Abstract
Porphyrins are highly coloured compounds which fluoresce red in light of wavelength around 400 nm. They are widely distributed throughout the animal and plant kingdom. Protoporphyrin IX occurs in the pigmented eggshells of many species of birds while uroporphyrin is found in the shells of molluscs. However, their most important role is when complexed to metals to form metalloporphyrins, which are essential for all biological oxidation reactions. Haem is the iron complex of protoporphyrin. The rodent Harderian gland is remarkable in its ability to synthesise porphyrins, which in some species exceeds that of the liver.
Access this chapter
Tax calculation will be finalised at checkout
Purchases are for personal use only
Preview
Unable to display preview. Download preview PDF.
References
Abou-Harb M, Abou-Harb N (1964) La glande de Harder chez certains rongeurs sauvages désertiques et tropicaux et l’élaboration des porphyrines. C R Soc Biol 158:2268–2270
Arvy L, de Lerma B (1961) Sur la présence d’un pigment fluorescent de type porphyrinique dans la glande de Harder de Meriones crassus, Sundevall. C R. Acad Sci 253:1012–1014
Badawy AAB, Morgan CJ (1980) Tryptophan pyrrolase in haem regulation Biochem J 186:763–772
Balemans MGM, Pévet P, Legerstee WC, Nevo E (1980) Preliminary investigations on melatonin and 5-methoxytryptophol synthesis in the pineal, retina, and Harderian gland of the mole rat and in the pineal of the mouse “Eyeless” J Neural Transm 49:249–255
Bishop DF, Desnick RJ (1982) Assays of the haem biosynthetic enzymes. Enzyme 28:91–231
Brodie MJ, Moore MR, Thompson GG, Campbell BC, Goldberg A (1977) Is porphobilinogen deaminase activity a secondary control mechanism in haem biosynthesis in humans? Biochem Soc Trans 5:1466–1468
Brownscheidle CM, Niewenhuis RJ (1978) Ultrastructure of the Harderian gland in male albino rats. Anat Rec 190:735–754
Bucana CD, Nadakavukaren MJ (1972) Fine structure of the hamster Harderian gland. Z Zellforsch Mikrosk Anat 129:178–187
Bucana CD, Nadakavukaren MJ (1973) Ultrastructural investigation of the postnatal development of the hamster Harderian gland. II. Male and female. Z Zellforsch Mikrosk Anat 142:1–12
Carrière R (1985) Ultrastructural visualization of intracellular porphyrin in the rat Harderian gland. Anat Rec 213:496–504
Christensen F, Dam H (1953) A sexual dimorphism of the Harderian glands in hamsters. Acta Physiol Scand 27:333–336
Clabough JW, Norvell JE (1973) Effects of castration, blinding, and the pineal gland on the Harderian glands of the male golden hamster. Neuroendocrinology 12:344–353
Cohn SA (1955) Histochemical observations on the Harderian gland of the albino mouse. J Histochem Cytochem 3:342–353
Collins KJ (1957) Pigment in the Harderian glands of mice exposed to a hot environment. B J Exp Physiol 42:24–32
Dailey HA (1990) Biosynthesis of heme and chlorophylls. McGraw-Hill, New York
Dailey HA, Fleming JE, Harbin BM (1986) Ferrochelatase from R. spheroïdes; substrate-specificity and role of sulfhydryl and arginyl residues. J Bacteriol 165:1–5
Davidheiser RH, Figge FHJ (1955) Enzymatic porphyrin synthesis in Harderian glands and other organs and tissues of mice. Proc Soc Exp Biol Med 90:461–462
Davidheiser RH, Figge FHJ (1958) Comparison of porphyrin producing enzyme activities in Harderian glands of mice and other rodents. Proc Soc Exp Biol Med 97:775–777
Davis FA (1929) The anatomy and histology of the eye and orbit of the rabbit. Trans Am Opthalmol Soc 27:401–441
Derrien E, Turchini J (1924) Sur l’accumulation d’une porphyrine dans la glande de Harder des rongeurs du genre Mus et sur son mode d’excrétion. C R Soc Biol 91:637–639
Dilorio DP, Nadakavukaren MJ (1984) Prevention by pinealectomy of short photoperiod-induced ultrastructural changes in the hamster Harderian gland. Anat Rec 210:449–452
