Skip to main content
SpringerLink
Log in

Monoklonale Gammopathien

  • Chapter
Book cover Diagnostische Hämatologie

Zusammenfassung

Immunglobuline (Ig) werden in Abhängigkeit von den das Molekül aufbauenden Polypeptidketten in Klassen und Typen unterteilt (Übersicht bei [94, 110a, 169]). Jedes Ig-Molekül besteht aus 2 leichten und 2 schweren Ketten, die durch Disulfidbrücken miteinander verbunden sind (Abb. 11.1).

This is a preview of subscription content, log in via an institution to check access.

Access this chapter

Log in via an institution
Chapter
USD 29.95
Price excludes VAT (USA)
  • Available as PDF
  • Read on any device
  • Instant download
  • Own it forever
eBook
USD 89.00
Price excludes VAT (USA)
  • Available as PDF
  • Read on any device
  • Instant download
  • Own it forever
Softcover Book
USD 119.99
Price excludes VAT (USA)
  • Compact, lightweight edition
  • Dispatched in 3 to 5 business days
  • Free shipping worldwide - see info

Tax calculation will be finalised at checkout

Purchases are for personal use only

Institutional subscriptions

Preview

Unable to display preview. Download preview PDF.

Unable to display preview. Download preview PDF.

Literatur

  1. Aisenberg AC (1991) Malignant lymphoma. Lea and Febiger, Philadelphia

    Google Scholar 

  2. Alexanian R (1980) Localized indolent multiple myeloma. Blood 56:521–526

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  3. Alexanian R, Balcerzak S, Bonnet J, Gehan E, Haut A, Hewlett J, Monto R (1975) Prognostic factors in multiple myeloma. Cancer 36:1192

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  4. Alexanian R, Bariogie B, Fritsche H (1985) Beta2 microglobulin in multiple myeloma. Am J Haematol 20:345–351

    CAS  Google Scholar 

  5. Alt FW, Baltimore D (1982) Joining of immunoglobulin heavy chain gene segments: Implications from a chromosome with evidence of three D-J H fusions. Proc Natl Acad Sci USA 79:4118–4122

    CAS  Google Scholar 

  6. Alt FW, BlackweIl TK, Yancopoulos GD (1987) Development of the primary antibody repertoire. Science 238: 1079–1087

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  7. Anderson KC, Park EK, Bates MP, Leonard RCF, Hardy R, Schlossman SF, Nadler LM (1983) Antigens on human plasma celIs identified by monoclonal antiboides. J Immunol 130: 1132–1138

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  8. Anderson KC, Boyd A W, Fisher DC, Leslie D, Schlossman SF, Nadler LM (1985) Hairy cell leukemia: a tumor of pre-plasma cells. Blood 65:620–629

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  9. Arend WP, Adamson JS (1974) Nonsecretory myeloma. Immunfluorescent demonstration of paraprotein within bone marrow plasma cells. Cancer 33:721–728

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  10. Asaoku H, Kawano M, Iwato K, Tanabe O, Tanaka H, Hirano T, Kishimoto T, Kuramoto A (1988) Decrease in BSF-2/IL-6 response in advanced cases of multiple myeloma. Blood 72:429–432

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  11. Axelsson U, Bachmann R, HaIlen J (1966) Frequency of pathological proteins (Mcomponents) in 6995 sera from an adult population. Acta Med Scand 179:235

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  12. Azar HA (1973) The myeloma cell. In: Multiple myeloma and related disorders. Hrsg: Azar HA, Potter M, Harper & Row, New York - Evanston - San FranciscoLondon, SS 86–152

    Google Scholar 

  13. Bariogie B, A1exanian R, Gehan EA, SmaIlwood L, Smith T, Drewinko B (1983) Marrow cytometry and prognosis in myeloma. J Clin Invest 72:853–861

    Google Scholar 

  14. Barlogie B, Raber MN, Schumann J, Johnson TS, Drewinko B, Swartzendruber DE, Goehde W, Andreeff M, Freireich EJ (1983) Flow cytometry in clinical cancer research. Cancer Res 43:3982–3997

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  15. Barlogie B, Alexanian R, Dixon D, Smith L, Smallwood L, Delasalle K (1985) Prognostic implications of tumor cell DNA and RNA content in multiple myeloma. Blood 66:338–341

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  16. Barlogie B, Alexanian R, Pershouse M, Smallwood L, Smith L (1985) Cytoplasmic immunoglobulin content in multiple myeloma. J Clin Invest 76:765–769

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  17. Barlogie B, Alexanian R, SmaIlwood L, Cheson B, Dixon D, Kicke K, Cabanillas F (1988) Prognostic Factors With High-Dose Melphalan for Refractory Multiple Myeloma. Blood 72:2015–2019

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  18. Barlogie B, Epstein J, Salvanayagam P, Alexanian R (1989) Plasma CeIl MyelomaNew Biological Insights and Advances in therapy. Blood 73:865–879

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  19. Bartl R, Frisch B, Burkhardt R, Fateh-Moghadam A, Mahl G, Gierster P, Sund M, Kettner G (1982) Bone marrow histology in myeloma: its importance in diagnosis, prognosis, classification and staging. Brit J Haematol 51:361–375

    CAS  Google Scholar 

  20. Bartl R, Frisch B, Fateh-Moghadam A et al (1987) Histologic classification and staging of multiple myeloma: a retrospective and prospective study of 674 cases. Am J Clin Pathol 87:342–355

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  21. Bataille R, Sany J (1981) Solitary myeloma. Clinical and prognostic features of a review of 114 cases. Cancer 48:845–851

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  22. Bataille R. Grenier J, Sany J (1984) Beta-2-microglobulin in myeloma: Optimal use for staging, prognosis, and treatment -a prospective study of 160patients. Blood 63:468–476

    CAS  Google Scholar 

  23. Bataille R, Jourdan M, Zhang XG, Klein B (1989) Serum Levels of Interleukin 6, a Potent Myeloma Cell Growth Factor, as a Reflect of Disease Severity in Plasma Cell Dyscrasias. J Clin Invest 84:2008–2011

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  24. Bauer K 1980 I. A Waldenstroem macroglobulin which binds 3-amino-2,4,6- triiodo-benzoic acid-I. Immunochemical characterization of the reaction: Positive cooperation between antigenbinding sites of this IgM reacting with divalent compounds. Mol Immunol 17:1181–1194

