Skip to main content

Microfounded Exogenous Explanations

  • Chapter
Wages, Regime Switching, and Cycles
  • 37 Accesses

Abstract

Since the amount of literature on the business has increased greatly over time, it is important to consider criteria for a taxonomy. We think that the distinction between endogenous and exogenous explanations of business cycle is basic not only from an analytical view but also from an economic policy perspective. For these reasons we start classifying the literature on the basis of this distinction, which stresses the origin of the business cycle. The events and variables that are usually treated as exogenous include wars, changes in population, technology, weather, Government spending, and tax laws. They clearly can and often do have major economic consequences that affect the cyclical behavior of the economy. In addition to these factors, which usually show considerable persistence over time (in other words they are serially correlated), there are random shocks, which can be defined as uncorrelated disturbances (white noise) of various kinds that affect the economy.

This is a preview of subscription content, log in via an institution to check access.

Access this chapter

Chapter
USD 29.95
Price excludes VAT (USA)
  • Available as PDF
  • Read on any device
  • Instant download
  • Own it forever
eBook
USD 84.99
Price excludes VAT (USA)
  • Available as PDF
  • Read on any device
  • Instant download
  • Own it forever
Softcover Book
USD 109.99
Price excludes VAT (USA)
  • Compact, lightweight edition
  • Dispatched in 3 to 5 business days
  • Free shipping worldwide - see info

Tax calculation will be finalised at checkout

Purchases are for personal use only

Institutional subscriptions

Preview

Unable to display preview. Download preview PDF.

Unable to display preview. Download preview PDF.

References

  • Adelman, I. and F.L. Adelman (1959): The dynamic properties of the Klein-Goldberger model. Econometrica, 27, 596–625.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Ashenfelter O. and D. Card (1982): Time-series representations of economic variables and alternative models of the labor market. Review of Economic Studies, 49, 761–782.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Barnett, W.A., J. Geweke, and K. Shell (1989) (eds): Economic Complexity: Chaos, Sunspots, Bubbles and Nonlinearity. Cambridge University Press: New York.

    Google Scholar 

  • Blanchard, O.J. (1980): The solution of linear difference models under rational expectations. Econometrica, 48, 1305–1311.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Blanchard, O.J. (1990): Why does money affect output? a survey. In Handbook of Monetary Economics, Volume II, B.M. Friedman and F.H. Hahn (eds). Amsterdam: Elsevier Science Publishers.

    Google Scholar 

  • Blanchard, O.J. and S. Fischer (1989): Lectures on Macroeconmics. Cambridge: MIT Press.

    Google Scholar 

  • Blatt, J.M. (1978): On the econometric approach to business-cycle analysis. Oxford Economic Papers, 30, 292–300.

    Google Scholar 

  • Blatt, J.M. (1980): On the Frisch model of business cycles. Oxford Economic Papers, 32, 467–79.

    Google Scholar 

  • Blinder, A.S. (1987): Keynes, Lucas, and scientific progress. American Economic Review, 77, 130–136.

    Google Scholar 

  • Brock, W.A. (1986): Distinguishing random and deterministic systems: abridged version. Journal of Economic Theory, 40, 168–195.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Brock, W.A. and A.G. Malliaris (1989): Differential Equations, Stability, and Chaos in Dynamic Economics. Amsterdam: North Holland.

    Google Scholar 

  • Buiter, W.H. (1984): Saddlepoint problems in continuous time rational expectations models: a general method and some macroeconomic examples. Econometrica, 52, 665–680.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Diamond, P. and D. Fudenberg (1989): Rational expectations business cycles in search equilibrium. Journal of Political Economy, 97, 606–619.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Drazen, A. (1988): Self-fulfilling optimism in a trade-friction model of the business cycle. American Economic Review, 78, Papers and Proceedings, 369–372.

    Google Scholar 

  • Frisch, R. (1933): Propagation problems and impulse problems in dynamic economics. Economics Essays in Honor of Gustav Cassel. London: Allen and Unwin.

    Google Scholar 

  • Gordon, R.J. (1986): Introduction. In The American Business Cycle: Continuity and Change, R.J. Gordon (ed). Chicago: University of Chicago Press for NBER.

    Google Scholar 

  • Greenwood, J. and G.H. Huffman (1987): A dynamic equilibrium model of inflation and unemployment. Journal of Monetary Economics, 19, 203–228.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Guesnerie, R. (1986): Stationary sunspot equilibria in an N commodity world. Journal of Economic Theory, 40, 103–127.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Hall, R.E. (1980): Labor supply and aggregate fluctuations. Journal of Monetary Economics, 12, 7–33.

    Google Scholar 

  • Henin, P.-Y. (1986): Macrodynamics: Fluctuations and Growth. London and New York: Routledge and Kegan.