Elliot JA (1981) Circadian rhythms, entrainment and photoperiodism in the Syrian hamster. In: Follet BK, Follet DE (eds) Biological clocks in seasonal reproductive cycles. Scientechnica, Bristol, pp 203–218
Feria-Velasco A, Meléndez C, Jaramillo J (1983) Sex differences in secretion patterns of neonatal rat Harderian gland under various environmental lighting conditions. Comp Biochem Physiol 74B:709–714
Figge FHJ (1944) Fluorescence studies on cancer. I. Porphyrin metabolism, Harderian gland fluorescence, and susceptibility to carcinogenic agents. Cancer Res 4:465–471
Figge FHJ, Atkinson WB (1941) Relation of water metabolism to porphyrin incrustations in pantothenic acid-deficient rats. Proc Soc Exp Biol Med 48:112–114
Figge FHJ, Davidheiser RH (1957) Porphyrin synthesis by mouse Harderian gland extracts: sex, age, and strain variation. Proc Soc Exp Biol Med 96:437–439
Figge FHJ, Salomon K (1942) Prevention of porphyrin incrustations on pantothenic acid-deficient rats by Harderian gland ablation. J Lab Clin Med 27:1496–1501
Figge FHJ, Strong LC, Strong, Jr LC, Shanbrom A (1942) Fluorescent porphyrins in Harderian glands and susceptibility to spontaneous mammary carcinoma in mice. Cancer Res 2:335–342
Formgren B, Wetterberg L (1973) Uroporphyrinogen-III-cosynthetase activity in the Harderian gland of the golden hamster. Enzyme 16:146–150
Formgren B, Wetterberg L (1976) Effects of light of different wavelengths on the porphyrin concentration in the Harderian gland of the golden hamster. In: Doss M (ed) Porphyrins in Human diseases, 1st Int Porphyrin Meet Freiburg/Br 1975. S. Karger, Basel, pp 380–384
Getty R (ed) (1975) Sisson and Grossman’s: The anatomy of domestic animals, vols 1, 2, 5th edn. WB Saunders, Philadelphia, pp 229–230, 1410–1411
Goldberg A, Ashenbrucker H, Cartwright GE, Wintrobe MM (1956) Studies on the biosynthesis of heme in vitro by avian erythrocytes. Blood 11:821–833
Grafflin AL (1942) Histological observations upon the porphyrin-excreting Harderian gland of the albino rat. Am J Anat 71:43–64
Granick S (1966) The induction in vitro of the synthesis of 5-aminolevulinic acid synthetase in chemical porphyria: a response to certain drugs, sex hormones and foreign chemicals. J Biol Chem 241:1359–1375
Gross SR, Hutton JJ (1971) Induction of hepatic d-amino-levulinic acid synthetase activity in strains of inbred mice. J Biol Chem 246:606–614
Hais IM, Strych A, Chmelar V (1968) Preliminary thin layer chromatographic characterization of the rat Harderian gland lipid. J Chromatogr 35:179–191
Harlow HJ (1984) The influence of Harderian gland removal and fur lipid removal on heat loss and water flux to and from the skin of muskrats, Ondatra zibethicus. Physiol Zool 57:349–356
Hoffman RA (1971) Influence of some endocrine glands, hormones and blinding on the histology of the Harderian glands of golden hamster. Am J Anat 132:463–478
Hoffman RA, Hester RJ, Towns C (1965) Effect of light and temperature on the endocrine system of the golden hamster (Mesocricetus auratus, Waterhouse). Comp Biochem Physiol 15:525–533
Hueper WC, Figge FHJ (1945) Porphyrin excretion of Harderian glands in its relation to actinic carcinogenesis in hairless rats. Cancer Res 5:328–330
Hugo J, Krijt J, Vokurka M, Janousek V (1987) Secretory response to light in rat Harderian gland: possible photoprotective role of Harderian porphyrin. Gen Physiol Biophys 6:401–404
Hugo J, Vokurka M, Sanitrâk J, Melkovâ Z, Janousek V (1989) First demonstration of porphyrins in the lactrimal glands: similarity to the Harderian gland. Biomed Biochem Acta 48:K1–K4
Hugo J, Vokurka M, Krijt J, Janousek V (1990) Photoprotection as a possible function of the rodent Harderian gland porphyrins: first description of porphyrins in the lacrimal gland. Mol Aspects Med 11:150
