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Entstehungsmechanismen von Krampfpotentialen im Elektroenzephalogramm

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Epileptische Anfälle

Zusammenfassung

Bekanntlich spiegelt sich die Tätigkeit von Nervenzellen auch in bioelektrischen Potentialen wider. Diese bioelektrische Aktivität entsteht an den Membranen der Neurone. Sie läßt sich nicht nur aus dem intrazellulären Raum über die Membran, sondern auch aus dem Extrazellulärraum erfassen. Die aus dem Umfeld der neuronalen Elemente abgeleiteten Potentiale werden sinngemäß als Feldpotentiale bezeichnet. Im Zentralnervensystem können sich die Feldpotentiale so weit ausbreiten, daß sie auch von der Oberfläche einzelner Hirnstrukturen und sogar von der Kopfhaut als Elektroenzephalogramm (EEG) registrierbar sind. Feldpotentiale zentralvenöser Strukturen sind für die Untersuchung der Hirnfunktion von großer Bedeutung. So stellt das EEG für die Diagnostik epileptischer Anfälle sowie für die Überwachung einer Epilepsietherapie ein wesentliches Hilfsmittel dar. Im folgenden werden die Prozesse beschrieben, die der Generierung von epileptischen Entladungen, sog. Krampfpotentialen im EEG zugrundeliegen. Dabei werden zunächst die Mechanismen der Feldpotentialentstehung bei partiellen und darauf diejenigen bei generalisierten tonisch-klonischen Modellepilepsien im Tierexperiment erläutert.

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© 1992 Springer-Verlag Berlin Heidelberg

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Speckmann, EJ., Straub, H., Walden, J. (1992). Entstehungsmechanismen von Krampfpotentialen im Elektroenzephalogramm. In: Walden, J., Witte, O.W., Speckmann, EJ. (eds) Epileptische Anfälle. Springer, Berlin, Heidelberg. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-642-77136-1_3

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  • DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-642-77136-1_3

  • Publisher Name: Springer, Berlin, Heidelberg

  • Print ISBN: 978-3-540-54872-0

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