Skip to main content
SpringerLink
Log in
Book cover

Cyclic and Event Stratification pp 482–501Cite as

Environmental Changes During Oil Shale Deposition as Deduced from Stable Isotope Ratios

  • Conference paper

Abstract

In sections through Lower Toarcian oil shales, parallel variations in the 13-C/12-C ratios of carbonate and organic matter point to pronounced changes in the oxygen level of the water column. Fauna and flora, fossil preservation, paleogeography, and certain sedimentological features support this interpretation and justify the distinction of three lithologicisotopic facies types.Carbon isotopes might be generally useful in tracing the extent of “stagnation” during deposition of bituminous sediments.

Although much lower in δ 13 C than comparable Recent marine plankton, the bulk of the organic matter (as well as the oil shale carbonate) in the Posidonia Shales is ultimately derived from phytoplankton which inhabited the oxygenated surface layer of the ocean. Diagenetic processes such as oxidation, cementation, dolomitisation, isotope exchange, impregnation and migration have led to partial redistribution of carbon and oxygen isotopes within the sediment-pore water system.

This is a preview of subscription content, log in via an institution.

Chapter
USD   29.95
Price excludes VAT (USA)
  • Available as PDF
  • Read on any device
  • Instant download
  • Own it forever
eBook
USD   84.99
Price excludes VAT (USA)
  • Available as PDF
  • Read on any device
  • Instant download
  • Own it forever
Softcover Book
USD   109.99
Price excludes VAT (USA)
  • Compact, lightweight edition
  • Dispatched in 3 to 5 business days
  • Free shipping worldwide - see info

Tax calculation will be finalised at checkout

Purchases are for personal use only

Learn about institutional subscriptions

Preview

Unable to display preview. Download preview PDF.

Unable to display preview. Download preview PDF.

References

  • ALPERN, B., CHEYMOL D. (1978): Réflectance et fluorescence des organoclastes du Toarcien du Bassin de Paris en fonction de la profondeur et de la température. Rev. Inst. Franç. du Pétrole 33: 515–535

    Google Scholar 

  • BRENNER, K. (1976): Biostratinomische Unterschungen im Posidonienschiefer (Lias epsilon, Unteres Toarcium) von Holzmaden (Württemberg, Süddeutschland). Zbl. Geol. Paläont., 1976, Teil II: 223–226

    Google Scholar 

  • BRENNER, K., SEILACHER, A. (1978): New aspects about the origin of the Toarcian Posidonia Shales. N.Jb.Geol.Paläont., Abh. 157: 11–18

    Google Scholar 

  • BROCKAMP, B. (1944): Zur Paläogeographie und Bitumenführung des Posi- donienschiefers im deutschen Lias. Arch. Lagerstättenforsch. 77.

    Google Scholar 

  • DEUSER, W.G. (1970): Carbon-13 in Black Sea waters and implications for the origin of hydrogen sulfide. Science 168: 1575–1577

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • DURAND, B., ESPITALIE, J., NICAISE, G., COMBAZ, A. (1972): Etudes de la matière organique insoluble (kérogène) des argiles du Toarcien du Bassin de Paris. Première partie: Etude par les procédés optique, analyse élémentaire, étude en microscopie et diffraction électroniques. Rev. Inst. Prang. du Pétrole 27: 865–884

    Google Scholar 

  • EINSELE, G., MOSEBACH, R. (1955): Zur Petrographie, Fossilerhaltung und Entstehung der Gesteine des Posidonienschiefers im Schwäbischen Jura. N.Jb.Geol.Paläont., Abh. 101: 319–430

    Google Scholar 

  • ESPITALIE, J., DURAND, B., ROUSSEL, J.-C., SOURON, C. (1973): Etude de la matière organique insoluble (kérogène) des argiles du Toarcien du Bassin de Paris. Deuxième partie: Etudes en spectroscopie infrarouge, en analyse thermique différentielle et en analyse thermogravimétrique. Rev. Inst. Franç. du Pétrole 28: 37–66

    Google Scholar 

  • FISCHER, W. (1961): Uber die Bildungsbedingungen der Posidonienschiefer in Süddeutschland. N.Jb.Geol.Paläont., Abh. 111: 326–340

    Google Scholar 

  • GAD, M.A., CATT, J.A., le RICHE, H.H. (1969): Geochemistry of the Whitbian (Upper Lias) sediments of the Yorkshire coast.Proc. Yorkshire Geol. Soc. 37: 105–139

    Google Scholar 

  • GAERTNER, H.R. v., KROEPELIN, H., Schmitz, H.-H., FESSER, H., MADLER, K.,HOFFMANN, H.J. & K. (1968): Zur Kenntnis des nordwestdeutschen Posidonienschiefers. Beih. geol. Jb. 58

