Skip to main content
SpringerLink
Log in

Bacterial Exotoxins and Acute Lung Failure

  • Conference paper
Molecular Aspects of Inflammation

  • 73 Accesses

Abstract

The adult respiratory distress syndrome (ARDS), developing under conditions of sepsis, shock, and severe polytrauma, is characterized by increased pulmonary artery pressure with concomitant perfusion inhomogeneities and increased permeability of lung endothelial and epithelial membranes (Fig. 1). The permeability increase results in the formation of protein-rich interstitial and alveolar edema. Ventilation perfusion mismatch, shunt flow, and diffusion impairment cause severe disturbances of gas exchange.

This is a preview of subscription content, log in via an institution to check access.

Access this chapter

Log in via an institution
Chapter
USD 29.95
Price excludes VAT (USA)
  • Available as PDF
  • Read on any device
  • Instant download
  • Own it forever
eBook
USD 129.00
Price excludes VAT (USA)
  • Available as PDF
  • Read on any device
  • Instant download
  • Own it forever
Softcover Book
USD 169.99
Price excludes VAT (USA)
  • Compact, lightweight edition
  • Dispatched in 3 to 5 business days
  • Free shipping worldwide - see info

Tax calculation will be finalised at checkout

Purchases are for personal use only

Institutional subscriptions

Preview

Unable to display preview. Download preview PDF.

Unable to display preview. Download preview PDF.

References

  1. Fowler AA, Hamman RF, Zerbe GO, Benson KN & Hyers TM (1985) Adult respiratory distress syndrome. Prognosis after onset. Am Rev Respir Dis 132:427–478

    Google Scholar 

  2. Montgomery AB, Stager MA, Carrico CJ & Hudson LD (1985) Causes of mortality in patients with the adult respiratory distress syndrome. Am Rev Respir Dis 132:485–489

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  3. Petty TL (1985) Indicators of risk, course, and prognosis in adult respiratory distress syndrome (ARDS). Am Rev Respir Dis 132:471–472

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  4. Andrews CP, Coalson JJ, Smith JD & Johanson WG (1981) Diagnosis of nosocomial pneumonia in acute, diffuse lung injury. Chest 80:254–258

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  5. Bodey GP, Jadea L & Elting I (1985) Pseudomonas bacteremia. Arch Intern Med 145:1621–1629

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  6. Brigham KL & Meyrick B (1984) Interactions of granulocytes with the lung. Circ Res 54:623–635

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  7. Brigham KL & Meyrick B (1977) Endotoxin and lung injury. Am Rev Respir Dis 133:913–927

    Google Scholar 

  8. Cavalierei S, Bohach GA & Snyder IS (1984) Escherichia coli a-hemolysin: characteristics and probable role in pathgenecity. Microbiol Rev l(48):326–343

    Google Scholar 

  9. Bhakdi S, Mackman N, Nicaud J-M & Holland IB (1986) Escherichia coli hemolysin may damage target cell membranes by generating transmembrane pores. Infect Immun 52:63–69

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  10. Bhakdi S & Tranum-Jensen J (1987) Damage to mammalian cells by proteins that form transmembrane pores. Rev Physiol Biochem Pharmacol 107:148–223

    Google Scholar 

  11. Bhakdi S & Tranum-Jensen J (1988) Damage to cell membranes by pore-forming bacteria cytolysins. Progr Allerg 40:1–43

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  12. Mackman N & Hollan IB (1984) Secretion of a 107 K dalton polypetide onto the medium from a hemolytic E. coli K12 strain. Mol Gen Genet 193:312–315

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  13. Welch RA & Pellet S (1988) Transcriptional organization of theEscherichia coli hemolysin genes. J Bacteriol 170:1622–1630

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  14. Welch RA, Dellinger EP, Minshew B & Falkow S (1981) Hemolysin contributes to virulence of extra-intestinal E. coli infections. Nature (London) 294:665–667

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  15. Welch RA & Falkow S (1984) Characterization of Escherichia coli hemolysin conferring quantitative differences in virulence. Infect Immun 43:156–160

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  16. Fünfstück R, Tschäpe H, Stein G, Kunath H, Bergner M & Wessel G (1986) Virulence properties of Escherichia coli strains in patients with chronic pyelonephritis. Infection 14:145–150

    Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  17. Hacker J, Hughes C, Hof H & Goebel W (1983) Cloned hemolysin genes from Escherichia coli that cause urinary tract infection determine different levels of toxicity in mice. Infect Immun 42:57–63

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  18. Flemlee T, Pellet S & Welch RA (1985) Nucleotide sequence of an E. coli chromosomal hemolysin. J Bacteriol 163:94–105

    Google Scholar 

  19. Menestrina G, Mackman N, Holland IB & Bhakdi S (1987) E. coli hemolysin forms volt- age-dependent ion charinels in lipid membranes. Biochim Biophys Acta 905:109–117

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  20. Menestrina G (1988) Escherichia coli hemolysin permeabilizes small unilamellar vesicles loaded with calcium by a single-hit mechanism. FEBS Lett. 232:217–224

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  21. Bhakdi S, Greulich S, Muhly M, Eberspächer B, Becker H, Thiele A & Hugo F (1989) Potent leucocidal action of Escherichia coli hemolysin mediated by permeabilization of target cell membranes. J Exp Med 169:737–754

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  22. Boehm DF, Welch RA & Snyder IS (1990) Calcium is required for binding ofEscherichia coli hemolysin (Hlya) to erythrocyte membrane. Infect Immun 58:1951–1958

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  23. Ludwig A, Jarchau T, Benz R & Goebel W (1988) The repeat domain of E. coli hemolysin is responsible for its Ca-dependent binding to erythrocytes. Mol Gen Genet 214:553–561

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  24. Boehm DF, Welch RA & Snyder IS (1990) Domains of Escherichia coli hemolysin (HlyA) involved in binding of calcium and erythrocyte membranes. Infect Immun 58:1959–1964

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  25. Seeger W, Walter H, Suttorp N & Bhakdi S (1989) Thromboxane-mediated hypertension and vascular leakage evoked by low doses of Escherichia coli hemolysin in rabbit lungs. J Clin Invest 84:220–227

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  26. Seeger W, Obernitz R, Thomas M, Walmrath D, Holland IB, Grimminger F, Eberspächer B, Hugo F, Suttorp N Sc Bhakdi S (1991) Lung vascular injury after administration of viable hemolysin-forming Escherichia coli in isolated rabbit lungs. Am Rev Respir Dis (in press)

    Google Scholar 

  27. Walmrath E, König R, Ernst C, Brückner H, Grimminger F & Seeger W (1991) Ventilation-perfusion relationships in isolated bloodfiree perfused rabbit lungs. Am Rev Respir Dis (in press)

    Google Scholar 

  28. Seeger W, Birkemeyer RG, Ermert L, Suttorp N, Bhakdi S & Duncker HR (1990) Staphylococcal alpha-toxin induced vascular leakage in rabbit lungs. Lab Invest 63:341–349

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  29. Ermert L, Rousseau S, Schütte H, Birkemeyer RG, Grimminger F, Bhakdi S, Duncker HR & Seeger W, Induction of severe vascular leakage by low doses ofEscherichia coli hemolysin in perfused rabbit lungs, (submitted)

    Google Scholar 

  30. Suttorp N, Flöer B, Seeger W, Schnittler H & Bhakdi S (1990) Effects of E. coli hemolysin on endothelial cell function. Infect Immun 58:3796–3801

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  31. Grimminger F, Walmrath D, Birkemeyer RG, Bhakdi S & Seeger W (1990) Burst of leukotriene- and HETE-generation elicited by low dose Escherichia coli hemolysin in rabbit lungs. Infect Immun 58:2659–2663

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  32. Grimminger F, Thomas M, Obernitz R, Walmrath D, Bhakdi S & Seeger W (1990) Inflammatory lipid mediator generation elicited by viable hemolysin-forming Escherichia coli in lung vasculature. J Exp Med 172:1115–1125

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  33. Bhakdi S, Greulich S, Muhly M, Eberspächer B, Becker H, Thiele A & Hugo F (1989) Potent leucocidal action of Escherichia coli hemolysin mediated by permeabilization of target cell membranes. J Exp Med 169:737–754

