Abstract
A number of trace metals are normally present within the central nervous system (CNS), and may have effects on its function. Several, e.g., zinc, iron, copper and manganese are essential for normal brain development and function. Others, e.g., lead and mercury, have no known essential role, but may be toxic even at low concentrations. Of the essential metals, most may be toxic to the brain at high concentration, e.g., zinc, copper and manganese.
This is a preview of subscription content, log in via an institution.
Buying options
Tax calculation will be finalised at checkout
Purchases are for personal use only
Learn about institutional subscriptionsPreview
Unable to display preview. Download preview PDF.
Abbreviations
- BBB:
-
Blood-brain barrier
- CSF:
-
Cerebrospinal fluid
- DIDS:
-
4,4′-diisothiocyanostilbene-2,2′-disulphonic acid
- EDTA:
-
Ethylenediaminetetraacetic acid
- HEPES:
-
Hydroxyethylpiperazine ethanesulphonic acid
- FCCP:
-
Carbonyl cyanide 4-(trifluoromethoxy) phenylhydrazone
References
Adu J, Bradbury MWB, Buxani S (1990) 65Zn transport into brain and other soft tissues of the rat. J Physiol (Lond) 423:40P
Al-Modhefer AJA, Bradbury MWB, Simons TJB (1990) The chemical state of lead in human blood serum. J Physiol (Lond) 422:56P
Blasberg RG, Fenstermacher JD, Patlak CS (1983) Transport of y-aminoisobutyric acid across brain capillary and cellular membranes. J Cereb Blood Flow Metab 3:8–32
Bradbury MWB, Deane R (1986) Rate of uptake of lead-203 into brain and other soft tissues of the rat at constant radiotracer levels in plasma. Ann NY Acad Sci 481:142–160
Buxani S, Adu J (1991) Histidine-stimulated 65Zn transport at the BBB of the anaesthetized rat. J Physiol (Lond) 438:121P
Chitambar CR, Zivkovic Z (1987) Uptake of gallium-67 by human leukemic cells: demonstration of transferrin receptor-dependent and transferrin-independent mechanisms. Cancer Res 47:3929–3934
Davson H (1955) A comparative study of the aqueous and cerebrospinal fluid in the rabbit. J Physiol (Lond) 129:111–133
Deane R, Bradbury MWB (1990) Transport of lead-203 at the blood-brain barrier during short cerebrovascular perfusion with esaline in the rat. J Neurochem 54:905–914
Evered DC, Lawrenson G (1980) Biological roles of copper. Ciba Found Symp 79
Fishman JB, Rubin JB, Handrahan JV, Fine RE (1987) Receptormediated transcytosis of transferrin across the blood-brain barrier. J Neurosci Res 18:299–304
Foote JW, Delves HT (1984) Albumin bound and a2-macroglobulin bound zinc concentrations in the sera of healthy adults. J Clin Pathol 37:1050–1054
Giroux EL, Henkin RI (1972) Competition for zinc among serum albumin andamino acids. Biochim Biophys Acta 273:64–72
Giugliano R, Mill ward DJ (1984) Growth and zinc homeostasis in the severely zinc-deficient rat. Br J Nutr 52:545–560
Hallman PS, Perrin DD, Watt AE (1971) The computed distribution of copper (II) and zinc (II) ions among seventeen amino acids in human plasma. Biochem J 11:549–555
Harris WR, Keen C (1989) Calculations of the distribution of zinc in a computer model of human serum. J Nutr 119:1677–1682
Huebers HA, Finch CA (1987) The physiology of transferrin and transferrin receptors. Physiol Rev 67:520–582
Hughes CCW, Lantos PL (1986) Brain capillary endothelial cells in vitro lack surface IgGFc receptors. Neurosci Lett 68:100–106
Jefferies WA, Brandon MR, Hunt SV, Williams AF, Gatter KC, Mason DY (1984) Transferrin receptor on endothelium of brain capillaries. Nature 312:162–163
Kalfakakou V, Simons TJB (1990) Anionic mechanisms of zinc uptake across the human red cell membrane. J Physiol (Lond) 421:485–497
Kasarskis EJ (1984) Zinc metabolism in normal and zincdeficient rat brain. Exp Neurol 84:114–127
Kivalo P, Virtanen R, Wickstrom K, Wilson M, Pungor E, Horvai G, Toth K (1976) An evaluation of some commercial lead (Il)-selective electrodes. Anal Chim Acta 87:401–409
