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Ontogenetic Development of Brain Barrier Mechanisms

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Physiology and Pharmacology of the Blood-Brain Barrier

Part of the book series: Handbook of Experimental Pharmacology ((HEP,volume 103))

Abstract

The state of development of “the” blood-brain barrier in the immature brain remains a muddled and rather contentious matter, in spite of many decades of study. This is probably mainly because of a rather general preconception that a barrier present in the adult brain would necessarily be immature or absent in the fetal brain. For example, Barcroft (1938) used the following teleological argument: “There is no reason why the brain of the embryo should require an environment of very great chemical constancy. It will of course require a certain minimum of the various materials necessary for growth, but otherwise on first principles we must suppose that the good things of the life may exist in and may vary in the foetal blood to an extent much greater than in the maternal.” This misconception is compounded by the fact that the term “blood-brain barrier” has come to describe a wide range of barrier mechanisms that contribute to the overall control of the stable internal environment of the adult brain. Often the term is used without clear specification of which barriers are being considered. Some of these barriers are undoubtedly immature in the developing brain. However, the original (and in many ways the fundamental) blood-brain barrier which was first described is the barrier that excludes or largely excludes protein in the blood from entering the brain and cerebrospinal fluid (CSF). It is formed very early indeed during brain development. Probably, as will be discussed in Sect. B this occurs as the vessels first penetrate into the brain substance (blood-brain barrier) and as the choroid plexus epithelial cells first differentiate (blood-CSF barrier).

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Abbreviations

BUI:

Brain uptake index

cAMP:

Cyclic adenosine monophosphate

CSF:

Cerebrospinal fluid

ECF:

Extracellular fluid

HRP:

Horseradish peroxidase

P:

Postnatal age in days

E:

Embryonic age in days

CRL:

Crown — rump length

IP:

Intraperitoneal

IV:

Intravenous

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Authors
  1. N. R. Saunders
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Editors and Affiliations

  1. Physiology Group Biomedical Sciences Division King’s College London, University of London, Strand, WC2R 2LS, London, Great Britain

    Michael W. B. Bradbury M.A., D.M. (Oxon)

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© 1992 Springer-Verlag Berlin Heidelberg

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Saunders, N.R. (1992). Ontogenetic Development of Brain Barrier Mechanisms. In: Bradbury, M.W.B. (eds) Physiology and Pharmacology of the Blood-Brain Barrier. Handbook of Experimental Pharmacology, vol 103. Springer, Berlin, Heidelberg. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-642-76894-1_14

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  • DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-642-76894-1_14

  • Publisher Name: Springer, Berlin, Heidelberg

  • Print ISBN: 978-3-642-76896-5

  • Online ISBN: 978-3-642-76894-1

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