Abstract
The architecture problem for interactive systems is a hard problem. Objective, rational and well-informed analysis of interactive architectures is rare. This is not all due to sloppy thinking. Much of it is due to the many obstacles to progress in the area of software for interactive systems. The topic is inherently slippery, because it is hard to get a grip with either our hands or our feet. The minute we think we have a grasp of the main issues, new technologies rain down on us and wash away the islands of firm ground on which we are standing. Part of the problem has undoubtedly been a lack of appropriate standards. The GKS standard took a conservative approach to interactive input (Rosenthal et al. 1982), and the PHIGS standard (Shuey et al. 1986) has added no significant developments for interaction2.
Keywords
These keywords were added by machine and not by the authors. This process is experimental and the keywords may be updated as the learning algorithm improves.
This is a preview of subscription content, log in via an institution.
Buying options
Tax calculation will be finalised at checkout
Purchases are for personal use only
Learn about institutional subscriptionsPreview
Unable to display preview. Download preview PDF.
References
Adhami, E, D.P. Brown and S.K. Mitra. (1987), “Application modelling for the provision of an adaptive user interface: a knowledge-based approach” in Human-Computer Interaction — INTERACT’87, eds. H.-J. Bullinger and B. Shackel, 981–987, North-Holland: Amsterdam
Anson, E. (1980), “The Semantics of Graphical Input” in Methodology of Interaction, eds. R.A. Guedj, P.J.W. ten Hagen, F.R.A. Hopgood, H.A. Tucker and D.A. Duce, 115–126, North-Holland: Amsterdam.
Apple Computer Inc. (1985), Inside Macintosh, volume 1, Addison Wesley: Menlo Park.
Bass, L., E. Hardy, R. Little and R. Seacord (1990), “Incremental Development of User Interfaces” in Engineering for Human- Computer Interaction, ed. G. Cockton, 155–175, North-Holland: Amsterdam.
Beech, D. (ed) (1985), Concepts in User Interfaces: A Reference Model for Command and Response Languages, LNCS 234, Springer-Verlag.
Benbasat, I. and Y. Wand (1984), “A structured approach to designing human-computer dialogues,” International Journal of Man-Machine Studies, 21(2), 105–126.
Benyon, D. (1984), “Monitor: A Self-Adaptive User Interface” in Proceedings of the 1st IFIP Conference on Human-Computer Interaction, ed. B. Shackel, 1:307–313 (participants edition), Elsevier/IEE: London.
Borning, A. and R. Duisberg (1986), “Constraint-Based Tools for Building User Interfaces,” Transactions on Graphics, 5(4), 345–374, ACM.
Carbonell, J.R. (1970), “AI in CAI: An Artificial Intelligence Approach to Computer-Assisted Instruction”, Transactions on Man-Machine Systems, MMS-11(4), 190–202, IEEE.
Carlsen, N.V., N.J. Christensen and H.A. Tucker (1990), “An Extended Event Model for Specifying User Interfaces” in Engineering for Human-Computer Interaction, ed. G. Cockton, 473–491, North-Holland: Amsterdam.
Carré, B. (1979), Graphs and Networks, Oxford University Press: Oxford.
Cockton, G. (1987a), “A New Model for Separable Interactive Systems” in Human-Computer Interaction — INTERACT’87, eds. H.-J. Bullinger and B. Shackel, 1033–1038 (participants’ edition), North-Holland: Amsterdam.
Cockton, G. (1987b), “Some Critical Remarks on Abstractions for Adaptable Dialogue Managers” in People and Computers III, eds. D. Diaper and R. Winder, 325–344, Cambridge University Press: Cambridge.
Cockton, G. (1988), “Interaction Ergonomics, Control and Separation: Open Problems in User Interface Management Systems,” Scottish HCI Centre Report, AMU 8811/03H, Scottish HCI Centre, Heriot-Watt University, Edinburgh, Scotland.
Cockton, G. (1990a), “Models and architectures (introduction)” in Engineering for Human-Computer Interaction, ed. G. Cockton, 107–111, North-Holland: Amsterdam.
Cockton, G. (1990b), “Formalisms: abstractions and their representation (introduction)” in Engineering for Human-Computer Interaction, ed. G. Cockton, 331–332, North-Holland: Amsterdam.
Cockton, G. (1990c), “User support (introduction)” in Engineering for Human-Computer Interaction, ed. G. Cockton, 253–255, North-Holland: Amsterdam.
