Skip to main content

The Surveillance of Birth Defects in South America: II. The Search for Geographic Clusters: Endemics

  • Chapter
Advances in Mutagenesis Research

Part of the book series: Advances in Mutagenesis Research ((MUTAGENESIS,volume 2))

Abstract

Unusual frequency distributions of diseases involve a given diagnosis, within a given place, in a given time. However, this time-space constraint is frequently better defined for only one of these two variables. Time clusters are known as epidemics, and space clusters as endemics. Since time-space clusters are also known as epidemics, time seems to be the leading defining characteristic, probably due to the fact that the conceptual frame of epidemiology is based on infectious (communicable) diseases.

ECLAMC: Latin-American Collaborative Study of Congenital Malformations. WHO/PAHO Collaborating Centre for the Prevention of Congenital Malformations.

This is a preview of subscription content, log in via an institution to check access.

Access this chapter

Chapter
USD 29.95
Price excludes VAT (USA)
  • Available as PDF
  • Read on any device
  • Instant download
  • Own it forever
eBook
USD 84.99
Price excludes VAT (USA)
  • Available as PDF
  • Read on any device
  • Instant download
  • Own it forever
Softcover Book
USD 109.99
Price excludes VAT (USA)
  • Compact, lightweight edition
  • Dispatched in 3 to 5 business days
  • Free shipping worldwide - see info

Tax calculation will be finalised at checkout

Purchases are for personal use only

Institutional subscriptions

Preview

Unable to display preview. Download preview PDF.

Unable to display preview. Download preview PDF.

References

  • Arias S (1976) Etiologia multiple del enanismo entre los indios Yukpa (Yrapa) de la sierra de Perija llamados “pigmoides”. Bol Indigena Venezol 17: 49–70

    Google Scholar 

  • Arias S (1980) Genetic heterogeneity in the Waardenburg syndrome. Birth Defects Original Article Ser 7: 87–101

    Google Scholar 

  • Bonne-Tamir B (1980) The Samaritans: an ancient living isolate. In: Population Structure and Genetic Disorders 27–41 Ed A W Erikkson. Academic Press, New York

    Google Scholar 

  • Castilla EE, Adams JP (1990) Migration and genetic structure in an isolated population in Argentina: Aicuna. In: Adams JP (ed) Convergent questions in genetics and demography. Oxford Univ Press, Oxford

    Google Scholar 

  • Castilla EE, Orioli IM (1986) Prevalence rates of microtia in South America. Int J Epidemiol 15: 364–368

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Castilla EE, Paz JE, Mutchinick OM, Munoz EN, Giorgiutti E, Gelman Z (1973) Polydactyly: a genetic study in South America. Am J Hum Genet 25: 405–412

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Castilla EE, Paz JE, Orioli-Parreiras IM (1980) Syndactyly: frequency of specific types. Am J Med Genet 5: 357–364

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Castilla E, Czeizel A, Kallen B et al. (1986) Methodology for birth defects monitoring. Birth Defects Original Article Ser 22 (5): 1–43

    Google Scholar 

  • CBDMP Progress Report (1987) July 1,1985—June 30,1987. California Birth Defects Monitoring Program. Berkeley

    Google Scholar 

  • Freire-Maia A (1981) Historical note: The extraordinary handless and footless families of Brazil — 50 years of acheiropodia. Am J Med Genet 9: 31–41

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Freire-Maia N, Laynes-de-Andrade F, Atayde-Neto A et al. (1978) Genetic investigations in a northern Brazilian island: II-Random drift. Hum Hered 28: 401–410

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Galvez S, Masters C, Gadjusek DC (1980) Descriptive epidemiology of Creutzfeldt-Jakob disease in Chile. Arch Neurol 37: 11–14

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Grether JK, Harris JA, Hexter AC, Jackson RJ (1988) Investigating clusters of birth defects: guidelines for a systematic approach. California Birth Defects Monitoring Program. Berkeley

    Google Scholar 

  • Hill HD (1977) Two cases of Ellis-van Creveld syndrome in a small island population. J Med Genet 14: 33–36