Luthert PJ, Greenwood J, Pratt OE, Lantos PL (1987) The effect of a metabolic inhibitor upon the properties of the cerebral vasculature during a whole head saline perfusion of the rat. Q J Exp Physiol 72:129–141
Magneson GR, Puvathingal JM, Ray WJ (1987) The concentrations of free Mg2+and free Zn2+ in equine blood plasma. J Biol Chem 262:11140–11148
Manton WI, Cook JD (1984) High accuracy (stable isotope dilution) measurements of lead in cerebrospinal fluid. Br J Ind Med 41:313–319
Martell AE, Smith RM (1974–1989) Critical stability constants, vols 1–6. Plenum, New York
Martin RB, Savory J, Brown S, Bertholf RL, Wills MR (1987) Transferrin binding of Al3+ and Fe3+. Clin Chem 33:405–407
May PM, Linder PW, Williams DR (1977) Computer simulation of metal-ion equilibria in biofluids: models for the low-molecularweight complex distribution of calcium (II), magnesium (II), manganese (II), iron (III), copper (II), zinc (II) and lead (II) ions in human blood plasma. J Chem Soc Dalton: 588–595
May WS, Cuatrecasas F (1985) Transferrin receptor: its biological significance. J Membr Biol 33:205–215
Mills CF (1989) Zinc in human biology. Springer, Berlin Heidelberg New York
Ohno K, Pettigrew KD, Rapoport SI (1978) Lower limits of cerebrovascular permeability to nonelectrolytes in the conscious rat. Am J Physiol 235:H299–H307
Osterberg R (1971) The initial equilibrium steps in the interactions of bovine plasma albumin and Zn (II) ions. A potentiostatic study. Acta Chem Scand 25:3827–3840
Parisi AF, Vallee BL (1970) Isolation of a zinc a2-macroglobulin in human serum. Biochemistry 9:2421–2426
Patlak CS, Blasberg RG, Fenstermacher JD (1983) Graphical evaluation of blood-to-brain transfer constants from multiple-time uptake data. J Cereb Blood Flow Metab 3:1–7
Pratt OE (1985) Continuous-injection methods for the measurement of flux across the blood-brain barrier: the steady-state, initial rate method. In: Marks N, Rodnight R (eds) Methods in neurochemistry, vol 6. Plenum, New York, pp 117–150
Pullen RGL, Candy JM, Morris CM, Taylor G, Keith AB, Edwardson JA (1990) Gallium-67 as a potential marker for aluminium transport in rat brain: implications for Alzheimer’s disease. J Neurochem 55:251–259
Simons TJB (1985) Influence of lead ions on cation permeability in human red cell ghosts. J Membr Biol 84:61–67
Simons TJB (1986) Passive transport and binding of lead by human red blood cells. J Physiol (Lond) 378:267–286
Takasato Y, Rapoport SI, Smith QR (1984) An in situ brain perfusion technique to study cerebrovascular transport in the rat. Am J Physiol 247:H484–H493
Taylor E, Morgan EH (1990) Developmental changes in transferrin and iron uptake by the brain in the rat. Dev Brain Res 55:35–42
Williams RB, Mills CF (1970) The experimental production of zinc deficiency in the rat. Br J Nutr 24:989–1003
Zlokovic BV, Begley DJ, Djuricic BM, Mitrovic DM (1986) Measurement of solute transport across the blood-brain barrier in the perfused guinea pig brain: method and application to N-methyl-aminoisobutyric acid. J Neurochem 46: 1444–1451
Editor information
Editors and Affiliations
Rights and permissions
Copyright information
© 1992 Springer-Verlag Berlin Heidelberg
About this chapter
Cite this chapter
Bradbury, M.W.B. (1992). Trace Metal Transport at the Blood-Brain Barrier. In: Bradbury, M.W.B. (eds) Physiology and Pharmacology of the Blood-Brain Barrier. Handbook of Experimental Pharmacology, vol 103. Springer, Berlin, Heidelberg. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-642-76894-1_10
Download citation
DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-642-76894-1_10
Publisher Name: Springer, Berlin, Heidelberg
Print ISBN: 978-3-642-76896-5
Online ISBN: 978-3-642-76894-1
eBook Packages: Springer Book Archive