Cockton, G. (1990d), “Designing abstractions for communication control” in Formal Methods in Human-Computer Interaction, ed. M. Harrison and H. Thimbleby, 233–271, Cambridge University Press: Cambridge.
Cockton, G. (1990e), “Lean Cuisine: no sauces, no courses!,” Interacting with Computers, 2(2), 205–216.
Cockton, G. (1990f), “Engineering for Human Computer Interaction: Architecture and abstraction” in Engineering for Human-Computer Interaction, ed. G. Cockton, 3–8, North-Holland: Amsterdam.
Cockton, G. and B. Sharratt (1987), “Dialogue Specification and Implementation” in HCI’87 Tutorial Notes, British Computer Society: London.
Coutaz, J. (1985), “Abstractions for user interface design,” Computer, 18(9), 21–34.
Coutaz, J. (1987) “PAC, an object oriented model for dialog design”, in Human-Computer Interaction — INTERACT’87, eds. H.-J. Bullinger and B. Shackel, 431–436 (participant’s edition), North-Holland: Amsterdam.
Coutaz, J. (1989), “UIMS: Promises, Failures and Trends” in People and Computers V, ed. A. Sutcliffe and L. Macaulay, 71–81, Cambridge University Press: Cambridge.
Dance, J.R., T.E. Granor, R.D. Hill, S.E. Hudson, J. Meads, B.A. Myers, and A. Schulert (1987), “The Run-time Structure of UIMS-Supported Applications,” Computer Graphics, 21(2), 97–102, ACM.
Davenport, C. and G. Weir (1986), “Plan recognition for intelligent monitoring” in People and Computers: Designing for Usability, ed. M.D. Harrison and A. Monk, 296–315, Cambridge University Press: Cambridge.
Dix, A. (1988), “Abstract generic models of interactive systems,” in People and Computers IV, ed. D.M. Jones and R. Winder, 63–77, Cambridge University Press: Cambridge.
Dix, A.J. and C. Runciman (1985), “Abstract Models of Interactive Systems” in People and Computers: Designing the Interface, ed. P. Johnson and S. Cook, 13–20, Cambridge University Press: Cambridge.
Frankowski, E.N., W.T. Wood and J. Larson (1990), “Concurrency and Multi-Threaded Interaction in the Task-Script User Interface Model” in Engineering for Human-Computer Interaction, ed. G. Cockton, 359–382, North-Holland: Amsterdam.
Green, M. (1985a), “Report on Dialogue Specification Tools” in User Interface Management Systems, ed. G.E. Pfaff, Springer-Verlag: Berlin, 9–20.
Green, M. (1985b), “The University of Alberta User Interface Management System,” Computer Graphics (SIG-GRAPH’85), 19(3), 205–213, ACM.
Guedj, R. A. and H. A. Tucker, eds. (1979), Computer Graphics Methodology, North-Holland: Amsterdam.
Henderson, D.A. (1986), “The Trillium User Interface Design Environment,” Proceedings of CHI’86, 221–227, ACM.
Herrmann, M. and R.D. Hill (1989), “The Structure of Tube — A Tool for Implementing Advanced User Interfaces” in Eurographics ’89, ed. W. Hansmann, F.R.A. Hopgood and W. Strasser, 15–25, Elsevier Science Publisher B.V.: Amsterdam.
Hill, R.D. (1986), “Supporting Concurrency, Communication and Synchronisation in Human-Computer Interaction — The Sassafras UIMS,” Transactions on Graphics, 5(3), 179–210, ACM.
Hill, R.D. (1987), “Event-Response Systems — A Technique for Specifying Multi-Threaded Dialogues,” Human Factors and Computing Systems — CHI+GI’87, 241–248, ACM.
Hix, D. and H.R. Hartson (1986), “An Interactive Environment for Dialogue Development: it’s Design, Use and Evaluation — or — Is AIDE Useful?,” Proceedings of CHI’86, 228–234, ACM.
Hoffner, Y., J. Dobson, and D. Iggulden (1990), “A New User Interface Architecture” in Engineering for Human-Computer Interaction, ed. G. Cockton, 113–136, North-Holland: Amsterdam.
Hudson, S.E. (1987), “UIMS support for Direct Manipulation Interfaces”, Computer Graphics, 21(2), 120–124, ACM.
