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Was wissen wir heute über die Bedeutung genetischer Faktoren für die Entstehung maligner Tumoren?

  • Conference paper
Krebsrisiken im Kopf-Hals-Bereich

Zusammenfassung

Wir wissen heute, daß Krebs eine genetische Erkrankung ist. Ausgangspunkt in der Entstehung eines jeden Tumors ist eine irreversible Änderung, d. h. eine Mutation irgendwo im Erbgut (Genom). Die betroffene Zelle im Organismus ist „initiiert“, sie kann sich, durch Tumorpromotoren stimuliert, einen Wachstumsvorsprung gegenüber den Nachbarzellen verschaffen. Sie ist aber noch nicht in der Lage, zu einem Tumor auszuwachsen. Zur Entstehung eines gutartigen Tumors und hieraus zu einem soliden Tumor kann jeweils eine weitere genetische Änderung (Mutation) notwendig sein. Da Tumorzellen genetisch zunehmend instabil werden, ist auch die Wahrscheinlichkeit der Ausprägung von Tumorzellheterogenitäten und der Tumorprogression unter Bildung von metastasierenden Subklonen in erhöhtem Maße gegeben. Dieser, in Abb. 1 schematisch dargestellte, mehrstufige Ablauf der Karzinogenese dürfte für die meisten soliden Tumoren (mit Ausnahme des Retinoblastoms, s. unten) zutreffen. Welche Gene sind betroffen und welcher Natur sind die genetischen Änderungen?

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Authors
  1. F. X. Bosch
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Editors and Affiliations

  1. Universitäts-Hals-Nasen-Ohren-Klinik Heidelberg, Im Neuenheimer Feld 400, W-6900, Heidelberg, Deutschland

    Heinz Maier  & Hagen Weidauer  & 

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© 1991 Springer-Verlag Berlin Heidelberg

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Bosch, F.X. (1991). Was wissen wir heute über die Bedeutung genetischer Faktoren für die Entstehung maligner Tumoren?. In: Maier, H., Weidauer, H. (eds) Krebsrisiken im Kopf-Hals-Bereich. Springer, Berlin, Heidelberg. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-642-76036-5_21

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  • DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-642-76036-5_21

  • Publisher Name: Springer, Berlin, Heidelberg

  • Print ISBN: 978-3-540-53084-8

  • Online ISBN: 978-3-642-76036-5

  • eBook Packages: Springer Book Archive

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