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Cytokines and Sleep

  • Conference paper
Behavioral Aspects of Neuroendocrinology

Part of the book series: Current Topics in Neuroendocrinology ((CT NEUROENDOCRI,volume 10))

Abstract

The concept that sleep is regulated in part by humoral mechanisms is supported by experimental demonstrations of somnogenic substances (sleep factors, SFs) that accumulate in the brain and/or cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) during wakefulness (reviewed in Krueger et al. 1989a, b, c; Krueger and Karnovsky 1987; Brobély and Tobler 1989; Inoué 1989). These experiments began at the turn of the century with Legendre and Pieron (1913) and Ishimori (1909), who described the accumulation of SFs in CSF during prolonged wakefulness. Over the next 80 years, many investigators successfully repeated this type of experiment, showing the accumulation of SFs in CSF and/or the brain (Pappenheimer et al. 1967, 1975; Schnedorf and Ivy 1939; Nagasaki et al. 1974; Sallanon et al. 1982; Sachs et al. 1976; Adrien and Dugovic 1984; Borbély and Tobler 1980, 1989). Many of these putative SFs have recently been identified, and the list includes interleukin 1 (IL-1; Krueger et al. 1984a), interferon-α 2 (IFN-α 2; Krueger et al. 1987a), muramyl peptides (MPs; Krueger et al. 1982a, b; 1984 b, c; 1987 b), prostaglandin D2 (PGD2; Ueno et al. 1983; Hayaishi 1988), and uridine (Inoué et al. 1984). During the 1960s, Monnier’s group adopted a different approach to identify SFs, based on the observation of Kornmuller et al. (1961), who described a SF in the blood of sleeping cats during thalamic stimulation. Later, Schoenenberger et al. (1978) described this SF as “delta sleep-inducing peptide” A third approach used in the identification of SFs has simply been to assay substances, usually ones known to be linked to sleep in some way, for sleep-promoting activity. Examples of SFs discovered in this way include several hypothalamic-intestinal peptides and pituitary hormones, such as vasoactive intestinal peptide (VIP; Drucker-Colin et al. 1984; Obal 1986; Obal et al. 1986), growth hormone releasing factor (GRF; Obal 1986; Ehlers et al. 1986; Obal et al. 1988), and prolactin (PRL; Obal et al. 1989 b). Regardless of the rationale forming the basis for the search for a SF, it is currently evident that several substances (Table 1) have the capacity to enhance sleep.

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Authors and Affiliations

  1. Department of Physiology and Biophysics, University of Tennessee at Memphis, 894 Union Avenue, Memphis, TN, 38163, USA

    J. M. Krueger, M. R. Opp, L. Johannsen & L. Kapás

  2. Department of Comparative Medicine, University of Tennessee at Memphis, 956 Court Avenue, Memphis, TN, 38163, USA

    L. A. Toth

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  1. J. M. Krueger
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  2. M. R. Opp
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  3. L. A. Toth
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  4. L. Johannsen
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  5. L. Kapás
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Editors and Affiliations

  1. Pharmakologisches Institut, Universität Heidelberg, Im Neuenheimer Feld 366, 6900, Heidelberg, Germany

    Detlev Ganten M.D., Ph. D.

  2. Rockefeller University, York Avenue, and 66th Street, 10021, New York, NY, USA

    Donald Pfaff Ph. D.

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© 1990 Springer-Verlag Berlin Heidelberg

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Krueger, J.M., Opp, M.R., Toth, L.A., Johannsen, L., Kapás, L. (1990). Cytokines and Sleep. In: Ganten, D., Pfaff, D. (eds) Behavioral Aspects of Neuroendocrinology. Current Topics in Neuroendocrinology, vol 10. Springer, Berlin, Heidelberg. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-642-75837-9_10

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  • DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-642-75837-9_10

  • Publisher Name: Springer, Berlin, Heidelberg

  • Print ISBN: 978-3-642-75839-3

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