Skip to main content

Steroid Hormone Receptors

  • Chapter
Cell Receptors

Part of the book series: Current Topics in Pathology ((CT PATHOLOGY,volume 83))

Abstract

The steroid hormones comprise a large and important family of cell regulators. These include sex hormones (estrogens, progestins, androgens), adrenal cortical hormones (glucocorticoids, mineralocorticoids), vitamin D, and insect hormones (ecdysteroids). As discussed in Sect. 3.1, these agents combine with intracellular receptor proteins, converting them to functional transcription factors, which then bind in the genome to influence the expression of specific genes. Thus, receptors for steroid hormones, as well as for thyroid hormones and retinoic acid, differ from the receptors described in previous chapters, which are located in the plasma membrane and utilize a signal transduction process (second messenger) to deliver the regulatory signal within the responsive cell.

This is a preview of subscription content, log in via an institution to check access.

Access this chapter

Chapter
USD 29.95
Price excludes VAT (USA)
  • Available as PDF
  • Read on any device
  • Instant download
  • Own it forever
eBook
USD 39.99
Price excludes VAT (USA)
  • Available as PDF
  • Read on any device
  • Instant download
  • Own it forever
Softcover Book
USD 54.99
Price excludes VAT (USA)
  • Compact, lightweight edition
  • Dispatched in 3 to 5 business days
  • Free shipping worldwide - see info

Tax calculation will be finalised at checkout

Purchases are for personal use only

Institutional subscriptions

Preview

Unable to display preview. Download preview PDF.

Unable to display preview. Download preview PDF.

References

  • Aakvaag A, Tveter KJ, Unhjem O, Attramadal A (1972) Receptors and binding of androgens in the prostate. J Steroid Biochem 3:375–384

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Alberti KGMM, Sharp GWG (1969) Macromolecular binding of aldosterone in the toad bladder. Biochim Biophys Acta 192:335–346

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Anderson JN, Peck EJ Jr, Clark JH (1975) Estrogen-induced uterine responses and growth: relationship to receptor estrogen binding by uterine nuclei. Endocrinology 96:160–167

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Anderson KM, Liao S (1968) Selective retention of dihydrotestosterone by prostatic nuclei. Nature 219:277–279

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Antakly T, Eisen H J (1984) Immunocytochemical localization of glucocorticoid receptor in target cells. Endocrinology 115:1984–1989

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Antakly T, Thompson EB, O’Donnell D (1989) Demonstration of intracellular localization and up-regulation of glucocorticoid receptor by in situ hybridization and immunocytochemistry. Cancer Res 49:2230s–2234s

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Antakly T, O’Donnell D, Thompson EB (1990) Immunocytochemical localization of the glucocorticoid receptor in steroid-sensitive and -resistant human leukemic cells. Cancer Res 50:1337–1345

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Arbogast LY, DeSombre ER (1975) Estrogen-dependent in vitro stimulation of RNA synthesis in hormone-dependent mammary tumors of the rat. J Natl Cancer Inst 54:483–485

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Arriza JL, Weinberger C, Cerelli G, Glaser TM, Handelin BL, Housman DE, Evans RM (1987) Cloning of human mineralocorticoid receptor complementary DNA: structural and functional kinship with the glucocorticoid receptor. Science 237:268–275

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Atger M, Milgrom E (1976) Chromatographic separation on phosphocellulose of activated and nonactivated forms of steroid-receptor complex. Purification of the activated complex. Biochemistry 15:4298–4304

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Atger M, Milgrom E (1978) Interaction of glucocorticoid-receptor complexes with rat liver nuclei. Biochim Biophys Acta 539:41–53

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Auricchio F (1989) Phosphorylation of steroid receptors. J Steroid Biochem 32:613–622

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Auricchio F, Migliaccio A (1980) In vitro inactivation of oestrogen receptor by nuclei. FEBS Lett 117:224–226

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Auricchio F, Migliaccio A, Rotondi A (1981a) Inactivation of oestrogen receptor in vitro by nuclear dephosphorylation. Biochem J 194:569–574

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Auricchio F, Migliaccio A, Castoria G, Lastoria S, Schiavone E (1981b) ATP-dependent enzyme activating hormone binding of estradiol receptor. Biochem Biophys Res Commun 101:1171–1178

