Skip to main content

Verhaltenstherapie der Zwangsstörungen

Behavior Therapy for OCD: Methods of Therapy and their Results

  • Conference paper
Book cover Zwangsstörungen / Obsessive-Compulsive Disorders

Zusammenfassung

Verhaltenstherapie gilt heute als „Therapie der Wahl“ bei Zwangsstörungen. Umstritten ist noch, unter welchen Voraussetzungen eine begleitende oder auch alternative Psychopharmakotherapie indiziert und wirksam ist.

  1. 1.

    Die Strategie der Verhaltenstherapie (VT) bei Zwangsstörungen wird — unter Berücksichtigung der intraindividuellen und interaktionellen Funktionalitäten von Zwangsverhalten und der Indikationsstellung einer „Symptomtherapie“ vs einer „Therapie am Symptom vorbei“ oder auch „Ursachentherapie“ — im Überblick dargestellt. Die Varianten der Symptomtherapie (v. a. Exposition in vivo) werden angeführt.

  2. 2.

    Die Langzeiteffekte der Verhaltenstherapie werden in einer Übersicht über 9 internationale Katamnesestudien dargestellt, die eine durchschnittliche „Erfolgsquote“ von 75% ergibt. Diese wird kritisch diskutiert, mit Beispielen dafür, wie Unterschiede in Studiendesign, Anwendung der Exposition, multimodalen Ergänzungsbehandlungen zur Symptomtherapie, eingesetzten Meßinstrumenten und in der Operationalisierung von „Erfolg“, berichtete „Therapieergebnisse“ (in VT wie Pharmakotherapie) beeinflussen können.

  3. 3.

    Klinische Erfahrung und Forschungsergebnisse legen nahe, die Zwangsstörungen nicht den Angststörungen zuzuordnen.

  4. 4.

    Empfehlungen für die zukünftige Klassifikation, Forschung und Behandlung der Zwangsstörungen werden abgeleitet.

Summary

Behavior therapy is currently regarded the “treatment of choice” in patients with obsessive-compulsive disorder (OCD). As yet, there is no satisfactory answer to the question of for which patient, under which circumstances, additional or alternative psychopharmacological treatment is needed and effective.

  1. 1.

    First, a strategy of behavior therapy for OCD is described, including a model of intraindividual and interpersonal functions of OCD and emphasizing indications for “symptom treatment” versus “causal treatment”. The various modes and applications of symptom treatments (particularly in vivo exposure) are reviewed.

  2. 2.

    Long-term effects of behavior therapy in OCD are summarized from nine international follow-up studies, indicating a “success rate” of about 75%. This success rate is critically discussed, and examples are given to demonstrate how differences in study design, application of exposure, multimodal treatments additional to exposure, assessment instruments, and operationalization of “success” may have influenced reported “treatment outcomes” (in behavior therapy as well as in pharmacotherapy).

  3. 3.

    Clinical experience and research results indicate that OCD should not be classified as an anxiety disorder.

  4. 4.

    Recommendations are made for future classification, research, and treatment.

This is a preview of subscription content, log in via an institution to check access.

Access this chapter

Chapter
USD 29.95
Price excludes VAT (USA)
  • Available as PDF
  • Read on any device
  • Instant download
  • Own it forever
eBook
USD 54.99
Price excludes VAT (USA)
  • Available as PDF
  • Read on any device
  • Instant download
  • Own it forever
Softcover Book
USD 69.99
Price excludes VAT (USA)
  • Compact, lightweight edition
  • Dispatched in 3 to 5 business days
  • Free shipping worldwide - see info

Tax calculation will be finalised at checkout

Purchases are for personal use only

Institutional subscriptions

Preview

Unable to display preview. Download preview PDF.

Unable to display preview. Download preview PDF.

