Abstract
Recently, a torrent of biochemical and biological discoveries has more precisely begun to define the nature of the malignant phenotype. These findings present a formidable challenge to drug discovery teams. How can this knowledge be harnessed and the approach emulated? Sadly, the elegance and precision of some of the insights provided by molecular and cellular biologists have not yet been matched by the efforts of medicinal chemists and pharmacologists. It is both disappointing and frustrating that the anticancer drugs showing clinical promise in 1991 are still crude cell poisons, not dissimilar from those which exist in the current pharmacopoeia. How might progress be made?
Access this chapter
Tax calculation will be finalised at checkout
Purchases are for personal use only
Preview
Unable to display preview. Download preview PDF.
References
Rozengurt E: Early signals in the mitogenic response. Science (Washington) 1986 (234):161–166
Cantley LC, Auger, KR, Carpenter C, Duckworth B, Graziani A, Kapeller R and Soltoff S: Oncogenes and signal transduction. Cell 1991 (64):281–302
Heldin C-H, Betsoltz C, Claesson-Welsh L and Westermark B: Subversion of growth regulatory pathways in malignant transformation. Biochim Biophys Acta 1987 (907):219–244
Bishop JM: Molecular themes in oncogenesis. Cell 1991 (64):235–248
Rozengurt E: Neuropeptides as cellular growth factors. Eur J Clin Invest 1991 (21):123–134
Cuttitta F, Carney DN, Mulshine J, Moody TW, Redorko J, Fischler A and Minna JD: Bombesin-like peptides can function as autocrine growth factors in human small cell lung cancer. Nature (London) 1985 (316):823–826
Sinnett-Smith J, Lehman W and Rozengurt E: Bombesin receptor in membranes from Swiss 3T3 cells. Binding characteristics, affinity labelling and modulation by guanine nucleotides. Biochem J 1990 (265):485–493
Battey JF, Way JM, Corjay MH, Shapira H, Kusano K, Harkins R, Wu JM, Slattery T, Mann E and Feldman RI: Molecular cloning of the bombesin/GRP receptor from Swiss 3T3 cells. Proc Natl Acad Sci (USA) 1990 (88):395–399
Dohlman GH, Thorner J, Caron MG and Lefkowitz RJ: Model systems for the study of seven-transmembrane segment receptors. Ann Rev Biochem 1991 (60):653–688
Woll PJ and Rozengurt E: Multiple neuropeptides mobilise calcium in small cell lung cancer: effects of vasopressin, bradykinin, cholecystokinin, galinin and neurotensin. Biochem Biophys Res Commun 1989(164):66–73
Woll PJ and Rozengurt E: A neuropeptide antagonist that inhibits the growth of small cell lung cancer in vitro. Cancer Res 1990 (50):3968–3973
Sethi T and Rozengurt E: Multiple neuropeptides mobilise calcium in small cell lung cancer: effects of bradykinin, vasopressin, cholecystokinin, galinin and neurotensin. Cancer Res 1991 (51):3621–3623
Yarden Y and Ullrich A: Growth factor receptor tyrosine kinases. Ann Rev Biochem 1988 (57):443–478
Jove R and Hanafusa H: Cell transformation by the viral src oncogene. Ann Rev Cell Biol 1987 (3):31–56
Presek P and Reuter C: Amiloride inhibits the protein tyrosine kinases associated with the cellular and the transforming src-gene products. Biochem Pharmac 1987 (36):2821–2826
Nakano H, Kobayashi E, Takahashi I, Tamaoki T, Kuzuu Y and lba H: Staurosporine inhibits tyrosine-specific kinase activity of Rous sarcoma virus transforming protein p60. J Antibiot 1987 (40):706–708
Kruse CH, Holden KG, Pritchard ML, Feild JA, Rieman DJ, Greig RG and Poste G: Synthesis and evaluation of multisubstrate inhibitors of an oncogene-encoded tyrosine-specific protein kinase. 1. Med Chem 1988 (31):1762–1767
