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Bildgebende Verfahren in der Epilepsiediagnostik

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Epileptische Anfälle
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Zusammenfassung

Die moderne neurologische Diagnostik ist durch die bildgebenden Verfahren wesentlich bereichert worden. In der Epilepsiediagnostik erbringt die Kernspintomographie in ungefähr 20% der Fälle wichtige Hinweise auf ein fokales Krankheitsgeschehen. Die Kernspintomographie ist damit doppelt so sensitiv wie die kraniale Computertomographie. Der positive Nachweis eines Herdbefundes gelingt mit der SPECT in ca. 50% der Fälle, wobei dem kombinierten Nachweis einer iktalen Aktivitätsanreicherung an der Stelle eines interiktal hypoperfundierten Herdes eine besonders hohe lokalisatorische Aussagekraft zukommt. Bei weitem die höchste Sensitivität erreichen positronenemissions-tomographische Untersuchungen des regionalen Glukosestoffwechsels sowohl in Hinblick auf den Nachweis eines Herdbefundes als auch in Hinblick auf die Seitenlokalisation des Herdes. Neue Liganden für positronenemissionstomo-graphische Untersuchungen, die sich an spezifische Membranproteine von Nervenzellen binden, sind in der Entwicklung. Eine Artdiagnose des zugrundeliegenden pathologischen Prozesses kann durch die bildgebenden Verfahren jedoch nicht erzielt werden. Durch die Möglichkeit, mit den bildgebenden in Verbindung mit der klinischen Anfallanalyse und mit elektroenzephalographi-schen Ableitungen einen epileptischen Fokus zu identifizieren und lokalisieren, ergeben sich neue Perspektiven für chirurgische Behandlungsverfahren von Patienten mit medikamentös refraktärer fokaler Epilepsie.

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© 1992 Springer-Verlag Berlin Heidelberg

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Seitz, R.J., Witte, O.W. (1992). Bildgebende Verfahren in der Epilepsiediagnostik. In: Walden, J., Witte, O.W., Speckmann, EJ. (eds) Epileptische Anfälle. Springer, Berlin, Heidelberg. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-642-77136-1_5

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  • DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-642-77136-1_5

  • Publisher Name: Springer, Berlin, Heidelberg

  • Print ISBN: 978-3-540-54872-0

  • Online ISBN: 978-3-642-77136-1

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