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Bodenbiologische Arbeitsmethoden pp 13–79Cite as

Mikrobielle Biomasse

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Zusammenfassung

Mikroorganismen kommen im Boden in großer Vielfalt und hoher Dichte vor. Bakterien und Pilze stellen die Masse der Mikroorganismen, Protozoen und Algen sind meist in geringer Anzahl vorhanden. Der Anteil des Biomasse-Kohlenstoffes am organischen Kohlenstoff eines Bodens wird mit 1–3% angegeben (Sparling 1985). Vergleichende Biomasseuntersuchungen wirtschaftlich genutzter Böden in Bayern zeigten, daß der Anteil der stoffwechselaktiven mikrobiellen Biomasse an der organischen Substanz des Bodens in Ackerböden 1–5% und in Wiesenböden 2–8% beträgt (Beck et al. 1992). Aufgrund von Biomassebestimmungen mittels mathematischer Analyse von Respirationskurven sollen sich lediglich 2–30% der gesamten Biomasse in einem aktiven Zustand befinden (Van de Werf und Verstraete 1987a, 1987b). Die Leistungen der Bodenmikroflora sind für die Bodenfruchtbarkeit und das Funktionieren von Ökosystemen vielfältig und entscheidend:

  • Abbauleistungen: Mineralisation pflanzlicher, tierischer, mikrobieller und organisch-synthetischer Substanzen, Mobilisierung anorganischer Nährund Spurenstoffe

  • Syntheseleistungen: Aufbau mikrobieller Biomasse, Synthese von Huminstoffen und bodenbindenden Substanzen, Immobilisierung von Nährstoffen

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Authors
  1. G. Trolldenier
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  2. M. Schloter
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  3. W. Bode
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  4. A. Hartmann
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  5. H. Rössner
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  6. R. Kuhnert-Finkernagel
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  7. R. Öhlinger
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  8. T. Beck
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  9. A. Baumgarten
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  10. B. Heilmann
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Editor information

Editors and Affiliations

  1. Institut für Mikrobiologie, Universität Innsbruck, Technikerstraße 25, A-6020, Innsbruck, Austria

    Franz Schinner

  2. Bundesanstalt für Agrarbiologie, Wieningerstraße 8, A-4025, Linz, Austria

    Richard Öhlinger

  3. Bundesanstalt für Bodenwirtschaft, Denisgasse 31-33, A-1200, Wien, Austria

    Ellen Kandeler

  4. Christian Doppler Laboratorium für Umweltbiotechnologie, Technikerstraße 25, A-6020, Innsbruck, Austria

    Rosa Margesin

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© 1993 Springer-Verlag Berlin Heidelberg

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Trolldenier, G. et al. (1993). Mikrobielle Biomasse. In: Schinner, F., Öhlinger, R., Kandeler, E., Margesin, R. (eds) Bodenbiologische Arbeitsmethoden. Springer Labor. Springer, Berlin, Heidelberg. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-642-77936-7_3

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  • DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-642-77936-7_3

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