Literatur

  • Baer L (1991) Getting control: overcoming obsessions and compulsions. Little Brown, Boston Toronto

    Google Scholar 

  • Beech H (1974) Obsessional states. Methuen, London

    Google Scholar 

  • Cammer L (1977) Freedom from compulsion. Pocket, New York

    Google Scholar 

  • Christensen H, Hadzi-Pavlovic D, Andrews G et al. (1987) Behavior therapy and tricyclic medication in the treatment of obsessive compulsive disorder: a quantitative review. J Consult Clin Psychol 55:701–711

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Emmelkamp MG, Beens H (1991) Cognitive therapy with obsessive-compulsive disorder: a comparative evaluation. Behav Res Ther 29:293–300

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Foa E, Steketee G, Grayson J, Doppelt H (1983) Treatment of obsessive-compulsives: When do we fail. In: Foa E, Emmelkamp P (eds) Failures in behavior therapy. Wiley, New York/NY

    Google Scholar 

  • Foa E, Wilson R (1991) Stop obsessing: how to overcome your obsessions and compulsions. Bantam, New York

    Google Scholar 

  • Goodman W, Rasmussen S, Price L et al. (1991) Yale-Brown Obsessive Compulsive Scale (Y-BOCS). Verhaltenstherapie 1:226–233 (dt. Überarbeitung: Büttner-Westphal H, Hand I. Original 1986, 1989)

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Hand I (1986) Verhaltenstherapie und kognitive Therapie in der Psychiatrie. Psychiatrie der Gegenwart, Bd. 1. Springer, Berlin Heidelberg New York Tokyo

    Google Scholar 

  • Hand I (1989) Verhaltenstherapie bei schweren Phobien und Panik — psychologische und medizinische Aspekte. In: Hand I, Wittchen HU (Hrsg) Verhaltenstherapie in der Medizin. Springer, Berlin Heidelberg New York Tokyo

    Chapter  Google Scholar 

  • Hand I (1990) Neurosen: Klassifikation und Diagnostik. In: Baumann U, Perrez M (Hrsg) Lehrbuch klinische Psychologie, Bd. 1. Huber, Bern

    Google Scholar 

  • Hand I (1991a) Neurosen: Interventionen. In: Baumann U, Perrez M (Hrsg) Lehrbuch klinische Psychologie, Bd. 2. Huber, Bern

    Google Scholar 

  • Hand I (1991b) Aggression und soziale Defizite bei psychischen Erkrankungen. In: Pöldinger W, Hand I (Hrsg) Aggression und Autoaggression. Duphar med Script, Bd. 8, Hannover

    Google Scholar 

  • Hand I (im Druck) Verhaltenstherapie für Zwangskranke und deren Angehörige. In: Möller HJ (Hrsg) Therapie psychotischer Erkrankungen. Enke, Stuttgart

    Google Scholar 

  • Hand I, Lamontagne Y, Marks I (1974) Group exposure (flooding) in-vivo for agoraphobics. Br J Psychiatry 124:588–602

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Hand I, Spoehring B, Stanik E (1977) Treatment of obsessions, compulsions and phobias as hidden couple-counseling. In: Boulougouris J, Rabavilas A (eds) Phobic and obsessive compulsive disorders. Pergamon, New York

    Google Scholar 

  • Hand I, Tichatzki M (1979) Behavioral group therapy for obsessions and compulsions. In: Sjöden PO, Bates S, Dockens WS (eds) Trends in behavior therapy. Academic Press, New York

    Google Scholar 

  • Hand I, Büttner-Westphal H, Münchau N (1991) Katamnesen der Therapie-Abbrecher/-Ablehner und Mißerfolgsanalysen. Ergebnisse der Therapie-Pilotstudie. Abschlußbericht für das BMFT (Publikation in Vorb.)

    Google Scholar 

  • Hand I, Lacher M (1988) Treatment for obsessive-compulsive disorders. Paper for Symposium 15: Psychosocial treatments of choice in psychiatry. 141st Annual Meeting of the American Psychiatric Association, Montreal, May 7.–12.