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  25. Bauer K, Tragl KH, Bauer G, Vycudilik W, Hoecker P (1974) Intravasale Denaturierung von Plasmaproteinen bei einer IgM-Paraproteinaemie, ausgelöst durch ein intravenös verabreichtes lebergängiges Röntgenkontrastmittel. Wien Klin Wochenschr 86:766–769

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  26. Bayrd ED (1948) The bone marrow on sternal aspiration in multiple myeloma. Blood 3:987–1018

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  27. Belch A, Shelley W, Bergsagel D, et al. (1988) A randomized trial of maintenance versus no maintenance melphalan and prednisone in responding multiple myeloma patients. Br J Cancer 57:94–99

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  28. Bergsagel DE (1975) Plasma cell myeloma: Prognostic factors and criteria of response to therapy. In: Staquet MJ (ed) Cancer therapy: Prognostic factors and criteria of response. Raven, New York, p 73

    Google Scholar 

  29. Bergsagel DE (1977) Macroglobulinemia. In: Williams WJ, Beutler E, Erslev AJ, Rundles RW (eds) Hematology, 2nd edn. McGraw-Hill, New York, p 1126

    Google Scholar 

  30. Bergui L, Schena M, Gaidano G, Riva M, Caligaris-Cappio F (1989) Interleukin 3 and Interleukin 6 Synergistically Promote the Proliferation and Differentiation o Malignant Plasma Cell Precursors in Multiple Myeloma. J Exp Med 168:613

    Google Scholar 

  31. Bitter MA, Komaiko W, Franklin WA (1985) Giant lymph node hyperplasia with osteoblastic bone lesions and the POEMS (Takatsuki’s) syndrome. Cancer 56:188–194

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  32. Boccadoro M, Gavarotti P, Fossati g, Pileri A, Marmont F, Neretto G, Gallamini A, Volta C, Tribalto M, Testa MG, Amadori S, Mandelli F, Durie BGM (1984) Low plasma cell 3H-thymidine incorporation in monoclonal gammopathy of undetermined significance (MGUS), smouldering myeloma and remission phase myeloma: a reliable indicator of patients not requiring therapy. Brit J Haematol 58:689–696

    CAS  Google Scholar 

  33. Boccadoro M, Marmont F, Fassati G, Redoglia V, Battaglio S, Massaia M, Gallamini A, Comotti B, Barbui T, Campobasso N, Dammacco F, Cantonetti M, Petrucci MT, Mandelli F, Resegotti L, Pileri A (1989) Early responder myeloma: kinetic studies identify a patient subgroup characterized by very poor prognosis. J Clin Oncol 7: 19–125

    Google Scholar 

  34. Bouvet JP, Feingold J, Oriol R, Liacopoulos P (1975) Statistical study on double paraproteinemias: Evidence for a common cellular origin of both myeloma globulins. Biomed 22:517–523

    CAS  Google Scholar 

  35. Brouet JC, Clauvel JP, Danon F, Klein M, Seligman M (1974) Biological and clinical significance of cryoglobulins. A report of 86 cases. Am J Med 57:775

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  36. Brouet JC, Fermand P, Laurent G, Grange MJ, Chevalier A, Jacquillat C, Seligmann M (1985) The association of chronic lymphocytic leukaemia and multiple myeloma: a study of eleven patients. Brit J Haematol 59:55–66

    CAS  Google Scholar 

  37. Caligaris-Cappio F, Bergui L, Tesio L, Pizzolo G, Malavasi F, Chilosi M, Champana D, van Camp B, Janossy G (1985) Identification of malignant plasma cell precursors in the bone marrow of multiple myeloma. J Clin Invest 76:1243–1251

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  38. Carter A, Hocherman I, Linn S, Cohen Y, Tatarsky I (1987) Prognostic significance of plasma cell morphology in multiple myeloma. Cancer 60:1060–1065

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  39. Cassuto JP, Krebs BP, Viot G, Dujardin P, Masseyeff R (1978) B2-microglobulin, a tumour marker of lymphoproliferative disorders. Lancet 2:108

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  40. Catovsky D, Costello C, Loukopoulos D, Fessas PR, Foc1ey JM, Traub NE, Mills MJ, O’Brien M (1981) Hairy Cell leukemia and myelomatosis: chance association of clinical manifestations of the same B cell diseases spectrum. Blood 57:758–763

    Google Scholar 

  41. Child JA, Crawford SM, Norfolk DR, O’Quigley J, Scarffe JH, Struthers LPL (1983) Evaluation of serum beta-2-microglobulin as a prognostic indicator in myelomatosis. Brit J Cancer 47:111–114

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  42. Cjeka J, Kithier K (1979) IgD myeloma protein with “uncreative” light chain determinants. Clin Chern 25:1495–1498

    Google Scholar 

  43. Cleary ML, Galili N, Trela M, Levy R, Sklar J (1988) Single cell origin ofbigenotypic and biphenotypic B cell proliferations in human follicular lymphomas. J Exp Med 167:582–597

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  44. Clutterbuck EJ, Hirst EMA, Sanderson CJ (1989) Human interleukin-5 (IL-5) regulates the production of eosinophils in human bone marrow vultures: Comparison and interaction with 11–1, IL-3, IL-6, and GM-CSF. Blood 73:1504–1512

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  45. Conklin R, Alexanian R (1975) Clinical classification of plasma cell myeloma. Arch Intern Med 135: 139–143

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  46. Cooper MD (1987) B Lymphocytes: Normal development and function. N Engl J Med 317:1452

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  47. Cuzick J, Cooper EH, MacLennan ICM (1985) The prognostic value of serum beta2 microglobulin compared with other presentation features in myelomatosis. Brit J Cancer 52: 1–6

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  48. Dammaco F, Waldenstroem J (1968) Bence Jones proteinuria in benign monoclonal gammopathies: incidence and characteristics. Acta Med Scand 184:403

    Google Scholar 

  49. Davies SV, Jones B, Starkie CM, Murray JA (1989) Bulky extramedullary plasmocytomata: rare mode of relapse in myelomatosis. J Clin Pathol 42:246--249

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  50. Dellagi K, Brouet JC, Danon F (1979) Cross-idiotypic antigens among monoclonal immunoglobulin-M from patients with Waldenstroem’s macroglobulinemia and polyneuropathy. J Clin Invest 64: 1530–1534

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  51. Dellagi K, Brouet JC, Perreau J, Paulin D (1982) Human monoclonal IgM with autoantibody activity against intermediate filaments. Proc Nat! Acad Sci 79:446--450