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Auricchio F, Migliaccio A, Castoria G, Lastoria S, Rotondi A (1982) Evidence that in vivo estradiol receptor translocated into nuclei is dephosphorylated and released into cytoplasm. Biochem Biophys Res Commun 106:149–157

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Auricchio F, Migliaccio A, Castoria G, Rotondi A, Di Domenico M, Pagano M, Nola E (1987a) Phosphorylation on tyrosine of oestradiol-17β receptor in uterus and interaction of oestradiol-17β and glucocorticoid receptors with antiphosphotyrosine antibodies. J Steroid Biochem 27:245–253

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Auricchio F, Migliaccio A, Di Domenico M, Nola E (1987b) Oestradiol stimulates tyrosine phosphorylation and hormone binding activity of its own receptor in a cell-free system. EMBO J 6:2923–2929

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Ausiello DA, Sharp GWG (1968) Localization of physiological receptor sites for aldosterone in the bladder of the toad, Bufo marinus. Endocrinology 82:1163–1169

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Bagchi MK, Elliston JF, Tsai SY, Edwards DP, Tsai M-J, O’Malley BW (1988) Steroid hormone-dependent interaction of human progesterone receptor with its target enhancer element. Mol Endocrinol 2:1221–1229

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Bailly A, Sallas N, Milgrom E (1977) A low molecular weight inhibitor of steroid receptor activation. J Biol Chem 252:858–863

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Bailly A, Le Fevre B, Savouret J-F, Milgrom E (1980) Activation and changes in sedimentation properties of steroid receptors. J Biol Chem 255:2729–2734

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Bailly A, Le Page C, Rauch M, Milgrom E (1986) Sequence-specific DNA binding of the progesterone receptor to the uteroglobin gene: effects of hormone, antihormone and receptor phosphorylation. EMBO J 5:3235–3241

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Baker AR, McDonnell DP, Hughes M et al. (1988) Cloning and expression of full length cDNA encoding human vitamin D receptor. Proc Natl Acad Sci USA 85:3294–3298

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Ballard PL, Ballard RA (1972) Glucocorticoid receptors and the role of glucocorticoids in fetal lung development. Proc Natl Acad Sci USA 69:2668–2672

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Bardin CW, Catterall JF (1981) Testosterone: a major determinant of extragenital sexual dimorphism. Science 211:1285–1294

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Barsony J, Pike JW, DeLuca HF, Marx SJ (1990) Immunocytology with microwave fixed fibroblasts shows 1α,25-dihydroxyvitamin D3 dependent rapid and estrogen dependent slow reorganization of vitamin D receptors. J Cell Biol (in press)

    Google Scholar 

  • Baulieu E-E, Jung I (1970) A prostatic cytosol receptor. Biochem Biophys Res Commun 38:599–606

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Baulieu E-E, Binart N, Cadepond F et al. (1989) Do receptor-associated nuclear proteins explain earliest steps of steroid hormone function? In: Carlstedt-Duke J, Eriksson H, Gustafsson J-Å (eds) The steroid/thyroid hormone receptor family and gene regulation. Birkhäuser, Basel, pp 301–318

    Google Scholar 

  • Baxter JD, Tomkins GM (1970) The relationship between glucocorticoid binding and tyrosine aminotransferase induction in hepatoma tissue culture cells. Proc Natl Acad Sci USA 65:709–715

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Baxter JD, Tomkins GM (1971) Specific cytoplasmic glucocorticoid hormone receptors in hepatoma tissue culture cells. Proc Natl Acad Sci USA 68:932–937

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Baxter JD, Harris AW, Tomkins GM, Cohn M (1971) Glucocorticoid receptors in lymphoma cells in culture: relationship to glucocorticoid killing activity. Science 171:189–191

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Baxter JD, Rousseau GG, Benson MC, Garcea RL, Ito J, Tomkins GM (1972) Role of DNA and specific cytoplasmic receptors in glucocorticoid action. Proc Natl Acad Sci USA 69:1892–1896

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Beato M (1989) Gene regulation by steroid hormones. Cell 56:335–344

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Beato M, Feigelson P (1972) Glucocorticoid-binding proteins of rat liver cytosol I. Separation and identification of the binding proteins. J Biol Chem 247:7890–7896

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Beato M, Biesewig D, Braendle W, Sekeris CE (1969) On the mechanism of hormone action XV. Subcellular distribution and binding of [l,2-3H]cortisol in rat liver. Biochim Biophys Acta 192:494–507