    Google Scholar 

  • HALLAM, A. (1967): An environmental study of the Upper Domerian and Lower Toarcian in Great Britain. Phil. Trans. Roy. Soc. London, B 252: 393–445

    Google Scholar 

  • HAUFF, B. Sr. (1921): Untersuchung der Fossilfundstätten von Holzmaden im Posidonienschiefer des Oberen Lias Württembergs. Palaeontogr. 64: 1–42

    Google Scholar 

  • HEMLEBEN, Ch., ROSCHER. B., Grätzel, E., JAKOB, H., MÜHlen, D., ROSENAU, E. (1980): Stratigraphische, paläontologische und sedimentologische Ergebnisse. In: Untersuchungen zur Genese des Posidonienschiefers (Unter-Toarcium) in Südwest-Deutschland. Unpublished report, Inst. f. Geol. u. Paläont., Tübingen

    Google Scholar 

  • HOWARTH, M.K. (1962): The Jet Rock Series and the Alum Shale Series of the Yorkshire coast. Proc. Yorkshire Geol. Soc. 33: 381–422

    Google Scholar 

  • JORDAN, R. (1974): Salz-und Erdöl/Erdgas-Austritt als Fazies bestimmende Faktoren im Mesozoikum Nordwest-Deutschlands. Geol. Jb. A 13

    Google Scholar 

  • KAUFFMAN, E.G. (1978): Benthic environments and paleoecology of the Posidonienschiefer (Toarcian). N.Jb.Geol.Paläont., Abh. 157: 18–36

    Google Scholar 

  • KUSPERT, W. (1977); Sauerstoff-und Kohlenstoff- I_sotopenverhältnisse von Karbonaten aus Lias delta bis Dogger alpha Südwestdeutschlands. Unpublished Diplomarbeit, Inst. f. Geol. u. Paläont., Tübingen

    Google Scholar 

  • KUSPERT, W. (1981): Faziestypen des Posidonienschiefers (Toarcium, Süddeutschland). Eine isotopengeologische, organisch-chemische und petrographische Studie. Dissertation, Tübingen

    Google Scholar 

  • POMPECKJ, J.F. (1901): Die Regenstauf. Geognost. Jb.

    Google Scholar 

  • QUENSTEDT, F.A. (1858): Der Roscher, B. (1981): Dissert

    Google Scholar 

  • TEICHMULLER, M., Ottenjann, einem Erdölmuttergestein. Jura-Ablagerungen zwischen Regensburg und 14: 139–220

    Google Scholar 

  • JURA. H. Laupp, Tübingen ation, Tübingen (in preparation)

    Google Scholar 

  • K. (1977): Liptinite und lipoide Stoffe in Erdöl u. Kohle 30: 387–398

    Google Scholar 

  • TISSOT, B., CALIFET-DEBYSER, Y., DEROO, G.; OUDIN, J.L. (1971): Origin and evolution of hydrocarbons in Early Toarcien shales. Amer. Assoc. Petrol. Geol. Bull. 55: 2177–2193

    Google Scholar 

  • TISSOT, B., DURAND, B., ESPITALID, J., COMBAZ, A. (1974): Influence of nature and diagenesis of organic matter in formation of petroleum. Amer. Assoc. Petrol. Geol. Bull. 58: 499–506

    Google Scholar 

  • VEIZER, J., HOLSER, W.T., WILGUS, Ch.K. (1930): Correlation of 13C/12C and34-S/32-S secular variations. Geochim. Cosmochim. Acta 44: 579–587

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • WILLE, W. (1980): Zur Palynologie des Lias epsilon. In: Untersuchungen zur Genese des Posidonienschiefers (Unter-Toarcian) in Südwest-Deutschland. Unpublished report, Inst. f. Geol. u. Paläont., Tübin-gen.

    Google Scholar 

Download references

Authors
  1. W. Küspert
    View author publications

    You can also search for this author in PubMed Google Scholar

Editor information

Editors and Affiliations

  1. Institut für Geologie und Paläontologie, Universität Tübingen, Sigwartstraße 10, D-7400, Tübingen, Germany

    Gerhard Einsele  & Adolf Seilacher  & 

Rights and permissions

Reprints and permissions

Copyright information

© 1982 Springer

About this paper

Cite this paper

Küspert, W. (1982). Environmental Changes During Oil Shale Deposition as Deduced from Stable Isotope Ratios. In: Einsele, G., Seilacher, A. (eds) Cyclic and Event Stratification. Springer, Berlin, Heidelberg. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-642-75829-4_36

Download citation

  • DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-642-75829-4_36

  • Publisher Name: Springer, Berlin, Heidelberg

  • Print ISBN: 978-3-540-11373-7

  • Online ISBN: 978-3-642-75829-4

  • eBook Packages: Springer Book Archive

Publish with us

Policies and ethics

Search

Navigation