    CAS  Google Scholar 

  52. Dellagi K, Dupouey P, Brouet JC, Billecocq A, Gomez D, Clauvel JP, Seligmann M (1983) Waldenstroem’s macroglobulinemia and peripheral neuropathy: A clinical and immunologic study of 25 patients. Blood 62:280–285

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  53. Deuel TF, Mellstedt H (1985) Waldenstroem’s Macroglobulinaemia. Lancet 311- 312

    Google Scholar 

  54. Deuel TF, Davis P, Avioli LV (1983) Waldenstroem’s Macroglobulinemia. Arch Intern Med 143:986--988

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  55. Deutsch E, Neumann E, Niessner H (1976) Zur Pathogenese der haemorrhagischen Diathesen bei monoclonalen Gammopathien. Haematol Bluttransfus 18:357

    CAS  Google Scholar 

  56. Drach J, Gattringer C, Glassl H, Berchtold D, Huber H (1991) Cell Kinetics in multiple myeloma: determination of the growth fraction by Ki-67 (zur Publikation eingereicht).

    Google Scholar 

  57. Drach J, Gattringer C, Huber H (1991) Expression of the neural adhesion molecule (CD56) by human myeloma cells. Clin Exp Immunol 83:418–422

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  58. Dührsen U, Uppenkamp M, Meusers P, König E, Brittinger G (1988) Frequent association of idiopathic myelofibrosis with plasma cell dyscrasias. Blut 56:97–102

    PubMed  Google Scholar 

  59. Durie BGM, Salmon SE (1975) A clinical staging system for multiple myeloma. Cancer 36: 842

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  60. Durie BGM, Salmon SE (1975b) High speed scintillation autoradiography. Science 190: 1093–1095

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  61. Durie BGM, Grogan TM (1985) CALLA-positive myeloma: An aggressive subtype with poor survival. Blood 66:229–232

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  62. Durie B, Salmon S, Moon T (1980) Pretreatment tumor mass, cell kinetics, and prognosis in multiple myeloma. Blood 55:364–372

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  63. Epstein J, Barlogie B, Katzman J, Alexanian R (1988) Phenotypic heterogeneity in aneuploid multiple myeloma indicates pre-B cell involvement. Blood 71:861–865

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  64. Epstein J, Xiao H, He XY (1990) Markers of multiple hematopoietic-cell lineages in multiple myeloma. N Engl J Med 322:663–8

    Google Scholar 

  65. Fahey JL, Barth WF, Solomon A (1965) Serum hyperviscosity syndrome. J Am Med Ass 192:464

    CAS  Google Scholar 

  66. Fermand JP, James JM, Herait P, Brouet JC (1985) Associated chronic lymphocytic leukemia and multiple myeloma: Origin from a Single Clone. Blood 66:291–293

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  67. Fine JM (1972) Frequency of monoclonal gammopathy (M components) in 13,400 sera from blood donors. Vox Sang 23: 336

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  68. Foucar K, Raber M, Foucar E, Barlogie B, Sandler CM, Alexanian R (1983) Anaplastic myeloma with massive extramedullary involvement. Cancer 51: 166–174

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  69. Frangione B, Franklin EC (1973) Heavy chain diseases: Clinical features and molecular significance of the disordered immunoglobulin structure. Semin Hematol1O:53

    Google Scholar 

  70. Frank MM (1977) Pathophysiology of immune hemolytic anemia. Ann Intern Med 87:210

    Google Scholar 

  71. Frick PG, Schmid JR, Kistler HJ, Hitzig WH (1967) Hyponatriemia associated with hyperproteinemia in multiple myeloma. Helv Med Acta 33:317

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  72. Fritz E, Ludwig H, Kundi M (1984) Prognostic relevance of cellular morphology in multiple myeloma. Blood 63: 1072–1079

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  73. Fuelle HH, Pribilla W (1973) Diagnose und Therapie der Plasmazelleukaemie. Deutsch Med Wochenschr 98:874

    Google Scholar 

  74. Galton DAG (1972) Myelomatosis. In: Hoffbrand AV, Lewis SM (eds) Haematology. Heinemann, London (Tutorials in postgraduate medicine, vol 2)

    Google Scholar 

  75. Gassmann W, Pralle H, Haferlach T, Pandurevic S, Graubner M, Schmitz N, LoftIer H (1985) Staging systems for multiple myeloma: a comparison. Brit J Haematol 59:703–711

    CAS  Google Scholar 

  76. Geha RS (1981) Current concepts in immunology: Regulation of the immune response by idiotypic-antiidiotypic interactions. N Engl J Med 305:25

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  77. Gertz MA, Kyle RA (1988) Hepatic amyloidosis (primary [ALl, immunoglobulin light chain): the natural history in 80 patients. Am J Med 85:73–80

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  78. GiIinsky NH, Mee AS, Beatty DW, Novis BH, Young G, Price S, Purves LR, Marks IN (1985) Plasma cell infiltration of the small bowel: lack of evidence for a nonsecretory form of alpha-heavy chain disease. Gut 26:928–934

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  79. GilIies SD, Morrison SL, Oi VT, Tonegawa S (1983) A tissue-specific transcription enhancer element is located in the major intron of a rearranged immunoglobulin heavy chain gene. Cell 33:717–728

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  80. Gleich GJ, Averbeck AK, Swedlund HA (1971) Measurement of IgE in normal and allergic serum by radioimmunoassay. J Lab Clin Med 77: 690–698

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  81. Greipp PR, Kyle RA (1983) Clinical, morphological, and cell kinetic differences among multiple myeloma, monoclonal gammopathy of undeterminde significance, and smouldering multiple myeloma. Blood 62:166–171

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  82. Greipp PR, Raymond NM, Kyle RA, O’Fallon WM (1985) Multiple myeloma: Significance of plasmablastic subtype in morphological classification. Blood 65:305–310

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  83. Greipp PR, Witzig TE, Gonchoroff NJ (1985) Immunofluorescent plasma cell labeling indices (LI) using a monoclonal antibody (BU-1). Am J Hematol 20:289–292

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  84. Greipp PR, Katzmann JA, O’Fallon WM, Kyle RA (1988) Value of beta2-microglobulin level and plasma cell labelIing indices as prognostic factors in patients with newly diagnosed myeloma. Blood 72:219–223