James KR, Cortes JM, Paradinas FJ (1980) Demonstration of intracytoplasmic needle-like inclusions in hepatocytes of patients with porphyria cutanea tarda. J Clin Pathol 33:899–900
Janousek V, Sanitrak J, Krijt J, Holub M (1990) Tissue porphyrins in athymic nude (nu/nu) mice. Mol Aspects Med 11:150–151
Johnston HS, McGadey J, Thompson GG, Moore MR, Payne AP (1983) The Harderian gland, its secretory duct and porphyrin content in the Mongolian gerbil (Meriones unguiculatus). J Anat 137:615–630
Johnston HS, McGadey J, Thompson GG, Moore MR, Breed WG, Payne AP (1985) The Harderian gland, its secretory duct and porphyrin content in the plains mouse (Pseudomys australis). J Anat 140:337–350
Johnston HS, McGadey J, Payne AP, Thompson GG, Moore MR (1987) The Harderian gland, its secretory duct and porphyrin content in the woodmouse (Apodemus sylvaticus). J Anat 153:17–30
Jones CW, Hoffman RA (1976) Porphyrin concentration of the hamster (Mesocricetus auratus) Harderian gland: effects of incubation with delta-aminolevulinic acid and various hormones. Int J Biochem 7:135–139
Joó I, Kahán A (1975) The porphyrin content of Harderian glands in rats and the melatonin-melanocyte stimulating hormone system. Endokrinologie 65:308–312
Kanwar KC (1960) Morphological and cytochemical studies on the Harderian glands of rats. Cellule 61:129–143
Kennedy GY (1954) The chemistry and metabolism of some porphyrins and porphyrin derivatives. PhD Thesis, University of Sheffield, England
Kennedy GY, Jackson AH, Kenner GW, Suckling CJ (1970) Isolation, structure and synthesis of a tricarboxylic porphyrin from the Harderian glands of the rat. FEBS Lett 6:9–12
Lin WL, Nadakavukaren MJ (1979) The androgenic effect on the fine structure of the Harderian gland in the male hamster. Cell Tissue Res 198:119–127
Lin WL, Nadakavukaren MJ (1982) Delta-aminolevulinate synthase activity in the Harderian glands of male and female golden hamsters. Comp Biochem Physiol 71B:539–540
Lithner F, Wetterberg L (1984) Hepatocellular carcinoma in patients with acute intermittent porphyria. Acta Med Scand 215:271–274
Loewenthal N (1892) Notiz über die Harder’sche Drüse des Igels. Anat Ang 7:48–54
Margolis FL (1971) Regulation of porphyrin biosynthesis in the Harderian gland of inbred mouse strains. Arch Biochem Biophys 145:373–381
Matilla A, Molland EA (1974) A light and electron microscopic study of the liver in case of erythrohepatic protoporphyria and in griseofulvin-induced porphyria in mice. J Clin Pathol 27:698–709
Mhâtre MC, van Jaarsevela AS, Reiter RJ (1988) Melatonin in the lacrimal gland, first demonstration and experimental manipulation. Biochem Biophys Res Commun 153:1186–1192
Mindegaard J (1976) Studies concerning porphyrin synthesis and the origin and ultrastructure of biological porphyrin-containing pigment granules (in Danish). PhD Thesis, Afdelingen Biokemi Ernaering, Dept Biochem Nutr, Danmarks Tekniske Hojskole
Moore MR, Thompson GG, Low RAL, Cumming RLC (1972) The perinatal development of haem biosynthesis in rats, guinea pigs and humans. Proc Biochem Soc 129:43
Moore MR, Thompson GG, Payne AP, McGadey J (1977) Cyclical oscillations in the activity of δ-aminolaevulinate synthase and porphyrin synthesis in the Harderian gland during the oestrous cycle of the golden hamster (Mesocricetus auratus). Biochem Soc Trans 5:1475–1478
Moore MR, McColl KEL, Goldberg A (1979) The porphyrias. Diabete Metab (Paris) 5:323–336
Moore MR, Thompson GG, Payne AP, McGadey J (1980) Seasonal variation in δ-aminolaevulinate synthase and porphyrin content in the Harderian gland of the female golden hamster (Mesocricetus auratus). Int J Biochem 12:501–504
Moore MR, Disler PB (1985) Chemistry and biochemistry of the porphyrins and porphyria. Clin Dermatol 3:7–23
Moore MR, McColl KEL, Rimington C, Goldberg A (1987) Disorders of porphyrin metabolism. Plenum, New York