Kruse CH, Holden KG, Offen P, Pritchard ML, Feild JA, Rieman DJ, Bender PE, Ferguson B, Greig RG and Poste G: Synthesis and evaluation of multisubstrate inhibitors of an oncogene-encoded tyrosine-specific protein kinase. 2. Med Chem 1988 (263):813–822
Fujita-Yamaguchi Y, Sacks DB, McDonald JM, Sahal D and Kathuria S: Effect of basic polycations and proteins on purified insulin receptor. Insulin-independent activation of the receptor tyrosine-specific protein kinase by poly (L-lysine). Biochem J 1989(263):813–822
Geahlen RL and McLaughlin JL: Piceatannol (3,4,3′,5′-tetrahydroxy-trans-stilbene) is a naturally occurring protein tyrosine kinase inhibitor. Biochem Biophys Res Commun 1989 (165):241–245
Glossman H, Presek P and Eigenbrodt E: Quercetin inhibits tyrosine phosphorylation by the cyclic nucleotide-independent, transforming protein kinase pp60src. Arch Pharmacol 1981 (317):100–103
Graziani Y, Erikson E and Erikson RL: The effect of quercetin on the phosphorylation activity of the Rous sarcoma virus transforming gene product in vitro and in vivo. Eur J Biochem 1983 (135):583–589
Hanks SK, Quinn AM and Hunter T: The protein kinase family: conserved features and deduced phylogeny of the catalytic domains. Science (Washington) 1988 (241):42–52
Akiyama T, Ishida J, Nakagawa S, Ogawara H, Watanabe S, Itoh N, Shibuya M and Fukami Y: Genestein, a specific inhibitor of tyrosine-specific protein kinases. J Biol Chem 1987 (262):5592–5595
Geahlen RL, Koonchanok NM, McLaughlin JL and Pratt DE: Inhibition of protein tyrosine kinase activity by flavanoids and related compounds. J Natl Prod 1989 (52):982–986
Ogawara H, Akiyama T, Watanabe S, Ito N, Kobori M and Seoda Y: Inhibition of protein tyrosine kinase activity by synthetic isoflavones and flavones. J Natl Prod 1989 (42):340–343
Cunningham B, Threadgill MD. Groundwater PW, Dale I and Hickman JA: Synthesis and biological evaluation of a series of flavones designed as inhibitors of protein tyrosine kinases. 1991 (submitted)
Cushman M, Nagarathanmam D, Burg DL and Geahlen RL: Synthesis and protein tyrosine kinase activities of flavanoid analogues. J Med Chem 1991 (34):798–806
Geissler JF, Traxler P, Regenass U, Murray BJ, Roesel JL, Meyer T, McGlynn E, Storni A and Lydon NB: Thiazolidine-diones. Biochemical and biological activity of a novel class of tyrosine protein kinase inhibitors. J Biol Chem 1990 (265):22255–22261
Imoto M, Umezawa K, Komuro K, Sawa T, Takeuchi T and Umezawa H: Antitumor activity of erbstatin, a tyrosine protein kinase inhibitor. Jpn J Cancer Res 1987(78):2129–2135
Bishop WR, Petrin J, Wang L, Ramesh U and Doll RJ: Inhibition of protein kinase C by the tyrosine kinase inhibitor erbstatin. Biochem Pharmac 1990 (40):2129–2135
Toi M, Mukaida H, Wada T, Hirabayashi N, Toge T, Hori H and Umezawa K: Antineoplastic effect of erbstatin on human mammary and esophageal tumors in athymic mice. Eur J Cancer 1990 (26):722–724
Levitski A: Tyrphostins — potential antiproliferative agents and novel molecular tools. Biochem Pharmac 1990 (40):913–918
Gazit A, Yaish P, Gilon C and Levitski A: Tyrphostins I: synthesis and biological activity of protein tyrosine kinase inhibitors. J Med Chem 1989 (32):2344–2352
Posner I, Gazit A, Gilon C and Levitski A: Tyrphostins inhibit the epidermal growth factor receptor-mediated breakdown of phosphoinositides. FEBS Lett 1989 (257):287–291
Gazit A, Osherov N, Posner I, Yaish P, Poradosu E, Gilon C and Levitski A: Tyrphostins 2. Heterocyclic and a-substituted benzylidenemalononitrile tyrphostins as potent inhibitors of EGF receptor and ErbB2/neu tyrosine kinases. J Med Chem 1991 (34):1896–1907