    Google Scholar 

  • Hoffmann N (1990) Wenn Zwänge das Leben einengen. PAL, Mannheim

    Google Scholar 

  • Lakin J (1991) Compulsions: how to stop doing what you don’t want to do. Price Stern Sloan, Los Angeles

    Google Scholar 

  • Marks I (1975) Behavioral treatments of phobic and obsessive compulsive disorders: a critical appraisal. In: Hersen et al. (eds) Progress in behavior modification. Academic Press, New York

    Google Scholar 

  • Marks I (1978) Living with fear. McGraw-Hill, New York

    Google Scholar 

  • Marks I (1987) Fears, phobias and rituals. Oxford Univ Press, New York, Oxford

    Google Scholar 

  • Marks IM, Hodgson R, Rachman S (1975) Treatment of chronic obsessive-compulsive neurosis by in-vivo exposure — two year follow-up and issues in treatment. Br J Psychiatry 127:349–364

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Nagera H (1976) Obsessional Neuroses. Jason Aronson, New York

    Google Scholar 

  • O’Sullivan G, Noshirvani H, Lelliott P, Montero W, Marks IM (1991) Six year follow-up after exposure and Clomipramine for obsessive-compulsive disorders. J Clin Psychiatry 52:150–155

    PubMed  Google Scholar 

  • Pato M (1990) When to discontinue pharmacologic treatment. In: Jenike et al. (eds) Obsessive-compulsive disorders. Yearbook Medical Publishers, Chicago London

    Google Scholar 

  • Rachman S (1983) Obstacles to the successful treatment of obsessions. In: Foa E, Emmelkamp P (eds) Failures in behavior therapy. Wiley & Sons, New York

    Google Scholar 

  • Rachmann S, Hodgson R (1980) Obsessions and compulsions. Prentice-Hall, Englewood-Cliffs, New York

    Google Scholar 

  • Rasmussen S, Eisen J (1990) Epidemiological and clinical features of obsessive-compulsive disorders. In: Jenike et al. (eds) Obsessive-compulsive disorders. Year Book Medical Publishers, Chicago London

    Google Scholar 

  • Reinecker H (1991) Zwänge: Diagnose, Theorien und Behandlung. Huber, Berlin Göttingen Toronto

    Google Scholar 

  • Robins L, Regier D (eds) (1991) Psychiatric disorders in America: the epidemiologic catchment area study. Free Press, New York

    Google Scholar 

  • Salkovskis P, Kirk J (1989) Obsessional disorders. In: Hawton K et al. (eds) Cognitive behavior therapy for psychiatric problems. Oxford Medical Publications, Oxford

    Google Scholar 

  • Salkovskis P, Westbrook D (1989) Behavior therapy and obsessional ruminations: can failure be turned into success? Behav Res Ther 27:149–160

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Steketee G, White K (1990) When once is not enough: help for obsessive-compulsives. New Harlinger Publications, Oakland/CA

    Google Scholar 

  • Zaworka W, Hand I, Jauernig G, Lünenschloß K (1983) HZI, Hamburger Zwangs-Inventar. Manual. Beltz, Weinheim

    Google Scholar 

Download references

Authors

Editor information

Editors and Affiliations

Rights and permissions

Reprints and permissions

Copyright information

© 1992 Springer-Verlag Berlin Heidelberg

About this paper

Cite this paper

Hand, I. (1992). Verhaltenstherapie der Zwangsstörungen. In: Hand, I., Goodman, W.K., Evers, U. (eds) Zwangsstörungen / Obsessive-Compulsive Disorders. Die Reihe dupbar med communication wird / Series dupbar med communication. Springer, Berlin, Heidelberg. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-642-77608-3_15

Download citation

  • DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-642-77608-3_15

  • Publisher Name: Springer, Berlin, Heidelberg

  • Print ISBN: 978-3-540-55618-3

  • Online ISBN: 978-3-642-77608-3

  • eBook Packages: Springer Book Archive

Publish with us

Policies and ethics