Abstract
Severe immunosuppression in patients undergoing organ transplantation such as kidney, heart, or liver transplantation is known to be related to a considerably increased carcinogenic risk. The cancers observed, however, show a distribution pattern different from those in the general population. Cancers of the skin and lips are the most common, followed by lymphomas, genital tract cancers, and Kaposi’s sarcomas (Penn 1983). This altered tumor spectrum has been observed irrespective of the fact that widely differing drugs are being used for immunosuppressive therapy such as azathioprine, cyclophosphamide, corticosteroids, antilymphocyte globulin and cyclosporin A. It is noteworthy that the only differences detected with different drugs relate to the frequency with which specific unusual cancers occur, e.g., cyclosporin A is associated with the occurrence of lymphomas rather than skin cancers (Penn and Brunson 1988).
This is a preview of subscription content, log in via an institution to check access.
Access this chapter
Tax calculation will be finalised at checkout
Purchases are for personal use only
Preview
Unable to display preview. Download preview PDF.
Similar content being viewed by others
References
Bierke P, Nilsson A (1989) Radiostrontium-induced oncogenesis and the role of immunosuppression I. Influence of 90Sr dose, adult thymectomy and antilymphocyte globulin treatment on the development of neoplastic and preneoplastic lesions in the skeleton of CBA mice. Acta Oncol 28:87–102
Bierke P, Nilsson A (1990) Radiostrontium-induced oncogenesis and the role of immunosuppression II. Influence of 90Sr dose, adult thymectomy and antilym-phocyteglobulin treatment on the development of lympho-reticular and extra skeletal neoplastic lesions in CBA mice. Acta Oncol 29:53–63
Brock N, Schneider B, Stekar J, Pohl J (1989) Experimental investigations into the carcinogenic effect of antitumor and immunosuppressive agents. J Cancer Res Clin Oncol 115:309–328
Cardozo BL, Martens ACM, Zurcher C, Hagenbeek A (1984) Secondary tumors after high-dose cyclophosphamide and total-body irradiation followed by bone marrow transplantation in a rat model for human acute myelocytic leukemia (BNML). Eur J Cancer Clin Oncol 20:695–698
Daynes RA, Harris CC, Connor RJ, Eichwald EJ (1979) Skin cancer development in mice exposed chronically to immunosuppressive agents. J Natl Cancer Inst 62:1075–1081
Habs M, Schmähl D (1976) Influence of five different postnatal lifelong treatments on the transplacental carcinogenicity of ethylnitrosourea in SD rats. Cancer Lett 2:93–100
Hattori A, Kunz HW, Gill TJ, Pan SF, Shinozuka H. (1988) Diversity of the promoting action of cyclosporine on the induction of murine lymphoid tumors. Carcinogenesis 9:1091–1094
Hooghe R, Janowski M, Greimers R, Schaaf-Lafontaine N (1989) Radiation-induced lymphomas developing during cyclosporine treatment. Transplantation 48:342–344
International Agency for Research on Cancer (1987) IARC Monographs on the evaluation of carcinogenic risks to humans. Supplement 7, IARC, Lyon
Kelly GE, Meikle W, Sheil AGR (1987) Effects of immunosuppressive therapy on the induction of skin tumors by ultraviolet irradiation in hairless mice. Transplantation 44:429–434
Krueger GRF, Malmgren RA, Berard CW (1971) Malignant lymphomas and plasmocytosis in mice under prolonged immunosuppression and persistent antigenic stimulation. Transplantation 11:138–144
Morrow WJW, Homsy J, Eichberg JW, Krowka J, Pan LZ, Gaston I, Legg H, Lerche N, Thomas J, Levy JA (1989) Long-term observation of baboons, rhesus monkeys, and chimpanzees inoculated with HIV and given periodic immunosuppressive treatment. Aids Res Hum Retroviruses 5:233–245
Nathanson RB, Forbes PD, Urbach F (1976) Modification of photocarcinogenesis by two immunosuppressive agents. Cancer Lett 1:243–247
Nelson EW, Eichwald EJ, Shelby J (1987) Increased ultraviolet radiation-induced skin cancers in cyclosporine-treated mice. Transplant Proc 19:526–527
Penn I (1983) Lymphomas complicating organ transplantation. Transplant Proc 15: 2790–2797
Penn I, Brunson ME (1988) Cancers after cyclosporine therapy. Transplant Proc 20:885–892
Petru E, Berger MR, Schmähl D (1989) Long-term carcinogenicity of cyclophosphamide in two mouse strains with different spontaneous leukemia incidence. Cancer Lett 44:221–226
Pirofsky B, Dawson PJ, Reid RH (1980) Lack of oncogenicity with immunosuppressive therapy. Cancer 45:2096–2101
Reznik-Schüller H, Kmoch N, Mohr U (1976) Carcinogenic effects of skin transplantation and immunosuppression in mice. Z Krebsforsch 87:275–280
Schmähl D, Habs M, Diehl B (1976a) Experimental investigations on the influence upon the chemical carcinogenesis. IInd communication: studies with 3,4-ben-zopyrene. Z Krebsforsch 86:85–88
Schmähl D, Danisman A, Habs M, Diehl B (1976b) Experimental investigations on the influence upon chemical carcinogenesis. IIIrd communication: studies with 1,2-dimethylhydrazine. Z Krebsforsch 86:89–94
Shinozuka H, Gill TJ, Kunz HW, Witkowski LA, Demetris AJ, Perera MIR (1986) Enhancement of the induction of murine thymic lymphomas by cyclosporine. Transplantation 41:377–380
Shinozuka H, Hattori A, Gill TJ, Kunz HW (1988) Experimental models of malignancies after cyclosporine therapy. Transplant Proc 20:893–899
Walker SE, Anver MR (1979) Accelerated appearance of neoplasms in female NZB/NZW mice treated with high-dose cyclophosphamide. Arthritis Rheum 22:1338–1343
Ways SC, Bern HA, Blair PB (1984) Effect of immunosuppression on neonatally diethylstilbestrol-induced genital tract lesions and tumor development in female mice. J Natl Cancer Inst 73:863–870
Yokota K, Gill TG, Shinozuka H (1989) Effects of oral versus topical administration of cyclosporine on phorbol ester promotion of murine epidermal carcinogenesis. Cancer Res 49:4586–4590
Zwanenburg TSB, Suter W, Matter BE (1988) Absence of genotoxic potential for cyclosporine in experimental systems. Transplant Proc 20:931–933
Editor information
Editors and Affiliations
Rights and permissions
Copyright information
© 1991 Springer-Verlag Berlin Heidelberg
About this paper
Cite this paper
Berger, M.R. (1991). Animal Models of Cancer Caused by Immunosuppression. In: Schmähl, D., Penn, I. (eds) Cancer in Organ Transplant Recipients. Springer, Berlin, Heidelberg. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-642-75991-8_1
Download citation
DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-642-75991-8_1
Publisher Name: Springer, Berlin, Heidelberg
Print ISBN: 978-3-540-53020-6
Online ISBN: 978-3-642-75991-8
eBook Packages: Springer Book Archive