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  85. Grogan TM, Durie BGM, Lomen C, Spier C, Wirt DP, Nagle R, Wilson GS, Richter L, Vela E, Maxey V, McDaniel K, Rangel C (1987) Delineation of a novel pre-B cell component in plasma cell myeloma: Immunochemical, immunophenotypic, genotypic, cytologic, cell culture and kinetic features. Blood 70:932–942

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  86. Grogan TM, Durie GM, Spiel M, Richter L, Vela E (1989) Myelomonocytic antigen positive multiple myeloma. Blood 73:763–769

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  87. Haber DA, Mayer RJ (1988) Primary gastrointestinal lymphoma. Semin Oncol 15:154–169

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  88. Halphen M, Najjar T, Iaafoura H, Cammoun M, Tufrali G (1986) Diagnostic value of upper intestinal fiber endoscopy in primary small intestinal lymphoma. Cancer 58:2140–2145

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  89. Haluska FG, Tsujimoto Y, Croce CM (1987) Oncogene activation by chromosome translocation in human malignancy. Ann Rev Genet 21:321–345

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  90. Heilmann E, Schuckall A, Intorp H (1978) Ein Plasmozytom mit wechselnder Paraproteinaemie. Folia Haematol (Leipzig) 105:750–753

    CAS  Google Scholar 

  91. HeremansIFCrabbe PA (1967) Immunohistochemical studies on exocrine IgA. In: Kilander 1 (ed) Gammaglobulins. 3rd Nobel Symposium. Almquist & Wiksel, Stockholm, p 129

    Google Scholar 

  92. Hobbs IR (1969) Immunochemical classes of myelomatosis. Including data from a therapeutic trial conducted by a medical Research Council Working Party. Brit 1 Haematol16:599

    Google Scholar 

  93. Hobbs IR (1969) Growth rate and response to treatment in human myelomatosis. Br 1 HaematoI16:607–617

    Google Scholar 

  94. Hopper IE, HarenIM Kmiecik TE (1979) Evidence for shared idiotyp expressed by the IgM, IgG and IgA serum proteins of a patient with a complex multiple paraprotein disorders. I Immunol122: 2000–2006

    Google Scholar 

  95. Huber H, Fudenberg HH (1968) Receptor sites of human monocytes for IgG. Int Arch Allergy 34: 18

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  96. Huber H, Gattringer C, Thaler 1, Peschel Ch (1985) Immunzytologische Diagnose von Leukämien und Lymphomen: Monoclonale Antikörper in der Differentialdiagnose hämatologischer Neoplasien. Behring Inst Mitt 78:83–117

    Google Scholar 

  97. Humphrey CA, Morris TCM (1989) The intimate relationship of myelofibrosis and myeloma: effect of therapy. Br J Haematol 73:269–278

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  98. Irvine WJ (1979) Basic immunology. In: Irvine JW (ed) Medical immunology. Teviot, Edinburgh, p 3

    Google Scholar 

  99. Irvine WJ (ed) (1979) Medical immunology. Teviot, Edinburgh

    Google Scholar 

  100. Iancelewicz Z, Takatsuki K, Sugai S, Pruzanski W (1975) IgD multiple myeloma: Review of 133 cases. Arch Intern Med 135:87–93

    Google Scholar 

  101. Joyner MV, Cassuto IP, Dujardin P, Schneider M, Ziegler G, Euller L, Masseyeff R (1979) Non-excretory multiple myeloma. Brit J Haematol 43:559

    CAS  Google Scholar 

  102. Kabat EA (1980) Origins of antibody complementarity and specificity – hypervariable regions and the minigene hypothesis. J Immunol 125:961

    CAS  Google Scholar 

  103. Kawano M, Hiram T, Matsuda T, Taga T, Horii Y, Iwato K, Asaoku H, Tang B, Tanabe 0, Tasnka H, Kuramoto A, Kishimoto T (1988) Autocrine generation and essential requirement of BSF-2/IL-6 for human multiple myeloma. Nature 322:83

    Google Scholar 

  104. Kay NE, Burton 1, Wagner D, Nelson DL (1988) The malignant B cells from Bchronic lymphocytic leukemia patients release TAC-soluble Interleukin-2 receptors. Blood 72:447–450

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  105. Kehrl IH, Muraguchi A, Goldsmith PK, Fauci AS (1985) The direct effects of Interleukin 1, Interleukin 2, Interferon-alpha, Interferon-gamma, B-cell growth factor, and a B-cel differentiation factor on resting and activated human B cels. Cel Immunol 96:38–48

    CAS  Google Scholar 

  106. Kelly JJ, Kyle RA, O’Brien PC, Dyck PJ (1979) The natural history of peripheral neuropathy in primary systemic amyloidosis. Ann Neurol 6:1

    Google Scholar 

  107. Kelly JJ, Kyle RA, MilesJM Dyck PJ (1983) Osteosclerotic myeloma and peripheral neuropathy. Neurology 33:202–210

    Google Scholar 

  108. Khojasteh A, Haghshenass M, Haghighi P (1983) Current Concepts: Immunoproliferative Small Interstinal Disease: A “Third-World-Lesion”. N Engl J Med 308:1401–1405

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  109. Kim I, Harley JB, Wksler B (1972) Multiple myeloma without initial paraproteins. Am J Med Sci 264:267–275.

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  110. Kindler U (1965) Uber das extraossale Plasmocytom. Deutsch Med Wschr 90:1043–1049

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  111. Kishimoto T (1985) Factors affecting B-cell growth and differentiation. Ann Rev Immunol 3:133–57

    Google Scholar 

  112. Kishimoto T (1987) B-Cell stimulatory factors (BSFs): Molecular structure, biological function an regulation of expression. J Clin Immunol 7:353

    Google Scholar 

  113. Kishimoto T, Hirano T (1988) Molecular regulation of B lymphocyte response. Ann Rev ImmunoI6:485–512

    Google Scholar 

  114. Klein B, Zhang XG, Jourdan M, Content J, Houssiau F, Aarden L, Piechaczyk M, Bataille R (1989) Paracrine rather than autocrine regulation of myeloma-cell growth and differentiation by interleukin-6. Blood 73:517–526

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  115. Klein J (1991) Immunologie (Schmidt RE, Hrsg.) VCH Verlagsgesellschaft, Weinheim

    Google Scholar 

  116. Knolle J, Meyer zum Bueschenfelde KH (1975) IgD-Plasmozytom. Übersicht tiber 102 Fälle der Literatur. Immun Infekt 3: 125–134