Müller HB (1969) Die postnatale Entwicklung der Harderschen Drüse der weissen Ratte. I. Lichtmikroskopische Befunde. Z Zellforsch Mikrosk Anat 100:421–438
Nadakavukaren MJ, Lin WL (1983) Influence of short photoperiods on the ultrastructure of hamster Harderian glands. Cell Tissue Res 233:209–213
Neuberger A (1980) The regulation of chlorophyll and porphyrin biosynthesis. Int J Biochem 12:787–789
Ono T, Umeda M, Sugimura T (1956) Porphyrin metabolism in tumor bearing animals. Free porphyrin in liver, Harderian gland and urine and the effect thereon of toxohormone. Gann 47:171–180
Orten JM, Keller JM (1946) Dietary protein and protoporphyrin formation in the rat. J Biol Chem 165:163–167
O’Steen WK, Kraeer SL, Shear CR (1978) Extraocular muscle and Harderian gland degeneration and regeneration after exposure of rats to continuous fluorescent illumination. Invest Opthalmol Visual Sci 17:847–856
Payne AP (1977) Pheromonal effects of Harderian gland homogenates on aggressive behaviour in the hamster. J Endocrinol 73:191–192
Payne AP (1979) Attractant properties of the Harderian gland and its products on male golden hamsters of differing sexual experience. J Endocrinol 80:69–70
Payne AP (1990) The Harderian gland: its biology and role in porphyrin synthesis. Mol Aspects Med 11:145–152
Payne AP, McGadey J, Moore MR, Thompson G (1977a) Androgenic control of the Harderian gland in the male golden hamster. J Endocrinol 75:73–82
Payne AP, McGadey J, Moore MR, Thompson GG (1977b) Cyclic and seasonal changes in Harderian gland activity in the female golden hamster. J Endocrinol 72:41
Payne AP, McGadey J, Moore MR, Thompson GG (1978) The Harderian gland in the golden hamster: its histology, physiological control and behavioural role. J Anat 127(3):662
Payne AP, McGadey J, Moore MR, Thompson GG (1979) Changes in Harderian gland activity in the female golden hamster during the oestrous cycle, pregnancy and lactation. Biochem J 178:597–604
Payne AP, McGadey J, Johnston HS (1982a) The observation of interstitial porphyrin in the Harderian gland of normal and ovariectomised female hamsters. J Anat 135:831–832
Payne AP, McGadey J, Johnston HS, Moore MR, Thompson GG (1982b) Mast cells in the hamster Harderian gland: sex differences, hormonal control and relationship to porphyrin. J Anat 135:451–461
Payne AP, McGadey J, Johnston HS (1985) Interstitial porphyrins and tubule degeneration in the hamster Harderian gland. J Anat 140:25–36
Piper WN, Condie IW, Tephly TR (1973) The role of substrates for glycine acyltransferase in the reversal of chemically induced porphyria in the rat. Arch Biochem Biophys 159:671–677
Rapin M (1952) Apercus sur la glande de Harder du rat. Son dévelopment, sa secretion et son histologie. Bull Soc Zool Fr 77:239
Reiter RJ (1973) Comparative effects of continual lighting and pinealectomy on the eyes, the Harderian glands and reproduction in pigmented and albino rats. Comp Biochem Physiol 44:503–509
Reiter RJ, Klein DC (1971) Observations on the pineal gland, the Harderian glands, the retina and the reproductive organs of adult female rats exposed to continuous light. J Endocrinol 51:117–125
Rimington C (1965) Porphyrin metabolism In: The comparative physiology and pathology of the skin. Blackwell Scientific, Oxford, pp 309–316
Rimington C (1985) A review of the enzymic errors in the various porphyrias. Scand J Clin Lab Invest 45:291–301
Rohonyi B, Kelényi G (1962) Porphyrin content of the Harderian gland of the rat. Acta Biol Acad Sci Hung 13:241–245
Sakai T (1981) The mammalian Harderian gland: Morphology, biochemistry, function and phylo-geny. Arch Histol Jpn 44:299–333
Shemin D (1976) Delta-aminolaevulinic dehydratase: structure, function and mechanism. Philos Trans R Soc Lond B273:109–115