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Beato M, Braendle W, Biesewig D, Sekeris CE (1970) On the mechanism of hormone action XVI. Transfer of [1,2-3H2]cortisol from the cytoplasm to the nucleus of rat liver cells. Biochim Biophys Acta 208:125–136

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Beato M, Schmid W, Sekeris CE (1972a) Two cortisol-binding proteins from rat liver cytosol. Biochim Biophys Acta 263:764–774

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Beato M, Kalimi M, Feigelson P (1972b) Correlation between glucocorticoid binding to specific liver cytosol receptors and enzyme induction in vivo. Biochem Biophys Res Commun 47:1464–1472

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Beato M, Kalimi M, Konstam M, Feigelson P (1973) Interaction of glucocorticoids with rat liver nuclei. II. Studies on the nature of the cytosol transfer factor and the nuclear acceptor site. Biochemistry 12:3372–3379

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Beaumont K, Fanestil DD (1983) Characterization of rat brain aldosterone receptors reveals high affinity for corticosterone. Endocrinology 113:2043–2051

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Becker PB, Gloss B, Schmid W, Strähle U, Schütz G (1986) In vivo protein-DNA interactions in a glucocorticoid response element require the presence of the hormone. Nature 324:686–688

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Beckers C, Maróy P, Dennis R, O’Connor JD, Emmerich H (1980) The uptake and release of ponasterone A by the Kc cell line of Drosophila melanogaster. Mol Cell Endocrinol 17:51–59

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Bell PA, Munck A (1973) Steroid-binding properties and stabilization of cytoplasmic glucocorticoid receptors from rat thymus cells. Biochem J 136:97–107

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Bellamy D, Phillips JG, Jones IC, Leonard RA (1962) The uptake of Cortisol by rat tissues. Biochem J 85:537–545

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Berg JM (1989) DNA binding specificity of steroid receptors. Cell 57:1065–1068

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Berger U, Wilson P, McClelland RA, Colston K, Haussler MR, Pike JW, Coombes RC (1987) Immunocytochemical detection of 1,25-dihydroxyvitamin D3 receptor in breast cancer. Cancer Res 47:6793–6799

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Bernard PA, Joh TH (1984) Characterization and immunochemical demonstration of glucocorticoid receptor using antisera specific to transformed receptor. Arch Biochem Biophys 229:466–476

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Berthois Y, Pourreau-Schneider N, Gandilhon P, Mittre H, Tubiana N, Martin PM (1986) Estradiol membrane binding sites on human breast cancer cell lines. Use of a fluorescent estradiol conjugate to demonstrate plasma membrane binding systems. J Steroid Biochem 25:963–972

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Beyer C, Larsson K, Pérez-Palacios G, Morali G (1973) Androgen structure and male sexual behavior in the castrated rat. Horm Behav 4:99–108

    CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Birnbaumer M, Hinrichs-Rosello MV, Cook RG, Schrader WT, O’Malley BW (1987) Chemical and antigenic properties of pure 108000 molecular weight chick progesterone receptor. Mol Endocrinol 1:249–259

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Blaquier JA, Cameo MS, Charreau EH (1970) Comparative uptake of androstenediol, testosterone and dihydrotestosterone by tissues of the male rat. J Steroid Biochem 1:327–334

    CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Bodine PV, Litwack G (1988) Evidence that the modulator of the glucocorticoid-receptor complex is the endogenous molybdate factor. Proc Natl Acad Sci USA 85:1462–1466

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Borgna J-L, Fauque J, Rochefort H (1984) A monoclonal antibody to the estrogen receptor discriminates between the nonactivated and activated estrogen- and anti-estrogen-receptor complexes. Biochemistry 23:2162–2168

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Brachet J, Ficq A (1965) Binding sites of 14C-actinomycin in amphibian ovocytes and an autoradiography technique for the detection of cytoplasmic DNA. Exp. Cell Res 38:153–159

    CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Bradlow HL, Dobriner K, Gallagher TF (1954) The fate of cortisone-T in mice. Endocrinology 54:343–352

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Bresnick EH, Dalman FC, Sanchez ER, Pratt WB (1989) Evidence that the 90-kDa heat shock protein is necessary for the steroid-binding conformation of the L cell glucocorticoid receptor. J Biol Chem 264:4992–4997