    Google Scholar 

  117. Krueger RG, Fair DS, Kyle RA (1979) Monoclonal IgM, IgA and IgG in the serum of a single individual: immunofluorescence identification of cells producing the immunoglobulins. Eur J ImmunoI9:602–606

    Google Scholar 

  118. Krueger RG, Hilton PM, Boehlecke JM, Kyle RA, Fair DS (1980) The cellular origin of multiple monoclonal immunoglobulins reflects the postulated pathways of isotype differentiation of antibody-forming cells. Cell Immunol 54:402–413

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  119. Kubagawa H, Vogler LB, Capra JD, Conrad ME, Lawton AR, Cooper MD (1979) Studies on the clonal origin of multiple myeloma. Use of individually specific (idiotype) antibodies to trace the oncogenic event to its earliest point of expression in Bcell differentiation. J Exp Med 150:792–807

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  120. Kunkel HG, Agnello V, Joslin FG, Winchester RJ, Capra JD (1973) Cross-idiotypic specificity among monoclonal IgM proteins with anti-gamma-globulin activity. J Exp Med 137:331

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  121. Kyle RA (1975) Multiple myeloma: Review of 869 cases. Mayo Clin Proc 50:29–40

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  122. Kyle RA (1978) Monoclonal gammopathy of undetermined significance, natural history in 241 cases. Am J Med 64:814

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  123. Kyle RA (1981) The Diverse Picture of Gamma Heavy-Chain Disease. Mayo Clin Proc 56:439

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  124. Kyle RA (1984) Benign Monoclonal Gammopathy. Jama 251:1849

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  125. Kyle RA, Elbeback LR (1976) The monoclonal gammopathies: Multiple Myeloma and Related Plasma-Cell Disorders. CHC Thomas, Springfield, Illinois

    Google Scholar 

  126. Kyle RA, Greipp PR (1980) Smouldering multiple myeloma. N Engl J Med 302:1347

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  127. Kyle RA, Maldonado JE, Bayrd Ed (1974) Plasma cell leukemia. Report on 17cases. Arch Int Med 133:813

    CAS  Google Scholar 

  128. Latreille J, Barlogie B, Johnston DA, Drewinko B, Alexian R (1982) Ploidy and proliferative characteristics in monoclonal gammopathies. Blood 59:4351

    Google Scholar 

  129. Lennert K, Mohri N (1978) Histopathology and diagnosis of Non-Hodgkin’s lymphomas. In: Lennert K (ed) Malignant lymphomas other than Hodgkin’s disease. Springer, Berlin Heidelberg New York, p 111

    Google Scholar 

  130. Löffier H, Knopp A, Krecke HJ (1967) Fälle von multiplem Myelom (Plasmocytom) “ohne Paraprotein”. Dtsch Med Wschr 12:226–229

    Google Scholar 

  131. Lopez AF, Sanderson CJ, Gamble JR, Campbell HD, Young IG, Vadas MA (1988) Recombinant human interleukin 5 is a selective activator of human eosinophil function. J Exp Med 167:219–224

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  132. Ludwig H (1982) Multiples Myelom: Diagnose, Klinik und Therapie. SpringerVerlag Berlin Heidelberg New York

    Google Scholar 

  133. Ludwig H, Nachbaur DM, Krainer M, Fritz E, Huber H (1991) Interleukin-6 (IL-6) is a prognostic factor in multiple myeloma. Blood (im Druck).

    Google Scholar 

  134. Ludwig H, Vormittag W (1980) “Benign” monoclonal IgE gammopathy. Brit Med J 2:539–540

    Google Scholar 

  135. Lynch Rg (1986) Immunoglobulin-specific suppressor T cells. Adv Immunol 40:135

    Google Scholar 

  136. MacKenzie M, Fudenberg HH (1972) Macroglobulinemia: An analysis of forty patients. Blood 39:874

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  137. MacKenzie MR, Babcock J (1975) Studies of the hyperviscosity syndrome. II. Macroglobulinemia. J Lab Clin Med 85:227–234

    CAS  Google Scholar 

  138. Malynn BA, Blackwell TK, Fulop GM, Rathbun GA, Furley AJW, Ferrier P, Heinke LB, Phillips RA, Yancopoulos GD, Alt FW (1988) The scid defect affects the final step of the immunglobulin VDJ recombinase mechanism. Cell 54:453- 460

    Google Scholar 

  139. Mancilla R, Davies GL (1977) Non-secretory multiple myeloma. Am J Med 63:1015–1022

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  140. McCarthy DM (1985) Fibrosis of the bone marrow: Content and causes. Br J Haematol 59:1–7

    Google Scholar 

  141. Merlini G, Waldenstroem JG, Jayaker SD (1980) A new improved clinical staging system for multiple myeloma based on analysis of 123 treated patients. Blood 55:1011–1019

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  142. Michaux JL, Heremans JF (1969) Thirty cases of monoclonal immunoglobulin disorders other than myeloma or macroglobulinemia. Am J Med 46:562

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  143. Micouin C, Seigneurin JM, Renversez JC, Brousse! B, Favre M, Leroux D (1984) Monoclonal IgM with anti-muscle tissue activity in a patient with Waldenstroem’s macroglobulinaemia: secretion of identical immunoglobulin by the established lymphoid cell line. Clin Exp Immunol 58:677–584

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  144. Migliore PJ, Alexanian R (1968) Monoclonal Gammopathy in Human Neoplasia. Cancer 21: 1127

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  145. Milstein C (1986) From antibody structure to immunological diversification of immune response. Science 231: 1261

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  146. Milstein C, Adetugbo K, Cowak NJ, Secher DS (1974) Clonal variants of myeloma cells. Prog Immunol 2:157

    Google Scholar 

  147. Monaco S, Bonetti B, Ferrari S et al (1990) Complementmediated demyelination in patients with IgM monoclonal gammopathy and polyneuropathy. N Engl J Med 322:649–652

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  148. Montecucco C, Riccardi A, Ucci G, Danova M, Carnevale R, Caporali R, Longhi M, Luoni R (1986) Analysis of human myeloma cell population kinetic. Acta haemat 75:153–156

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  149. Morell A, Maurer W, Skvaril F. Barandun S (1978) Differentiation between benign and malignant monoclonal gammopathies by discriminant analysis on serum and bone marrow parameters. Acta haemat 60: 129–136

