GA, Kiessling M, Jacewicz M, Pulsinelli WA (1986) Synthesis of heat shock proteins in rat brain cortex after transient ischemia. J Cereb Blood Flow Metab 6: 505–510
Ferriero DM, Soberano HQ, Simon RP, Sharp FR (1990) Hypoxia-ischemia induces heat shock protein-like (HSP72) immunoreactivity in neonatal rat brain. Dev Brain Res 53: 145–150
Gething MJ, Sambrook J (1992) Protein folding in the cell. Nature 355: 33–45
Gonzalez MF, Shiraishi K, Hisanga K, Sagar SM, Mandabach M, Sharp FR (1989) Heat shock proteins as markers of neural injury. Mol Brain Res 6: 93–100
Gonzalez MF, Lowenstein DH, Hisanaga K, Simon RP, Sagar SM, Sharp FR (1991) Induction of heat shock protein 72–like immunoreactivity in the hippocampal formation following global ischemia. Brain Res Bull 26: 241–250
Herdegen T, Kummer W, Fiallos CE, Leah J, Bravo R (1991) Expression of c-Jun, Jun B, and Jun D proteins in rat nervous system following transection of vagus nerve and cervical sympathetic trunk. Neurosci 45: 413–422
Hunt SP, Pini A, Evan G (1987) Induction of c-fos like protein in spinal cord neurons following sensory stimulation. Nature 328: 632–634
Kiessling M, Dienel GA, Jacewicz M, Pulsinelli WA (1986) Protein synthesis in postischemic rat brain: a two–dimensional electrophoretic analysis. J Cereb Blood Flow Metab 6: 642–649
Kinouchi H, Sharp FR, Hill MP, Koistinaho J, Sagar SM, Chan PH (1993) Induction of 70- kDa heat shock protein and hsp70 ipRNA following transient focal cerebral ischemia in the rat. J Cereb Blood Flow Metab 13: 105–115
Kinouchi H, Sharp FR, Hill MP, Koistanaho J, Sagar SM, Chan PH (1992) Induction of hsp70 mRNA in the penumbra following transient and permanent focal cerebral ischemia in the rat. Brain Res, in press
Lindquist S (1986) The heat shock response. Annu Rev Biochem 55: 1151–1191
Lowenstein DH, Simon RP, Sharp FR (1990) The pattern of 72-kDa heat shock proteinlike immunoreactivity in the rat brain following fluothyl-induced status epiletpticus. Brain Res 531: 173–182
Lowenstein DH, Chan PH, Miles MF (1991) The stress protein response in cultured neurons: characterization and evidence for a protective role in excitotoxicity. Neuron 7: 1053–1060
Morgan JI, Curran T (1989) Stimulus-transcription coupling in neurons: role of cellular immediate-early genes. Trends Neurosci 12: 459 - 462
Nowak TS Jr (1985) Synthesis of a stress protein following transient ischemia in the gerbil. J Neurochem 45: 1635–1641
Nowak TS (1990) Protein synthesis and the heat shock/stress response after ischemia. Cereb Brain Metab Rev 2: 345–366
Nowak TS Jr, Bond U, Schlesinger MJ (1990) Heat shock RNA levels in brain and other tissues after hyperthermia and transient ischemia. J Neurochem 54: 451–458
Olney JW, Labruyere J, Price MT (1989) Pathological changes induced in cerebrocortical neurons by phencyclidine and related drugs. Science 244: 1360 - 1362
Pelham HRB (1986) Speculations on the functions of the major heat shock and glucoseregulated proteins. Cell 46: 959–961
Sagar SM, Sharp FR, Curran T (1988) Expression of c-fos protein in brain: metabolic mapping at the cellular level. Science 240: 1328–1331
Sharp FR, Lowenstein D, Simon RP, Hisanaga K (1991) Heat shock protein hsp70 induction in cortical and striatal astrocytes and neurons following infarction. J Cereb Blood Flow Metab 11: 621–627
Sharp FR, Jasper P, Hall J, Noble L, Sagar SM (1991) MK801 and ketamine induce heat shock protein HSP72 in injured neurons in posterior cingulate and retrosplenial cortex. Ann Neurol 30: 801–809
Vass K, Welch WJ, Nowak TS Jr (1988) Localization of 70kDa stress protein induction in gerbil brain after ischemia. Acta Neuropathol 77: 128–135
Vass K, Berger ML, Nowak TS Jr, Lassmann H (1989) Induction of stress protein HSP70 in nerve cells after status epilepticus in the rat. Neurosci Lett 100: 259–264
Welch WJ, Suhan JP (1986) Cellular and biochemical events in mammalian cells during and after recovery from physiological stress. J Cell Biol 103: 2035–2052
Westwood JT, Clos J, Wu C (1991) Stress-induced oligomerization and chromosomal relocalization of heat-shock factor. Nature 353: 822–827
Author information
Authors and Affiliations
Editor information
Editors and Affiliations
Rights and permissions
Copyright information
© 1994 Springer-Verlag Berlin Heidelberg
About this paper
Cite this paper
Sharp, F.R., Kinouchi, H., Koistinaho, J., Chan, P.H., Sagar, S.M. (1994). Heat Shock Gene Expression as a Marker of Ischemic and Other Types of Injury. In: Hartmann, A., Yatsu, F., Kuschinsky, W. (eds) Cerebral Ischemia and Basic Mechanisms. Springer, Berlin, Heidelberg. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-642-78151-3_30
Download citation
DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-642-78151-3_30
Publisher Name: Springer, Berlin, Heidelberg
Print ISBN: 978-3-642-78153-7
Online ISBN: 978-3-642-78151-3
eBook Packages: Springer Book Archive