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  34. Grimminger F, Scholz C, Bhakdi S & Seeger W (1991) Subhemolytic doses of Escherichia coli hemolysin evoke large quantities of 4- and 5-series leukotrienes in human neutrophils in dependence on exogenous fatty acid supply. J Biol Chem (in press)

    Google Scholar 

  35. Grimminger F, Menger M, Becker G & Seeger W (1988) Potentiation of leukotriene generation following sequestration of neutrophils in isolated lungs. Blood 72:1687–1692

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  36. Grimminger F, Kreusler B, Schneider U, Becker G & Seeger W (1990) Influence of microvascular adherence on neutrophil leukotriene generation - evidence for cooperative eicosanoid synthesis. J Immunol 144:1866–1872

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  37. Seeger W, Suttorp N, Hellwig A & Bhakdi S (1986) Noncytolytic terminal complement complexes may serve as calcium gates to elicit leukotriene generation in human polymorphonuclear leukocytes. J Immunol 137:1286–1293

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  38. Bhakdi S, Greulich S, Muhly M, Korom S & Schmidt G (1990) Effects of E. coli hemolysin on human monocytes: cytocidal action and stimulation of interleukin-1 release. J Clin Invest 85:1746–1753

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  39. Bhakdi S, Muhly M, Korom S & Hugo F (1989) Release of interleukin-1-beta associated with potent cytocidal action of staphylococcal alpha-toxin on human monocytes. Infect Immun 57:3512–3519

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  40. Seeger W & Suttorp N (1988) Role of membrane lipids in the pulmonary vascular abnormalities caused by bacterial toxins. Am Rev Respir Dis 136:462–466

    Article  Google Scholar 

  41. Grimminger F, Sibelius U, Bhakdi S, Suttorp N & Seeger W, Escherichia coli hemolysin- induced secretory responses and PAF generation in human neutrophils is related to phos- phoinositide hydrolysis In press: J Clin Invent

    Google Scholar 

Download references

Author information

Authors and Affiliations

  1. Medizinische Klinik I, Klinikum der Justus-Liebig-Universität, 6300, Gießen, Germany

    W. Seeger, F. Grimminger, D. Walmrath & N. Suttorp

  2. Med. Mikrobiologie, Klinikum der Gutenberg-Universität, 6500, Mainz, Germany

    S. Bhakdi

Authors
  1. W. Seeger
    View author publications

    You can also search for this author in PubMed Google Scholar

  2. F. Grimminger
    View author publications

    You can also search for this author in PubMed Google Scholar

  3. D. Walmrath
    View author publications

    You can also search for this author in PubMed Google Scholar

  4. N. Suttorp
    View author publications

    You can also search for this author in PubMed Google Scholar

  5. S. Bhakdi
    View author publications

    You can also search for this author in PubMed Google Scholar

Editor information

Editors and Affiliations

  1. Institut für Physiologische Chemie I, Universität Düsseldorf, Moorenstr. 5, 4000, Düsseldorf, Germany

    Helmut Sies

  2. Gesellschaft für Biotechnologische Forschung, Mascheroder Weg 1, 3300, Braunschweig, Germany

    Leopold Flohé

  3. Gustav-Embden-Zentrum der Biologischen Chemie, Universität Frankfurt, Theodor-Stern-Kai 7, 6000, Frankfurt am Main, Germany

    Guido Zimmer

Rights and permissions

Reprints and permissions

Copyright information

© 1991 Springer-Verlag Berlin Heidelberg

About this paper

Cite this paper

Seeger, W., Grimminger, F., Walmrath, D., Suttorp, N., Bhakdi, S. (1991). Bacterial Exotoxins and Acute Lung Failure. In: Sies, H., Flohé, L., Zimmer, G. (eds) Molecular Aspects of Inflammation. Colloquium der Gesellschaft für Biologische Chemie 11.–13. April 1991 in Mosbach/Baden, vol 42. Springer, Berlin, Heidelberg. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-642-76412-7_17

Download citation

  • DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-642-76412-7_17

  • Publisher Name: Springer, Berlin, Heidelberg

  • Print ISBN: 978-3-642-76414-1

  • Online ISBN: 978-3-642-76412-7

  • eBook Packages: Springer Book Archive

Publish with us

Policies and ethics

Search

Navigation