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  150. MRC (Medical Research Council’s working party for therapeutic trials in leukaemia) (1973) Report on the first myelomatosis trial. Part I: Analysis of presenting features of prognostic importance. Br J Haematol 24: 123

    Google Scholar 

  151. MRC Report (1980b) Medical research council’s working party on leukaemia in adults. Prognostic features in the third MRC myelomatosis trial. Brit J Cancer 42:831–840

    Google Scholar 

  152. MRC working party on leukaemia in adults (1984) Analysis and management of renal failure in fourth MRC myelomatosis trial. Brit Med J 288:1411–1416

    Google Scholar 

  153. Mueller-Eberhard HJ (1976) The serum complement system. In: Miescher PA, Mueller-Eberhard HJ (eds) Textbook of immunopathology, vol I. Grune & Stratton, New York San Francisco London, p 45

    Google Scholar 

  154. Nakanishi T, Sobue I, Toyokura Y, Nishitani H, Kuroiwa Y, Satoyoshi E, Tsubaki t, Igata A, Ozaki Y (1984) The crow-fukase syndrome: A study of 102 cases in Japan. Neurology 34:712–720

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  155. Nasser VH, Salem PA, Shahid MJ, Alami SY, Balikian JB, Salem AA, Nasrallah SM (1978) “Mediterranean abdominal lymphoma” or immunoproliferative small intestinal disease. Cancer 41: 1340–1354

    Google Scholar 

  156. Noelle R, Krammer PH, Ohara J, Uhr JW, Vitetta ES (1984) Increased expression of la antigens on resting B cells. An additional role for B-cell growth factor. Proc Natl Acad Sci USA 81:6149–53

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  157. Nording PR, Potter M (1986) A macrophage-derived factor required by plasmacytomas for survival and proliferation in vitro. Science 233:566–69

    Google Scholar 

  158. Ohi T, Kyle RA, Dyck PJ (1985) Axonal attenuation and secondary segmental demyelination in myeloma neuropathies. Ann Neurol 17:255–261

    Google Scholar 

  159. Omede P, Boccadoro M, Gallone G et al (1990) Multiple myeloma: increased circulating lymphocytes carrying plasma cell-associated antigens as an indicator of poor survival. Blood 76: 1375–1379

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  160. Osserman EF (1959) Plasma-cell myeloma. II. Clinical aspects. N Engl J Med 261:952–960

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  161. Osserman EF, Takatsuki K (1964) Clinical and immunological studies of four cases of heavy (Hy2) chain disease. Am J Med 37:351

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  162. Peest D, Bartels B, Dallmann I, Schedl I, Deicher H (1986) Cytostatic drug sensitivity test for human multiple myeloma, measuring monoclonal immunglobulin produced by bone marrow cells in vitro. Cancer Chemother Pharmacol 17:69–74

    Google Scholar 

  163. Peterson PA, Cunningham BA, Berggard I, Edelman GM (1972) Beta-2-microglobulin a free immunoglobulin domain. Proc Natl Acad Sci USA 69:1697

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  164. Pileri A, Boccadoro M, Mandelli F, Amadori S (1981) Growth kinetics of minimal tumour masses: Implications for rational chemotherapy. Haematologica 66:545- 553

    Google Scholar 

  165. Preud’Homme JL, Brouet JC, Seligmann (1976) Intracytoplasmatic and surface bound immunoglobulins in “non-secretory” and Bence Jones myeloma. Clin Exp Immunol 24:428

    Google Scholar 

  166. Pruzanski W, Ogryzlo MA (1977) Abnormal proteinuria in malignant diseases. Adv Clin Chern 13:335

    Google Scholar 

  167. Pruzanski W, Platts ME, Ogryzlo MA (1969) Leukemic form of immunocytic dyscrasia (plasma cell leukemia): a study of ten cases and a review of the literatur. Am J Med 47:60–74

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  168. Pruzanski W, Underdown B, Silver EH, Katz A (1974) Macroglobulinemia-myeloma double gammopathy: A study of four cases and a review of the literature. Am J Med 57:259–266

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  169. Queisser W, Hoelzer D, Queisser U (1973) Cytophotometrisch-autoradiographische Untersuchung der Zellproliferation bei paraproteiniimischen Hiimoblastosen mit leukämischen Blutbildveränderungen. Klin Wschr 51:230–234

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  170. Rabin EM, Ohara J, Paul EW (1985) B cell stimulatory factor (BSF)-l activates resting B cells. Proc Natl Acad Sci USA 82:2935–2939

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  171. Radaskiewicz T, Hansmann ML, Lennert K (1989) Monoclonality and polyclonality of plasma cells in Castleman’s disease of plasma cell all variant. Histopathology 14:11–24

    Google Scholar 

  172. Rajewsky K (1978) Diversity and interactions in the immune system. Behring Inst Mitt 62:1

    Google Scholar 

  173. Rajewsky K, Foerster I, Cumano A (1987) Evolutionary and somatic selection of the antibody repertoire in the mouse. Science 238: 1088

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  174. Rambaud JC, Galian A, Danon FG, Preud’Homme JL, Brandtzaeg P, Wasef M, Carrer ML, Mehaut MA, Voinchet OL, Perol RG, Chapman A (1983) Alpha-chain disease without qualitative serum IgA abnormality. Cancer 51:686–693

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  175. Raza A, Presiler HD, Mayers GL, Bankert R (1984) Rapid enumeration of S-phase cells by means of monoclonal antibodies. N Engl J Med 310:991

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  176. Riccardi A, Ucci G, Luoni R et al (1990) Bone marrow biopsy in monoclonal gammopathies: correlations between pathological findings and clinical data. J Clin Pathol 43:469–475

    Google Scholar 

  177. Reibnegger G, Krainer M, Herold M, Ludwig H, Wachter H, Huber H (1991) Predictive value of interleukin-6 and neopterin in patients with multiple myeloma. Cancer Res (im Druck)

    Google Scholar 

  178. River GL, Tewksbury DA, Fudenberg HH (1972) Nonsecretory multiple myeloma. Blood 40:204

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  179. Roberts-Thomson PJ, Mason DY, MacLennan ICM (1976) Relationship between paraprotein polymerization and clinical features in IgA myeloma. Brit J Haematol 33: 117

    CAS  Google Scholar 

  180. Roitt IM (1980) Essential immunology, 4th edn. Blackwell, Oxford

    Google Scholar 

  181. Roitt IM, Cooke A, Male DK et al. (1981) Idiotypic networks and their possible exploitation for manipulation of the immune response. Lancet i:1041

    Google Scholar 

  182. Rondeau E, Solal-Celigny P, Dhermy D, Vroclans M, Brousse N, Bernard JF, Boivin P (1983) Immune disorders in agnogenic myeloid metaplasia: relations to myelofibrosis. Br J Haematol 543:467–475

    Google Scholar 

  183. Ruiz-Arguelles GJ, Katzmann JA, Greipp PR, Gonchoroff NJ, Garton JP, Kyle RA (1984) Multiple myeloma: Circulating lymphocytes that express plasma cell antigens. Blood 64:352–356.