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Brown M, Bollum FJ, Chang LMS (1981) Intracellular localization of DNA polymerase a. Proc Natl Acad Sci USA 78:3049–3052

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Bruchovsky N, Wilson JD (1968) The intranuclear binding of testosterone and 5α-androstan-17β-ol-3-one by rat prostate. J Biol Chem 243:5953–5960

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Brumbaugh PF, Haussler MR (1973) Nuclear and cytoplasmic receptors for 1,25-dihydroxychole-calciferol in intestinal mucosa. Biochem Biophys Res Commun 51:74–80

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Brumbaugh PF, Haussler MR (1974a) 1α,25-Dihydroxycholecalciferol receptors in intestine. I. Association of 1α,25-dihydroxycholecalciferol with intestinal mucosa chromatin. J Biol Chem 249:1251–1257

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Brumbaugh PF, Haussler MR (1974b) 1α,25-Dihydroxycholecalciferol receptors in intestine. II. Temperature-dependent transfer of the hormone to chromatin via a specific cytosol receptor. J Biol Chem 249:1258–1262

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Brumbaugh PF, Haussler MR (1975) Specific binding of 1α,25-dihydroxycholecalciferol to nuclear components of chick intestine. J Biol Chem 250:1588–1594

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Brumbaugh PF, Hughes MR, Haussler MR (1975) Cytoplasmic and nuclear binding components for 1α,25-dihydroxyvitamin D3 in chick parathyroid glands. Proc Natl Acad Sci 72:4871–4875

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Brunkhorst WK (1969) Intracellular binding of corticosterone in thymus tissue. Biochem Biophys Res Commun 35:880–886

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Buller RE, Toft DO, Schrader WT, O’Malley BW (1975) Progesterone-binding components of chick oviduct. VIII. Receptor activation and hormone dependent-binding to purified nuclei. J Biol Chem 250:801–808

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Buller RE, Schwartz RJ, Schrader WT, O’Malley BW (1976) Progesterone-binding components of chick oviduct. In vitro effect of receptor subunits on gene transcription. J Biol Chem 251:5178–5186

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Butenandt A, Günther H, Turba F (1960) Zur primären Stoffwechselwirkung des Testosterons. Hoppe-Seylers Z Physiol Chem 322:28–37

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Cake MH, Goidl JA, Parchman LG, Litwack G (1976) Involvement of a low molecular weight component(s) in the mechanism of action of the glucocorticoid receptor. Biochem Biophys Res Commun 71:45–52

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Cake MH, DiSorbo DM, Litwack G (1978) Effect of pyridoxal phosphate on the DNA binding site of activated hepatic glucocorticoid receptor. J Biol Chem 253:4886–4891

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Carlstedt-Duke J, Okret S, Wrange Ö, Gustafsson J-Å (1982) Immunochemical analysis of the glucocorticoid receptor: identification of a third domain separate from the steroid-binding and DNA-binding domains. Proc Natl Acad Sci USA 79:4260–4264

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Catelli MG, Binart N, Jung-Testas I, Renoir JM, Baulieu E-E, Feramisco JR, Welch WJ (1985) The common 90-kD protein component of non-transformed ‘8S’ steroid receptors is a heat shock protein. EMBO J 4:3131–3135

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Cayanis E, Rajagopalan R, Cleveland WL, Edelman IS, Erlanger BF (1986) Generation of an auto-anti-idiotypic antibody that binds to glucocorticoid receptor. J Biol Chem 261:5094–5103

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Chandler JS, Pike JW, Haussler MR (1979) 1,25-dihydroxyvitamin D3 receptors in rat kidney cytosol. Biochem Biophys Res Commun 90:1057–1063

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Chang C, Kokontis J, Liao S (1988) Molecular cloning of human and rat complementary DNA encoding androgen receptors. Science 240:324–326

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Chang C, Chodak G, Sarac E, Takeda H, Liao S (1989a) Prostate androgen receptor: Immunohistological localization and mRNA characterization. J Steroid Biochem 34:311–313

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Chang C, Whelan CT, Popovich TC, Kokontis J, Liao S (1989b) Fusion proteins containing androgen receptor sequences and their use in the production of poly- and monoclonal anti-androgen receptor antibodies. Endocrinology 123:1097–1099

    Google Scholar 

  • Chen TC, DeLuca HF (1973) Receptors of 1,25-dihydroxycholecalciferol in rat intestine. J Biol Chem 248:4890–4895