Shirama K, Takeo Y, Shimizu K, Maekawa K (1977) Influence of environmental lighting and sex hormones on the development of Harderian gland in the rat. Annot Zool Jpn 50:70–80
Shirama K, Furuya T, Takeo Y, Shimizu K, Maekawa K (1979) Neural control of the Harderian gland in the rat (in Japanese). Zool Mag (Tokyo) 88:149–154
Shirama K, Furuya T, Takeo Y, Shimizu K, Maekawa K (1981a) Sex and strain differences in porphyrin content of the Harderian gland of mice. Zool Mag (Tokyo) 90:247–250
Shirama K, Furuya T, Takeo Y, Shimizu K, Maekawa K (1981b) Influences of some endocrine glands and of hormone replacement on porphyrins of the Harderian glands of mice. J Endocrinol 91:305–312
Shirama K, Kohda M, Kohda M, Hokano M (1987) Effects of lighting conditions and of hormone replacement on the level of porphyrins in the rat Harderian gland. J Endocrinol Invest 10:79–82
Sinclair PR, Granick S (1976) The transport of hemin and protoporphyrin across the plasma membrane of chick embryo liver cells in culture. Ann Clin Res 8:250–258
Smith AG, Francis JE (1981) Investigations of rat liver uroporphyrinogen decarboxylase — comparisons of porphyrinogens I and III as substrates and the inhibition by porphyrins. Biochem J 195:241–250
Smith KM (1975) Porphyrins and metalloporphyrins. Elsevier Scientific, Amsterdam
Spike RC (1986) The hamster Harderian gland: regulation of morphology and porphyrin biosynthesis by gonadal steroids. PhD Thesis Glasgow Univ, Glasgow, Scotland
Spike RC, Johnston HS, McGadey J, Moore MR, Thompson GG, Payne AP (1985) Quantitative studies on the effects of hormones on structure and porphyrin biosynthesis in the Harderian gland of the female golden hamster. I. The effects of ovariectomy and androgen administration. J Anat 142:59–72
Spike RC, Johnston HS, McGadey J, Moore MR, Thompson GG, Payne AP (1986a) Quantitative studies on the effects of hormones on structure and porphyrin biosynthesis in the Harderian gland of the female golden hamster. II. The time course of changes after ovariectomy. J Anat 145:67–77
Spike RC, McGadey J, Johnston HS, Payne AP, Thompson GG, Moore MR (1986b) The prevention of porphyrin loss from tissues during routine histological processing: Quantitative studies on the Harderian gland. Histochem J 18:245–250
Spike RC, Payne AP, Moore MR (1986c) The effects of castration and steroid administration on porphyrin biosynthesis in the Harderian gland of the male golden hamster. Biochem Soc Trans 14:140–141
Spike RC, Payne AP, Moore MR (1988) The effects of age on the structure and porphyrin synthesis of the Harderian gland of the female golden hamster. J Anat 160:157–166
Spike RC, Stewart SL, Murray K, Kelly FM, Maharaj JA, Payne AP, Moore MR (1990a) Porphyrin synthesis in the Harderian gland and other tissues of the golden hamster during pregnancy and lactation. Mol Aspects Med 11:151–152
Spike RC, Payne AP, Moore MR (1990b) Harderianectomy and porphyrin synthesis. Mol Aspects Med 11:151
Spike RC, Payne AP, Thompson GG, Moore MR (1990c) High-performance liquid chromatographic analysis of porphyrins in hamster Harderian glands. Biochem Biophys Acta 1034:1–3
Strong LC (1942) Sex differences in pigment content of Harderian glands of mice. Proc Soc Exp Biol Med 50:123–125
Strong LC (1944) Maternal inheritance of protoporphyrins of the Harderian glands in mice. Proc Soc Exp Biol Med 57:78–79
Strong LC, Figge FHJ (1941) Fluorescence of Harderian glands in mice of cancer-susceptible and cancer-resistant strains. Science 94:331
Strum JM, Shear CR (1982a) Harderian glands in mice: fluorescence, peroxidase activity and fine structure. Tissue Cell 14:135–148
Strum JM, Shear CR (1982b) Constant light exposure induces damage and squamous metaplasia in Harderian glands of albino mice. Tissue Cell 14:149–161
