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Therapeutic Use of Somatostatin and Octreotide Acetate in Neuroendocrine Tumors

  • Conference paper
Somatostatin

Part of the book series: Basic and Clinical Aspects of Neuroscience ((BASIC,volume 4))

Abstract

Somatostatin (SS) is a cyclic polypeptide that is produced in different forms and has inhibitory effects on a number of functions. A single gene encodes a SS precursor that is processed to yield two smaller active forms, SS-14 and SS-28 [89]. Both polypeptide forms share the same 14 amino acids at the carboxy terminal, and they appear to be equally potent in producing a biological response [99]. The four amino acids Phe-Trp-Lys-Thr at positions 7–10 in the β turn of the molecule are required for bioactivity [97]. Both the linear (reduced) and the disulfide-linked cyclic forms of SS are biologically active; however, the lesser potency of non-cyclic peptides suggests that a specific conformational structure is required for maximal activity. SS-14 and SS-28 are produced by cells in the central nervous system (CNS — primarily the hypothalamus), pancreatic islets (D cells), and epithelial and neuronal areas of the gastrointestinal (GI) tract. There is selective processing of the SS precursor to yield different proportions of the two peptides, which may have different effects in different tissues or on specific functions. SS-14 appears to be the predominant form secreted by neuronal and pancreatic islet cells, whereas SS-28 appears to be the predominant form released by cells in the lower intestine.

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  1. Oklahoma Foundation for Digestive Research, Oklahoma City, OK, USA

    P. N. Maton

  2. Department of Medicine, University of Hawaii Medical School, Honolulu, Hawaii, USA

    R. F. Arakaki

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Maton, P.N., Arakaki, R.F. (1992). Therapeutic Use of Somatostatin and Octreotide Acetate in Neuroendocrine Tumors. In: Somatostatin. Basic and Clinical Aspects of Neuroscience, vol 4. Springer, Berlin, Heidelberg. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-642-76948-1_5

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