    Google Scholar 

  • Kydland, F.E. and E.F. Prescott (1982): Time to build and aggregate fluctuations. Econometrica, 50, 1345–70.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Laidler, D. (1986): The new-classical contribution to macroeconomics. Banca Nazionale del Lavoro Quarterly Review, 156, 27–56.

    Google Scholar 

  • Leijonhufvud, A. (1987): Rational expectations and monetary institutions. In Monetary Theory and Economic Institutions, M. De Cecco and J.P. Fitoussi (eds). London: MacMillan.

    Google Scholar 

  • Leoni, R. (1987): Le Teorie Economiche dell’Offerta di Lavoro. Roma: La Nuova Italia Scientifica.

    Google Scholar 

  • Lines, M. (1990): Modelli di equilibrio e ciclo economici: le ipotesi di Frisch e Slutsky. Ricerche Economiche, 44, 29–50.

    Google Scholar 

  • Long, J.B. and C. Plosser (1983): Real business cycles. Journal of Political Economy, 91, 1345–1370.

    Google Scholar 

  • Lucas, R.E. (1972): Expectations and the neutrality of money. Journal of Economic Theory, 4, 103–124.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Lucas, R.E. (1977): Understanding business cycles. In Stabilization of the Domestic and International Economy, K. Brunner and A.H. Metzler (eds), Carnegie-Rochester Conference. Amsterdam: North Holland.

    Google Scholar 

  • Lucas, R.E. (1984): Studies in Business Cycle Theories. Cambridge: MIT Press.

    Google Scholar 

  • Lucas, R.E. (1987): Models of Business Cycles. Oxford: Basil Blackwell.

    Google Scholar 

  • Lucas, R.E. and L. Rapping (1969): Real wages, employment and inflation. Journal of Political Economy, 77, 721–754.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Mccallum, B.T. (1986): Real business cycle models. Mimeo. Carnegie Mellon University.

    Google Scholar 

  • Modigliani, F. (1977): The monetarist controversy, or should we forsake stabilization policies? American Economic Review, 67, 1–19.

    Google Scholar 

  • Mullineux, A.W. (1990): Business Cycles and Financial Crises. London: Harvester Wheatsheaf.

    Google Scholar 

  • Nickell, S. (1990): Unemployment: a survey. Economic Journal, 100, 391–439.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Okun, A.M. (1980): Rational expectations with misperceptions as a theory of the business cycle. Journal of Money, Credit, and Banking, 12, 817–825.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Phelps, E.S. (1970): Money wage dynamics and labor market equilibrium. In Microfoundations of Employment and Inflation Theory, E.S. Phelps, et al. (eds). New York: Norton.

    Google Scholar 

  • Pissarides, C.A. (1985): Dynamics of unemployment, vacancies and real wages with trade unions. Scandinavian Journal of Economics, 87, 386–403.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Pissarides, C.A. (1987): Search, wage bargains and cycles. Review of Economic Studies, LIV, 473–483.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Pissarides, C.A. (1988): The search equilibrium approach to fluctuations in employment. American Economic Review, 78, 363–368.

    Google Scholar 

  • Pissarides, C.A. (1990): Equilibrium Unemployment Theory. Oxford: Basil Blackwell.

    Google Scholar 

  • Plosser, C.I. (1989): Understanding real business cycles. Journal of Economic Perspectives, 3, 51–77.

    Google Scholar 

  • Sargent, T.J. (1987): Macroeconomic Theory. London: Academic Press.

    Google Scholar 

  • Sheffrin, S.M. (1983): Rational Expectations. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press.

    Google Scholar 

  • Slutsky, E. (1937): The summation of random causes as the source of cyclic processes. Econometrica, 5, 105–146.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Tobin, J. (1980): Asset Accumulation and Economic Activity. Oxford: Basil Blackwell.

    Google Scholar 

  • Vercelli, A. (1987): Keynes dopo Lucas. Roma: La Nuova Italia Scientifica.

    Google Scholar 

  • Woodford, M. (1986): Stationary sunspot equilibria in a finance constrained economy. Journal of Economic Theory, 40, 128–137.

    Article  Google Scholar 

Download references

Author information

Authors and Affiliations

Authors

Rights and permissions

Reprints and permissions

Copyright information

© 1992 Springer-Verlag Berlin · Heidelberg

About this chapter

Cite this chapter

Ferri, P., Greenberg, E. (1992). Microfounded Exogenous Explanations. In: Wages, Regime Switching, and Cycles. Springer, Berlin, Heidelberg. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-642-77241-2_3

Download citation

  • DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-642-77241-2_3

  • Publisher Name: Springer, Berlin, Heidelberg

  • Print ISBN: 978-3-642-77243-6

  • Online ISBN: 978-3-642-77241-2

  • eBook Packages: Springer Book Archive

Publish with us

Policies and ethics