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Electron Microscopy of Plant Pathogens pp 277–290Cite as

Haustoria-Like Structures and Hydrophobic Cell Wall Surface Layers in Lichens

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Abstract

The polyphyletic, taxonomically very heterogenous group of lichen-forming fungi comprises about 21% of all fungi (±13 250 spp. or 46% of all ascomycetes, ±50spp./0.3% of basidiomycetes, and ±200spp./1.2% of imperfect fungi [20]). Lichen-forming fungi are nutritionally specialized, but otherwise normal representatives of their subclasses, and there are no reasons for separating them taxonomically from nonlichenized taxa. In only about 2% of lichens has the photobiont ever been determined at the species level [52], and very little is known about the range of compatible photobionts of individual lichen mycobionts. A large number of lichen-forming fungi seem to be moderately specific (several algal species of a genus are acceptable partners), but highly selective towards their photobionts (compatible photobionts are often very rare in natural ecosystems, and the most common taxa of free-living algae are not acceptable partners [16]). Unicellular and filamentous Charophyceae, Chlorophyceae and Ulvophyceae [34, 48] and/or nitrogen-fixing cyanobacteria (altogether about 100 spp.) have been identified as lichen photobionts [52]. The lichen symbiosis is not inheritable, but numerous taxa disperse very efficiently by means of vegetative symbiotic propagules.

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Author information

Authors and Affiliations

  1. Institute of Plant Biology, University of Zürich, Zollikerstr. 107, CH-8008, Zürich, Switzerland

    Rosmarie Honegger

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  1. Rosmarie Honegger
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Editors and Affiliations

  1. Fakultät für Biologie, Lehrstuhl Phytopathologie, Universität Konstanz, D-7750, Konstanz, Germany

    Kurt Mendgen

  2. Biologische Bundesanstalt für Land- und Forstwirtschaft, Institut für Viruskrankheiten der Planzen, Messeweg 11/12, D-3300, Braunschweig, Germany

    Dietrich-Eckhardt Lesemann

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© 1991 Springer-Verlag Berlin Heidelberg

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Honegger, R. (1991). Haustoria-Like Structures and Hydrophobic Cell Wall Surface Layers in Lichens. In: Mendgen, K., Lesemann, DE. (eds) Electron Microscopy of Plant Pathogens. Springer, Berlin, Heidelberg. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-642-75818-8_21

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  • DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-642-75818-8_21

  • Publisher Name: Springer, Berlin, Heidelberg

  • Print ISBN: 978-3-642-75820-1

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