Sun CY, Nadakavukaren MJ (1980) Effect of testosterone on the female hamster Harderian gland pigmentation and ultrastructure. Cell Tissue Res 207:511–517
Thiessen DD, Kittrell EMW (1980) The Harderian gland and thermoregulation in the gerbil (Meriones unguiculatus). Physiol Behav 24:417–424
Thiessen DD, Clancy A, Goodwin M (1976) Harderian gland pheromone in the Mongolian gerbil (Meriones unguiculatus). J Chem Ecol 2:231–238
Thomas MJ (1938) Contributions à l’étude des porphyrines en biologie et en pathologie. I. Genèse du noyau tetrapyrrolique. Br Soc Chim Biol 20:471
Thompson GG, Hordovatzi X, Moore MR, McGadey J, Payne AP (1984) Sex differences in haem biosynthesis and porphyrin content in the Harderian gland of the golden hamster. Int J Biochem 16:849–852
Tomio JM, Grinstein M (1968) Porphyrin biosynthesis 5. Biosynthesis of protoporphyrin IX in Harderian glands. Eur J Biochem 6:80–83
Tomio JM, Tuzman V, Grinstein M (1968) 5-Aminolevulinate dehydratase from rat Harderian gland. Purification and properties. Euro J Biochem 6:84–87
Towbin EJ, Fanta PE, Hodge HC (1945) The porphyrin of Harder’s gland. Proc Soc Exp Biol Med 60:228–231
Ulrich R, Yuwiler A, Geller E, Wetterberg L (1974) Effects of sex hormones and environmental lighting on rat Harderian gland porphyrin. J Endocrinol 63:99–102
Walls GL (1942) The vertebrate eye and its adaptive radiation. Cranbrook Inst Sci Bull, Bloomfield Hills, MI, 19
Wetterberg L (1972) Increase of Harderian gland porphyrin content in castrated male hamsters dependent on light and visual function. Life Sci 11:541–546
Wetterberg L, Yuwiler A, Geller E, Shapiro S (1970a) Harderian gland: development and influence of early hormonal treatment on porphyrin content. Science 168:996–998
Wetterberg L, Geller E, Yuwiler A (1970b) Harderian gland: an extraretinal photoreceptor influencing the pineal gland in neonatal rats? Science 167:884–885
Wetterberg L, Marver HS, Swanson AL (1971) Delta-aminolaevulinic acid synthetase in the Harderian gland. S Afr J Lab Clin Med (Spec Issue) 45:189–190
Wetterberg L, Ulrich R, Yuwiler A (1972a) Light, the Harderian gland and the rodent pineal. In: Proc 4th Int Cong Endocrinol, Washington DC. Am Elsevier, New York, pp 268–272
Wetterberg L, Nyström B, Nilsson B (1972b) Effect of lighting conditions on the porphyrin content and morphology of the Harderian gland and on uterine morphology in the golden hamster. Experientia 28:1084–1085
Woodhouse MA, Rhodin JAG (1963) The ultrastructure of the Harderian gland of the mouse with particular reference to the formation of its secretory product. J Ultrastr Res 9:76–98
Wooding FBP (1980) Lipid droplet secretion by the rabbit Harderian gland. J Ultrastruct Res 71:68–78
Woods JS, Dixon RL (1970) Perinatal differences in delta-aminolevulinic acid synthetase activity. Life Sci 9:711–719
Woolley GW, Worley J (1954) Sexual dimorphism in the Harderian gland of the hamster (Cricetus auratus). Anat Rec 118:416–417
Yamazaki T, Seyama Y, Otsuka H, Ogawa H, Yamakawa T (1981) Identification of alkyldiacyl-glycerols containing saturated methyl branched chains in the Harderian gland of guinea pig. J Biochem 89:683–691
Author information
Authors and Affiliations
Editor information
Editors and Affiliations
Rights and permissions
Copyright information
© 1992 Springer-Verlag Berlin Heidelberg
About this chapter
Cite this chapter
Spike, R.C., Payne, A.P., Moore, M.R. (1992). Porphyrins and Their Possible Significance in Harderian Glands. In: Webb, S.M., Hoffman, R.A., Puig-Domingo, M.L., Reiter, R.J. (eds) Harderian Glands. Springer, Berlin, Heidelberg. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-642-76685-5_11
Download citation
DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-642-76685-5_11
Publisher Name: Springer, Berlin, Heidelberg
Print ISBN: 978-3-642-76687-9
Online ISBN: 978-3-642-76685-5
eBook Packages: Springer Book Archive