Johnson, P., H. Johnson, R. Waddington and A. Shouls (1988) “Task-related Knowledge Structures: Analysis, Modelling and Application” in People and Computers IV, eds. D.M. Jones and R. Winder, 35–62, Cambridge University Press: Cambridge.
Kamran, A. (1985), “Issues Pertaining to the Design of a User Interface Management System” in User Interface Management Systems, ed. G.E. Pfaff, Springer-Verlag: Berlin, 43–48.
Lantz, K.A. (1987) “Multi-process Structuring of User Interface Software,” Computer Graphics, 21(2), 124–130.
Linton, M.A., J.M. Vlissides and P R Calder (1989), “Composing User Interfaces with Interviews,” IEEE Computer, 22(2).
Myers, B.A. (1989), “User-interface tools: Introduction and survey,” IEEE Software, 6(1), 15–23, IEEE.
Owen, D. (1986) “Answers first, then questions” in User Centred System Design, eds. D.A. Norman and S. Draper, 361–371, Lawrence Erlbaum Associates: New Jersey
Pfaff, G.E., ed. (1985), User Interface Management Systems, Springer Verlag: Berlin.
Reiss, S.P. and J.T. Stasko (1990) “The Brown Workstation Environment: A User Interface Design Toolkit” in Engineering for Human-Computer Interaction, ed. G. Cockton, 215–231, North-Holland: Amsterdam.
Rich, E.A. (1982) “Programs as data for their help systems,” Proceedings of the AFIPS Conference, 481–485, AFIPS/ACM.
Rosenthal, D.S.H., J.C. Michener, G. Pfaff, R. Kessener, and M. Sabin (1982), “The Detailed Semantics of Graphics Input Devices,” Computer Graphics, 16(3), 33–38, ACM.
Schmucker, K. (1986) “MacApp: an application framework,” Byte, 11(8), 189–193.
Scheifler, R.W. and J. Gettys (1986) “The X Window System,” Transactions on Graphics, 5(2), 79–109, ACM.
Shuey, D., D. Bailey and T.P. Morrissey (1986), “PHIGS: A Standard, Dynamic, Interactive Graphics Interface,” Computer Graphics and Applications, 50–56, IEEE.
Smith, R.B. (1987), “Experiences with the Alternate Reality Kit: an example of the tension between literalism and magic,” Human Factors and Computing Systems — CHI+GI’87, 61–67, ACM.
Sommerville, I. (1989), Software Engineering, 3rd edition, Addison-Wesley.
Thomas, J.J. and G. Hamlin (1983), “Graphical Input Interaction Technique (GIIT). Workshop Summary,” Computer Graphics, 17(1), 5–30, ACM.
Totterdell, P. and P. Cooper (1986), “Design and evaluation of the AID adaptive front-end to Telecom Gold” in People and Computers: Designing for Usability, ed. M.D. Harrison and A. Monk, 263–295, Cambridge University Press: Cambridge.
Trefz, B. and J. Ziegler (1990), “The User Interface Management System DIAMANT” in Engineering for Human-Computer Interaction, ed. G. Cockton, 177–195, North-Holland: Amsterdam.
Wasserman, A.I., P.A. Pircher, D.T. Shewmake and M.L. Kersten (1986) “Developing Interactive Information Systems with the User Software Engineering Methodology,” IEEE Trans, on Software Engineering, SE-12(2), 326–345.
Yunten T. and H.R. Hartson (1985), “A SUPERvisory Methodology And Notation (SUPERMAN) for Human-Computer System Development” in Advances in Human-Computer Interaction, volume 1, ed. H. R. Hartson, 243–281, Ablex.
Author information
Authors and Affiliations
Editor information
Editors and Affiliations
Rights and permissions
Copyright information
© 1991 EUROGRAPHICS The European Association for Computer Graphics
About this paper
Cite this paper
Cockton, G. (1991). The Architectural Bases of Design Re-use. In: Duce, D.A., Gomes, M.R., Hopgood, F.R.A., Lee, J.R. (eds) User Interface Management and Design. EurographicSeminars. Springer, Berlin, Heidelberg. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-642-76283-3_3
Download citation
DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-642-76283-3_3
Publisher Name: Springer, Berlin, Heidelberg
Print ISBN: 978-3-642-76285-7
Online ISBN: 978-3-642-76283-3
eBook Packages: Springer Book Archive