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Chen TL, Hirst MA, Feldman D (1979) A receptor-like binding macromolecule for 1α,25-dihydroxycholecalciferol in cultured mouse bone cells. J Biol Chem 254:7491–7494

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Christakos S, Norman AW (1979) Studies on the mode of action of calciferol. XVIII. Evidence for a specific high affinity binding protein for 1,25-dihydroxyvitamin D3 in chick kidney and pancreas. Biochem Biophys Res Commun 89:56–63

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Chytil F, Toft D (1972) Corticoid binding component in rat brain. J Neurochem 19:2877–2880

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Clark CR (1984) The cellular distribution of steroid hormone receptors: Have we got it right? Trends Biochem Sci 9:207–208

    Google Scholar 

  • Clark JH, Hardin JW, Upchurch S, Eriksson H (1978) Heterogeneity of estrogen binding sites in the cytosol of the rat uterus. J Biol Chem 253:7630–7634

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Clark JH, Markaverich B, Upchurch S, Eriksson H, Hardin JW, Peck EJ Jr (1980) Heterogeneity of estrogen binding sites: relationship to estrogen receptors and estrogen responses. Recent Prog Horm Res 36:89–134

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Clarke CL, Zaino RJ, Feil PD, Miller JV, Steck ME, Ohlsson-Wilhelm BM, Satyaswaroop PG (1987) Monoclonal antibodies to human progesterone receptor: characterization by biochemical and immunohistochemical techniques. Endocrinology 121:1123–1132

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Clemens TL, Garrett KP, Zhou X-Y, Pike JW, Haussler MR, Dempster DW (1988) Immunocyto-chemical localization of the 1,25-dihydroxyvitamin D3 receptor in target cells. Endocrinology 122:1224–1230

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Clever U, Karlson P (1960) Induktion von Puff-Veränderungen in den Speicheldrüsenchromosomen von Chironomus tentans durch Ecdyson. Exp Cell Res 20:623–626

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Coffer AI, King RJB, Brockas AJ (1980) Antibodies to human myometrial oestrogen receptor. Biochem Int 1:126–132

    CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Colston K, Feldman D (1980) Nuclear translocation of the 1,25-dihydroxycholecalciferol receptor in mouse kidney. J Biol Chem 255:7510–7513

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Colston KW, Feldman D (1979) Demonstration of a 1,25-dihydroxycholecalciferol cytoplasmic receptor-like binder in mouse kidney. J Clin Endocrinol Metab 49:798–800

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Conneely OM, Sullivan WP, Toft DO et al. (1986) Molecular cloning of the chicken progesterone receptor. Science 233:767–770

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Conneely OM, Dobson ADW, Tsai M-J et al. (1987a) Sequence and expression of a functional chicken progesterone receptor. Mol Endocrinol 1:517–525

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Conneely OM, Maxwell BL, Toft DO, Schrader WT, O’Malley BW (1987b) The A and B forms of the chicken progesterone receptor arise by alternate initiation of translation of a unique mRNA. Biochem Biophys Res Commun 149:493–501

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Conneely OM, Kettleberger DM, Tsai M-J, Schrader WT, O’Malley BW (1989) The chicken progesterone A and B isoforms are products of an alternate translation initiation event. J Biol Chem 264:14062–14064

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Coty WA (1980) Reversible dissociation of steroid hormone-receptor complexes by mercurial reagents. J Biol Chem 255:8035–8037

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Coty WA, Schrader WT, O’Malley BW (1979) Purification and characterization of the chick oviduct progesterone receptor A subunit. J Steroid Biochem 10:1–12

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Crabbé J (1961) Stimulation of active sodium transport by the isolated toad bladder with aldosterone in vitro. J Clin Invest 40:2103–2110

    PubMed  Google Scholar 

  • Dahmer MK, Housley PR, Pratt WB (1984) Effects of molybdate and endogenous inhibitors on steroid-receptor inactivation, transformation and translocation. Annu Rev Physiol 46:67–81

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Dame MC, Pierce E A, DeLuca HF (1985) Identification of the porcine intestinal 1,25-dihydroxy vitamin D3 receptor on sodium dodecyl sulfate/polyacrylamide gels by renaturation and immunoblotting. Proc Natl Acad Sci USA 82:7825–7829

