Abstract
Recent information obtained, mainly by recombinant cDNA technology, on structural heterogeneity of hormone and transmitter receptors, of GTP-binding proteins (G-proteins) and, especially, of G-protein-linked receptors is reviewed and the implications of structural heterogeneity for diversity of hormone and transmitter actions is discussed. For the future, three-dimensional structural analysis of membrane proteins participating in signal transmission and transduction pathways is needed in order to understand the molecular basis of allosteric regulatory mechanisms governing the interactions between these proteins including hysteretic properties and cell-cybernetic aspects.
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Abbreviations
- AcCh:
-
acetylcholine
- nAcChR:
-
nicotinic acetylcholine receptor
- GABAA :
-
receptor which binds γ-aminobutyric acid (GABA)
- Purinergic (P) ligands ATP, ADP, AMP and adenosine, cf. Burnstock, 1978:
-
[Purinergic (P) ligands ATP, ADP, AMP and adenosine, cf. Burnstock, 1978; Burnstock and Kennedy, 1985]
- G:
-
proteins: heterotrimeric GTP-binding proteins composed of α-, β- and γ-subunits
- Gs :
-
stimulatory G-protein
- Gi :
-
inhibitory G-protein
- Go :
-
brain-derived G-protein
- Gt (transducin):
-
rhodopsin-linked G-protein etc.
- ras, rho, etc., small monomeric G:
-
proteins
- GAP-43:
-
growth-associated protein with M r 43000
- ARF:
-
ADP-ribosylating factor
- GAP:
-
GTPase-activating protein
- GEF:
-
GDP-exchange factor
- GTP[γS]:
-
guanosine 5′-O-(3-thiotriphosphate)
- Ptdlns:
-
phosphatidyl 1-inositol
- MDCK cells:
-
Madin-Darby canine kidney cells
- GH4C1 :
-
pituitary cell line from the rat
- BALB:
-
c-3T3 cells are from a mouse fibroblast cell line
- Carazolol:
-
1-(9H-carbazol-4-yloxy)-3-[(1-methylethyl)-amino]-2-propanol is a β-adrenergic blocker
- CGP-12177 is a β-adrenergic antagonist and the Ciba Geigy product 12177:
-
4-[3-(t-butyl-amino)-2-hydroxypropoxy]benz-imidazol-2-on
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Boege, F., Neumann, E., Helmreich, E.J.M. (1991). Structural heterogeneity of membrane receptors and GTP-binding proteins and its functional consequences for signal transduction. In: Christen, P., Hofmann, E. (eds) EJB Reviews 1991. EJB Reviews 1991, vol 1991. Springer, Berlin, Heidelberg. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-642-77200-9_6
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