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Hostetler H (1974) Hutterite society. Johns Hopkins Univ Press, Baltimore

    Google Scholar 

  • Israel H, Johnston GF, Fierro-Benitez R (1983) Craniofacial malformation among endemic cretins in Ecuador. J Craniofac Genet Dev Biol 3: 3–10

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Kolata G (1983) Huntington’s disease gene located. Science 222: 913–915

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Kremer RD, Levstain IM (1980) Enfermedad de Sandhoff o gangliosidosis GM2 Tipo-2. Medicina 40: 55–73

    Google Scholar 

  • Martinez-Frias ML, Sanchez-Cascos A (1974) Sindrome de Ellis-van Creveld. Rev Clin Esp 133: 311–318

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • McKusick VA (1978) Medical genetic studies of the Amish. Johns Hopkins Univ Press, Baltimore McKusick VA (1988) Mendelian inheritance in man, 9th Edn. Johns Hopkins Univ Press, Baltimore

    Google Scholar 

  • Monteleone-Neto R, Castilla EE, Paz JE (1981) Hypospadias: an epidemiological study in Latin America. Am J Med Genet 10: 5–19

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Oliveira-da Silva E, Janovitz D, Albuquerque SC (1980) Ellis-van Creveld syndrome: report of 15 cases in an inbred kindred. J Med Genet 17: 349–356

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Prunes L, Hevia H, Alarcon R (1953) Hiperqueratosis cronica regional de Pisagua. Rev med Chile 81: 408–412

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Purriel P, Drets M, Pascale E et al. (1970) Familial hereditary nephropathy ( Alport’s syndrome ). Am J Med 49: 753–773

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Quelce-Salgado A (1964) A new type of dwarfism with various bone aplasias and hypoplasias of the extremities. Acta Genet 14: 63–66

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Reginato A, Hollander JL, Martinez V et al. (1975) Familial chondrocalcinosis in Chiloe Islands, Chile. Ann Rheum Dis 34: 260–268

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Reyes H, Gonzalez MC, Ribalta J et al. (1978) Prevalence of intrahepatic cholestasis in Chile. Ann Int Med 88: 487–493

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Roberts DF (1980) Genetic structure and the pathology of an isolated population. In: Erikkson AW (ed) Population structure and genetic disorders. Academic Press, New York, pp 7–25

    Google Scholar 

  • Rosin MP, German J (1985) Evidence for chromosome instability in vivo in Bloom syndrome: increased number of micronuclei in exfoliated cells. Hum Genet 71: 187–191

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Rosin MP, Ochs HD (1986) In vivo chromosomal instability on ataxia telangiectasia homozygotes and heterozygotes. Hum Genet 74: 335–340

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Shine I (1965) The influences of environment and inbreeding on disease in the island of Santa Helena. Thesis, Oxford University

    Google Scholar 

  • Sod R (1989) Estudio Clinicoepidemiologico del Sindrome de Ellis-van Creveld. Doct Thesis, Buenos Aires Univ, School of Medicine, Buenos Aires

    Google Scholar 

  • Thompson EA (1990) From history to genes; from genes to history. In: Adams JP (ed) Convergent questions in genetics and demography. Oxford Univ Press, Oxford

    Google Scholar 

Download references

Author information

Authors and Affiliations

Authors

Editor information

Editors and Affiliations

Rights and permissions

Reprints and permissions

Copyright information

© 1990 Springer-Verlag Berlin Heidelberg

About this chapter

Cite this chapter

Castilla, E.E., Sod, R. (1990). The Surveillance of Birth Defects in South America: II. The Search for Geographic Clusters: Endemics. In: Obe, G. (eds) Advances in Mutagenesis Research. Advances in Mutagenesis Research, vol 2. Springer, Berlin, Heidelberg. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-642-75599-6_7

Download citation

  • DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-642-75599-6_7

  • Publisher Name: Springer, Berlin, Heidelberg

  • Print ISBN: 978-3-642-75601-6

  • Online ISBN: 978-3-642-75599-6

  • eBook Packages: Springer Book Archive

Publish with us

Policies and ethics