Slamon DJ, Clark GM, Wong SJ, Levin WJ, Ullrich A and McGuire WJ: Human breast cancer: correlation of relapse and survival with amplification of the HER-2/neu oncogene. Science (Washington) 1987 (235):177–179
Faaland A, Mermelstein H, Hayashi J and Laskin JD: Rapid uptake of tyrphostin into A431 human epidermoid cell is followed by delayed inhibition of epidermal growth factor receptor (EGF)-stimulated EGF receptor tyrosine kinase activity. Mol Cell Biol 1991 (11):2697–2703
Yoneda T, Lyall RM, Alsina MM, Person PE, Spada AP, Levitski A, Zilberstein A and Mundy GR: The antiproliferative effects of tyrosine kinase inhibitors tyrphostins on a human squamous cell carcinoma in vitro and in nude mice. Cancer Res 1991 (51):4430–4435
Shiraishi T, Owada MK, Tatsuka M, Yamashita T, Watanabe K and Kakunaga T: Specific inhibitors of tyrosine-specific protein kinases: properties of 4-hydroxycinnamide derivatives in vitro. Cancer Res 1989(49):2374–2378
Izumi T, Secki Y, Akanuma Y, Takaku F and Kasuga M: Requirement for receptor-intrinsic tyrosine kinase activities during ligand-induced membrane ruffling of KB cells. Essential sites of src-related growth factor receptor kinases. J Biol Chem 1988 (263):10386–10393
Kipreos ET and Wang JYJ: Reversible dependence on growth factor interleukin-3 in myeloid cells expressing temperature sensitive v-abl oncogene. Oncogene Res 1988 (2):277–284
Koch CA, Anderson D, Moran MF, Ellis C and Pawson T: SH2 and SH3 domains: elements that control interactions of cytoplasmic signalling proteins. Science (Washington) 1991 (252):668–674
O’Brien MC, Fukui Y and Hanafusa H: Activation of the proto-oncogene p60-src by point mutations in the SH2 domain. Mol Cell Biol 1990 (10):2855–2862
Berridge MJ: Inositol trisphosphate and diacylglycerol: two interacting second messengers. Ann Rev Biochem 1987 (56):159–193
Hirata M, Watanabe Y, Ishimatsu T, Kebe T, Kimura Y, Yamaguchi K, Ozaki S and Koga T: Synthetic inositol trisphosphate analogs and their effects on phosphatase, kinase and the release of Ca2+. J Biol Chem 1989 (264):20303–20308
Safrany ST, Wojcikiewicz RJ, Strupish J, McBain J, Cooke AM, Potter BV and Nahorski SR: Synthetic phosphorothioate-containing analogues of inositol 1,4,5-trisphosphate mobilize intracellular calcium stores and interact differentially with inositol 1,4,5-trisphosphate 5-phosphatase and 3-kinase. Mol Pharmacol 1991 (39):754–761
Kemp GJ, Bevington A, Khodja D, Challa A and Russell GG: 32P-labelling anomalies in human erythrocytes. Is there more than one pool of Pi? Biochem J 1989 (264):729–736
Powis G, Aksoy IA, Melder DC, Aksoy S, Eichinger H, Fauq AH and Kozikowski AP: D-3-Deoxy-3-substituted myo-inositol analogues as inhibitors of cell growth. Cancer Chemother Pharmacol 1991 (in press)
Gescher A and Dale IL: Protein kinase C — a novel target for rational anticancer drug design? Anticancer Drug Des 1989 (4):93–105
O’Brian CA and Ward NE: Biology of the protein kinase C family. Cancer Metastasis Rev 1989 (3):199–214
Kikkawa U, Kishimoto A, Nishizuka Y: The protein kinase C family: heterogeneity and its implications. Ann Rev Biochem 1989 (58):31–44
Pettit GR, Hartwell JL and Wood HB: Antineoplastic components of marine animals. Nature (London) 1970 (227):962–965
Schuchter LM, Esa AH, May WS, Laulis MK, Pettit GR and Hess AD: Successful treatment of murine melanoma with bryostatin 1. Cancer Res 1991 (51):682–687
Lilly M, Brown C, Pettit G and Kraft A: Bryostatin 1: a potential antileukemic agent for chronic myelomonocytic leukemia. Leukemia 1991 (5):283–287
