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Fortschritte in der diätetischen Behandlung angeborener Störungen des Aminosäure- und Kohlenhydratstoffwechsels

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Ernährung chronisch kranker Kinder und Jugendlicher
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Zusammenfassung

Die Schädigung im Rahmen angeborener Stoffwechselerkrankungen ist Folge entweder der toxischen Wirkung eines in pathologischer Weise erhöhten Stoffwechselmetaboliten oder eines durch den Defekt entstandenen Mangels. Toxische Substanzen des Zwischenstoffwechsels wie auch Mangelzustände wirken sich kurz- und langfristig störend auf die energetische Homöostase und den unbeeinträchtigten Zellaufbau aus. Die sich daraus ableitenden Prinzipien der Behandlung angeborener Stoffwechselerkrankungen beruhen somit einerseits auf der Elimination oder zumindest reduzierten Zufuhr schädigender Grundmetabolite und andererseits auf dem Ausgleich primärer oder sekundärer Mangelsituationen. Eliminationsdiäten sind die klassische Methode, die Zufuhr einer schädigenden Ausgangssubstanz zu begrenzen, dies gilt v. a. für die häufigsten Störungen des Aminosäurestoffwechsels und die klassischen Zuckerunverträglichkeiten Galaktosämie und hereditäre Fruktoseintoleranz. Neben einer limitierten Zufuhr hat in den letzten Jahren eine Verbesserung der Exkretion pathologischer Metabolite zunehmende Bedeutung erlangt. Diese Innovationen beziehen sich v.a. auf verbesserte Möglichkeiten der Detoxifikation durch Konjugation, wie z. B. mit Glyzin, Carnitin oder Benzoesäure oder die gezielten Induktionsversuche krankheitsspezifischer Enzymsysteme mit Vitaminen in pharmakologischen Mengen.

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© 1993 Springer-Verlag Berlin Heidelberg

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Böhles, H. (1993). Fortschritte in der diätetischen Behandlung angeborener Störungen des Aminosäure- und Kohlenhydratstoffwechsels. In: Koletzko, B. (eds) Ernährung chronisch kranker Kinder und Jugendlicher. Springer, Berlin, Heidelberg. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-642-78146-9_18

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  • DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-642-78146-9_18

  • Publisher Name: Springer, Berlin, Heidelberg

  • Print ISBN: 978-3-540-56569-7

  • Online ISBN: 978-3-642-78146-9

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