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  184. Russell JA, Powles RL (1978) The relationship between serum viscosity, hypervolaemia and clinical manifestations accociated with circulating paraprotein. Brit J. Haematol 39: 163–175

    CAS  Google Scholar 

  185. Salem PA, Nassar VH, Shahid MJ, Hajj AA, Alami SY, Balikian JB, Salem AA (1977) “Mediterranean abdominal lymphoma”, or immunoproliferative small intestinal disease. Cancer 44:2941–2947

    Google Scholar 

  186. Salmon SE (1973) Immunoglobulin synthesis and tumor kinetics of multiple myeloma. Semin Hematol 1O:135

    Google Scholar 

  187. Salmon SE (1988) Plasma cell disorders. In: Wyngaarden JB, Smith LH (eds), Cecil Textbook of Medicine, 18th ed. WB Saunders Company Philadelphia London Toronto Montreal Sydney Tokyo, pp 1026

    Google Scholar 

  188. Saltman DL, Ross JA, Banks RE, Rose FM, Ford AM, Mackie MJ (1989) Molecular Evidence for a Single Clonal Origin in Biphenotypic Concomitant Chronic Lymphocytic Leukemia and Multiple Myeloma. Blood 74:2062–2065

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  189. Sanders JH, Fahey JL, Finegold I, Ein E, Reisfeld R, Berard C (1969) Multiple anomalous immunoglobulins: Clinical, structural and cellular studies in three patients. Am J Med 47:43–59

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  190. Scheithauer BW, Rubinstein U, Herman MM (1984) Leukoencephalopathy in Waldenstroem’s macroglobulinemia. J Neuropathol Exp Neurol 43:408–425

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  191. Schubert GE (1974) Die Plasmocytomniere. Klin Wschr 52:771–780

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  192. Scully RE, Mark EJ, McNeely WF, McNeely BU (1987) Case records of the Massachusetts General Hospital. N Engl J Med 316: 1259

    Google Scholar 

  193. Seligmann M, Mihaesco E, Preud’Homme JL, Danon F, Brouet JC (1979) Heavy chain diseases: Current findings and concepts. Immunological Rev 48:145

    CAS  Google Scholar 

  194. Silverstein MN (1975) Agnogenic myeloid metaplasia, Acton, Massachusetts; Publishing Sciences Group, 5 pp

    Google Scholar 

  195. Skvaril F, Morell A, Barandun S (1972) The IgG subclass distribution in 659 myeloma sera. Vox Sang 23:546–551

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  196. Solomon A (1982) Bence Jones proteins: malignant or benign? N Engl J Med 306: 605–607

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  197. Stavem P, Froland SS, Haugen HF, Lislerud A (1976) Nonsecretory myelomatosis without intracellular immunoglobulin. Immunofluorescent and ultramicroscopic studies. Scand J Haematol 17:89–95

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  198. Sullivan PW, Salmon SE (1972) Kinetics of tumor growth and regression in IgG multiple myeloma. J Clin Invest 51:1697–1708

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  199. Sun NC, Fishkin BG, Nies KM, Glassy EF, Carpentier C (1979) Lymphoplasmacytic myeloma: An immunologic, immunohistochemical and electron microscopic study. Cancer 43:2268–2278

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  200. Terstappen LW, Johnsen S, Segers-Nolten 1M, Loken MR (1990) Identification and characterization of plasma cells in normal human bone marrow by high-resolution flow cytometry. Blood 76:1739–1747

    CAS  Google Scholar 

  201. Teshigawara K, Wang HM, Kato K, Smith KA (1987) Interleukin 2 high-affinity receptor expression requires two distinct binding proteins. J Exp Med 165:223–238

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  202. Thaler J, Dietze 0, Denz H, Demuth R, Nachbaur D, Stauder R, Huber H (1991) Bone marrow diagnosis in lymphoproIiferative disorders: comparison of results obtained from conventional histomorphology and immunohistology. Histopathology 18:495–504

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  203. Toma VA, Retief FP, Potgieter GM, Anderson JD (1980) Plasma cell leukaemia. Diagnostic problems in our experience with 11 cases. Acta Haematol 63: 136- 145

    Google Scholar 

  204. Tomasi TB, Czerwinsky DS (1968) The secretory IgA system. In: Good RA (ed) Birth defects. Original article series. The National Foundation, New York, p 270

    Google Scholar 

  205. Tonegawa S (1983) Somatic generation of antibody diversity. Nature 302:575

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  206. Trowbridge I (1987) Interleukin-2 receptor proteins. Nature 327:461–462

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  207. Turesson I (1975) Nucleolar size in benign and malignant plasma cell proliferation. Acta Med Scand 197:7–14

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  208. Turesson I, Grubb A (1978) Non-secretory or low secretory myeloma with intracellular kappa chains. Report of six cases and review of the literature. Acta Med Scand 204:445:451

    Google Scholar 

  209. Umadome H, Uchiyama T, Onishi R, Hori T, Uchino H, Nesumi N (1988) Leukemic cells from chronic T-Iymphocytic leukemia patient proliferated in response to both Interleukin-2 and Interleukin-4 without prior stimulation and produce Interleukin- 2 mRNA with stimulation. Blood 72:1177–1181

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  210. Vaerman JP, Johnson LB, Mandy W, Fudenberg HH (1965) Multiple myeloma with two paraprotein peaks: An instructive case. J Lab Clin Med 65: 18

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  211. Van Camp BGK, Shuit HRE, Hijmans W, Radl J (1978) The cellular basis of double paraproteinemia in man. Clin Immunol ImmunopathoI9:111–1l9