McCrady CW, Staniswalis J, Pettit GR, Howe C, Grant S: Effect of pharmacological manipulation of protein kinase C by phorbol dibutyrate and bryostatin 1 on the clonogenic response of human granulocyte-macrophage progenitors to recombinant GM-CSF. Br J Haematol 1991 (77):5–15
Kraft AS, Smith JB and Berkow RL: Bryostatin, an activator of the calcium phospholipid-dependent protein kinase, blocks phorbol ester-induced differentiation of human promyelocytic leukemia cells HL-60. Proc Natl Acad Sci (USA) 1986 (83):1334–1338
Dale IL and Gescher A: Effects of activators of protein kinase C, including bryostatins 1 and 2, on the growth of A549 human lung carcinoma cells. Int J Cancer 1989 (43):158–163
Hocevar BA and Fields AP: Selective translocation of βII-protein kinase C to the nucleus of human promyelocytic (HL60) leukemia cells. J Biol Chem 1991 (266):28–33
Berdel WE: Membrane-interactive lipids as experimental anticancer drugs. Br J Cancer 1991 (64):208–211
Munder PG, Weltzien HU and Modolell M: Lysolecethin analogues: a new class of immunopotentiators. In: Meischer PA (ed) VII International Symposium on Immunopathology. Schwabe Publ, Basel 1977 pp 411 –423
Bazill W and Dexter TM: Role of endocytosis in the action of ether lipids on WEHI-3B, HL-60, and FDCP-Mix A4 cells. Cancer Res 1990 (50):7505–7512
Lazenby CM, Thompson MG and Hickman JA: Elevation of intracellular calcium by the ether lipid SRI62-834. Cancer Res 1990 (50):3327–3330
Seewald MJ, Olsen RA, Sehgal I, Melder DC, Modest EJ and Powis G: Inhibition of growth factor-dependent inositol phosphate Ca2+ signalling by antitumor ether lipid analogues. Camcer Res 1990 (50):4458–4463
Workman P: personal communication
Ruoslahti E: Fibronectin and its receptors. Ann Rev Biochem 1988 (57):375–413
Barcellos-Hoff MH, Aggeler J, Ram TG and Bissel MJ: Functional differentiation and alveolar morphogenesis of primary mammary epithelial cell cultures on reconstituted basement membrane. Development 1989 (105):223–235
Walling JM, Blackmore M, Hickman JA and Townsend KMS: Role of the extracellular matrix on the growth and differentiated phenotype of murine colonic adenocarcinoma cells in vitro. Int J Cancer 1991 (47):776–783
La Rocca RV, Stein CA and Myers CE: Suramin: prototype of a new generation of antitumour compounds. Cancer Cells 1990 (2):106–115
Waxman S, Rossi GB and Takaku F: The status of differentiation therapy. Serono Symposia. Raven Press, New York 1991
Arai K, Lee F, Miyajima A, Miyatake S Arai N and Yokota T: Cytokines: coordinators of immune and inflammatory responses. Ann Rev Biochem 1990 (59):783–836
Guy GR, Chua SP, Wong NS, Ng SB and Tan YH: Interleukin 1 and tumor necrosis factor activate common multiple protein kinases in human fibroblasts. J Biol Chem 1991 (266):14343–14352
Dive C and Hickman JA: Drug-target interactions: only the first step in the commitment to a programmed cell death? Br J Cancer 1991 (64):192–196
Author information
Authors and Affiliations
Editor information
Editors and Affiliations
Rights and permissions
Copyright information
© 1992 Springer-Verlag Berlin Heidelberg
About this paper
Cite this paper
Hickman, J.A. (1992). Membrane and Signal Transduction Targets. In: Workman, P. (eds) New Approaches in Cancer Pharmacology: Drug Design and Development. ESO Monographs. Springer, Berlin, Heidelberg. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-642-77874-2_5
Download citation
DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-642-77874-2_5
Publisher Name: Springer, Berlin, Heidelberg
Print ISBN: 978-3-642-77876-6
Online ISBN: 978-3-642-77874-2
eBook Packages: Springer Book Archive