Abstract
Both historical reports of stimulating the heart by shocking it through the chest in the 18th century and the first attempts to pace the heart percutaneously in 1932 dealt with children [1]. Despite this, permanent pacemaker implantations in children, though increasing in number, still account for only a small percentage of implanted pacemaker systems. Ninety percent of patients with pacemakers are older than 60 years.
Sponsored by a grant from Verein Hilfe für das herzkranke Kind, Graz, Austria
This is a preview of subscription content, log in via an institution to check access.
Access this chapter
Tax calculation will be finalised at checkout
Purchases are for personal use only
Preview
Unable to display preview. Download preview PDF.
References
Gamble WJ, Owens JP (1977) Pacemaker therapy for conduction defects in the pediatric population. In: Roberts N, Gelband H (eds) Cardiac arrhythmias in the neonate, infant and child. Appleton-Century-Crofts, New York, pp 469–525.
Ector H, Dhooghe G, Daenen W, Stalpaert G, Hauwaert van der L, Geest De H (1985) Pacing in children. Br Heart J 53:541–546.
Epstein ML, Knauf DG, Alexander JA (1986) Long-term follow-up of transvenous cardiac pacing in children. Am J Cardiol 57:889–890.
Esscher E, Michaelsson M (1979) Assessment and management of complete heart block. In: Godman MJ, Marquis RM (eds) Heart disease in the newborn. Pediatric cardiologgy, vol 2 Churchill Livingstone, Edinburgh, pp 433–441.
Gillette PC, Zeigler V, Bradham GB, Kinsella P (1988) Pediatric transvenous pacing: a concern for venous thrombosis? PACE 11:1935–1939.
Goldmann BS, Williams WG, Hill T, Hesslein PS, McLaughlin PR, Trusler GA, Baird RJ (1985) Permanent cardiac pacing after open heart surgery: congenital heart disease. PACE 8:732–739.
Kugler J, Monsour W, Blodgett C, Cheatham J, Gumbiner C, Hofschire P, Watson L, Fleming W (1988) Comparison of myoepicardial pacemaker leads: follow-up in 80 children, adolescents and young adults. PACE 11:2216–2222.
McGrath LB, Gonzalez-Lavin L, Morse DP, Levett JM (1988) Pacemaker system failure and other events in children with surgically induced heart block. PACE 11:1182–1187.
Serwer GA, Mericle JM (1987) Evaluation of pacemaker pulse generator and patient longevity in patients aged 1 day to 20 years. Am J Cardiol 59:824–827.
Serwer GA, Mericle JM, Armstrong BE (1988) Epicardial ventricular electrode longevity in children. Am J Cardiol 61:104–106.
Villain E, Seletti L, Kachaner J, Planche C, Sidi D, Bidois Le J (1989) Artificial cardiac stimulation in the newborn infant with complete congenital atrioventricular block. Study of 16 cases. Arch Mal Coeur 82:739–744.
Walsh CA, McAlister HF, Andrews CA, Steeg CN, Eisenberg R, Furman S (1988) Pacemaker in children: a 21-year experience. PACE 11:1940–1944.
Ward DE (1983) Permanent pacing in children. In: Anderson RH, Macartney FJ, Shinebourne EA, Tynan M (eds) Pediatric cardiology, vol 5 Churchill Livingstone, Edinburgh, pp 34–45.
Ward DE, Signy M, Oldershaw P, Jones S, Shinebourne EA (1982) Cardiac pacing in children. Arch dis Child 57:514–520.
Alpern D, Uzark K, Dick II M (1989) Psychosocial responses of children to cardiac pacemakers. J Pediatr 114:494–501.
Kugler JD, Danford DA (1989) Pacemakers in children: an update. Am Heart J 117:665–679.
Brüggemann G, Steil E, Barth H, Huth C, Apitz J (1988) Cardiac pacing in children. Klin Pädiatr 200:399–403.
Karpawich PP, Perry BL, Farooki ZQ, Clapp SK, Jackson WL, Cicalese CA, Green EW (1986) Pacing in children and young adults with nonsurgical atrioventricular block: comparison of single-rate ventricular and dual-chamber modes. Am Heart J 13:316–321.
Karpawich PP, Gillette PC, Carson A Jr, Hesslein PS, Porter CJ, McNamara DG (1981) Congenital complete atrioventricular block: clinical and electrophysiologic predictors of need for pacemaker insertion. Am J Cardiol 48:1098–1102.
Lincoln C, Butler P, Logan-Sinclair R, Anderson RH (1979) A cardiac conduction monitor and probe for intraoperative identification of conduction tissue. Br Heart J 42:339–344.
Iberer F, Tscheliessnigg W, Stenzl D, Dacar D, Rigler B, Mächler H, Kraft-Kinz J (1987) Seven years experience with growth-adapting electrodes for transvenous pacing in childhood. PACE 10:690–698.
Ward DE, Jones S, Shinebourne EA (1987) Long-term transvenous pacing in children weighing ten kilograms or less. Int J Cardiol 15:112–115.
Till JA, Jones S, Rowland E, Shinebourne EA, Ward DE (1989) Endocardial pacing in children: long term clinical experience with steroid eluting lead. III. World Congress of Pediatric Cardiology, Bangkok, 1989, p 178 (abstract).
Spotnitz HM 81990) Transvenous pacing in infants and children with congenital heart disease. Ann Thorac Surg 49:495-496.
Frye RL, Collins JJ, DeSanctis RW, Dodge HT, Dreifus LS, Fisch C, Gettes LS, Gillette PC, Parsonnet V, Reeves J, Weinberg SL (1984) Guidelines for permanent cardiac pacemaker implantation. Circulation 70:331A–339A.
Dreifus LS, Fisch C, Griffin JC, Gillette PC, Mason JW, Parsonnet V (1991) Guidelines of cardiac pacemakers and antiarrhythmia devices. JACC 18:1–13.
Nikol S, Minale C, Engelhardt W, Messmer BJ (1990) New site for pacemaker generators in children. Eur J Cardiothorac Surg 4:342–344.
Kiso I, Hirotani T, Maehara T, Yozu R, Umezu Y, Ishikura Y (1990) Intrathoracic pacemaker implantation in children. Kyobu Geka 43:280–282
Editor information
Editors and Affiliations
Rights and permissions
Copyright information
© 1992 Springer Verlag, Berlin Heidelberg
About this paper
Cite this paper
Stein, J.I., Dacar, D., Metzler, H., Sovinz, P., Beitzke, A. (1992). Pacemakers in Children. In: Atlee, J.L., Gombotz, H., Tscheliessnigg, K.H. (eds) Perioperative Management of Pacemaker Patients. Springer, Berlin, Heidelberg. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-642-76531-5_6
Download citation
DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-642-76531-5_6
Publisher Name: Springer, Berlin, Heidelberg
Print ISBN: 978-3-540-53874-5
Online ISBN: 978-3-642-76531-5
eBook Packages: Springer Book Archive