    Google Scholar 

  212. VanDamme J, Opdenakker G, Simpson RJ, Rubira MR; Cayphas S, Vink A, Billiau A, vanSnick J (1987) Identification of the human 26 kD protein, interferon beta-2, as a β-cell hybridomalplasmocytoma growth factor induced by interleukin and tumor necrosis factor. J Exp Med 165:914

    PubMed  Google Scholar 

  213. Vercelli D, DiGuglielmo R, Guidi G, Scolari L, Buricchi L, Cozzolino F (1980) Bone marrow percentage of plasma cells in the staging of monoclonal gammopathies. Nouv Rev F Hematol 22:139–145

    CAS  Google Scholar 

  214. Verroust P, Morel-Maroger L, Preud’Homme JL (1982) Renal lesions in dysproteinemias. Springer Semin Immunopathol 5:333–356

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  215. Vital C, Deminiere C, Bourgouin B, Lagueny A, David B, Loiseau P (1985) Waldenstroem’s macroglobulinemia and peripheral neuropathy: Deposition of Mcomponent and kappa light chain in the endoneurium. Neurology 35:603–606

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  216. Vitetta ES, Brooks K, Chen YW, Isakson P, Jones S, Layton J, Mishra GC, Pure E, Weiss E, Word C, Yuan D, Tucker P, Uhr JW, Krammer PH (1984) T cell-derived lymphokines that induce IgM and IgG secretion in activated murine B cells. Immunol Rev 78: 137–57

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  217. Vogel W, Schmalzl F, Schaefer HE (1981) Plasmazellenleukamie. Ein Beitrag zur Kasuistik. Acta Med Austriaca 8:202

    Google Scholar 

  218. Waldenstroem JG (1968) Monoclonal and polyclonal hypergammaglobulinemia. University Press, Cambridge

    Google Scholar 

  219. Waldenstroem JG, Raiend U (1984) Plasmapheresis and cold sensitivity of immunoglobulin molecules. Acta Med Scand 216:449–466

    CAS  Google Scholar 

  220. Waldenstroem JG, Adner A, Gydell K, Zettervall 0 (1978) Osteosclerotic “Plasmocytoma” with polyneuropathy, hypertrichosis and diabetes. Acad Med Scand 203:297–303

    Google Scholar 

  221. Waldmann TA (1987) Immunoglobulin and T-cell receptor genes and lymphocyte differentiation. In: The Molecular basis of blood diseases, Stamatoyannopoulos G, Nienhuis AW, Leder P., Majerus PW (eds) 1987. WB Saundes Company Philadelphia London Toronto Sydney Tokyo Hong Kong

    Google Scholar 

  222. Waldmann TA, Strober W (1969) Metabolism of immunoglobulins. Prog Allergy 13:1

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  223. We arne AJ, Joshua DE, Brown RD, Kronenberg H (1987) Multiple myeloma: the relationship between CALLA (CDlO) positive lymphocytes in the peripheral blood and light chain isotype suppression. Brit J Haematol 67:39–44

    CAS  Google Scholar 

  224. Wells R (1970) Syndromes of hyperviscosity. N Engl J Med 283:183

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  225. Wick G. Schwarz S, Foerster 0, Peterlik M (1989). Immunsystem, Funktionelle Pathology. Gustaf-Fischer-Verlag

    Google Scholar 

  226. Wiltshaw E (1976) The natural history of extramedullary plasmocytoma and its relation to solitary myeloma of bone and myelomatosis. Medicine (Baltimore) 55:217

    CAS  Google Scholar 

  227. Woodruff RK, Malpas JS, Pacton AM, Lister TA (1978) Plasma cell leukemia (PCL): a report on 15 patients. Blood 52:839–845

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  228. Woodruff RK, Whittle JM, Malpas JS (1979) Solitary plasmocytoma. I: Extramedullary soft tissue plasmocytoma. II. Solitary plasmocytoma of bone. Cancer 43:2340--2344

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  229. Yamaguchi Y, Suda T, Suda J, Eguchi M, Miura Y, Harada N, Tominaga A, Takatsi K (1988) Purified interleukin 5 supports the terminal differentiation and proliferation of murine eosinophilic precursors. J Exp Med 167:43–56

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  230. Yamasaki K, Taga T, Hirata Y, Yawata H, Kawanishi Y, Seed B, Taniguchi T, Hirano T, Kishimoto T (1988) Cloning and expression of the human Interleukin-6 (BSF-2/IFN β-2) receptor. Science 241:825–828

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  231. Zalcberg JR, Cornell FN, Ireton JC, McGrath KM, McLachlan R, Woodruff RK, Wiley JS (1982) Chronic lymphatic leukaemia developing in a patient with multiple myeloma. Cancer 50:594–597

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  232. Zawadzki ZA (1978) Leukemic myelomatosis (Plasma cell leukemia). Am J Clin Pathol 70:605

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

Download references

Authors
  1. D. Nachbaur
    View author publications

    You can also search for this author in PubMed Google Scholar

  2. P. Pohl
    View author publications

    You can also search for this author in PubMed Google Scholar

  3. D. Pastner
    View author publications

    You can also search for this author in PubMed Google Scholar

  4. V. Faber
    View author publications

    You can also search for this author in PubMed Google Scholar

  5. H. Huber
    View author publications

    You can also search for this author in PubMed Google Scholar

Editor information

Editors and Affiliations

  1. Abteilung für Hämatologie und Onkologie, Universitätsklinik für Innere Medizin, Anichstraße 35, A-6020, Innsbruck, Austria

    Heinz Huber

  2. II. Med. Universitätsklinik und Poliklinik, Chemnitzstraße 33, D-2300, Kiel 1, Germany

    Helmut Löffler

  3. Universitätsklinik für Innere Medizin, Anichstraße 35, A-6020, Austria, Österreich

    Dorothea Pastner

Rights and permissions

Reprints and permissions

Copyright information

© 1992 Springer-Verlag Berlin Heidelberg

About this chapter

Cite this chapter

Nachbaur, D., Pohl, P., Pastner, D., Faber, V., Huber, H. (1992). Monoklonale Gammopathien. In: Huber, H., Löffler, H., Pastner, D. (eds) Diagnostische Hämatologie. Springer, Berlin, Heidelberg. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-642-76860-6_11

Download citation

  • DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-642-76860-6_11

  • Publisher Name: Springer, Berlin, Heidelberg

  • Print ISBN: 978-3-642-76861-3

  • Online ISBN: 978-3-642-76860-6

  • eBook Packages: Springer Book Archive

Publish with us

Policies and ethics

Search

Navigation