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Danielsen M, Northrop JP, Ringold GM (1986) The mouse glucocorticoid receptor: mapping of functional domains by cloning, sequencing and expression of wild-type and mutant receptor proteins. EMBO J 5:2513–1522

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Danielsen M, Northrop JP, Jonklaas J, Ringold GM (1987) Domains of the glucocorticoid receptor involved in specific and nonspecific deoxyribonucleic acid binding, hormone activation, and transcriptional enhancement. Mol Endocrinol 1:816–822

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Danielsen M, Hinck L, Ringold GM (1989) Two amino acids within the knuckle of the first zinc finger specify DNA response element activation by the glucocorticoid receptor. Cell 57:1131–1138

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Davies IJ, Ryan KJ (1972) The uptake of progesterone by the uterus of the pregnant rat in vivo and its relationship to cytoplasmic progesterone-binding protein. Endocrinology 90:507–515

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • de Kloet ER, Wallach G, McEwen BS (1975) Differences in corticosterone and dexamethasone binding to rat brain and pituitary. Endocrinology 96:598–609

    PubMed  Google Scholar 

  • Demura T, Kuzumaki N, Oda A, Fujita H, Ishibashi T, Koyanagi T (1989) Establishment and characterization of monoclonal antibody against androgen receptor. J Steroid Biochem 33:845–851

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Denis M, Gustafsson J-Å (1989) The Mr = 90000 heat shock protein: an important modulator of ligand and DNA-binding properties of the glucocorticoid receptor. Cancer Res 49:2275s–2281s

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Denis M, Wikström A-C, Gustafsson J-Å (1987) The molybdate-stabilized non-activated glucocorticoid receptor contains a dimer of Mr = 90000 non-hormone-binding protein. J Biol Chem 262:11803–1806

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Denton RR, Notides AC (1989) The nuclear form of the estrogen receptor is dephosphorylated. Abstracts 71st Meeting the Endocrine Society Seattle, p 159

    Google Scholar 

  • DeSombre ER, Chabaud JP, Puca GA, Jensen EV (1971) Purification and properties of an estrogen-binding protein from calf uterus. J Steroid Biochem 2:95–103

    CAS  Google Scholar 

  • DeSombre ER, Mohla S, Jensen EV (1972) Estrogen-independent activation of the receptor protein of calf uterine cytosol. Biochem Biophys Res Commun 48:1601–1608

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • DeSombre ER, Carbone PP, Jensen EV, McGuire WL, Wells SA Jr, Wittliff JL, Lipsett MB (1979) Steroid receptors in breast cancer. N Engl J Med 301:1011–1012

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • De Venuto F, Kelleher PC, Westphal U (1962) Interactions between corticosteroids and fractions of rat liver and muscle cells as determined by “equilibrium fractionation” and equilibrium dialysis. Biochim Biophys Acta 63:434–452

    Google Scholar 

  • Dicker PD, Tsai SY, Weigel NL Tsai M-J, Schrader WT, O’Malley BW (1984) Monoclonal antibody to the hen oviduct progesterone receptor produced following in vitro immunization. J Steroid Biochem 20:43–50

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Dobson ADW, Conneely OM, Beattie W et al. (1989) Mutational analysis of the chicken progesterone receptor. J Biol Chem 264:4207–4211

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Dougherty JJ, Puri RK, Toft DO (1982) Phosphorylation in vivo of chicken oviduct progesterone receptor. J Biol Chem 257:14226–14230

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Dougherty JJ, Puri RK, Toft DO (1984) Polypeptide components of two 8 S forms of chicken oviduct progesterone receptor. J Biol Chem 259:8004–8009

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Dubé JY, Tremblay RR (1974) Androgen binding proteins in cock’s tissues: properties of ear lobe protein and determination of binding sites in head appendages and other tissues. Endocrinology 95:1105–1112

    PubMed  Google Scholar 

  • Edelman IS (1975) Mechanism of action of steroid hormones. J Steroid Biochem 6:147–159

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Edelman IS, Bogoroch R, Porter GA (1963) On the mechanism of action of aldosterone on sodium transport: the role of protein synthesis. Proc Natl Acad Sci USA 50:1169–1177

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Eisen H J (1980) An antiserum to the rat liver glucocorticoid receptor. Proc Natl Acad Sci USA 77:3893–3897

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Ennis BW, Stumpf WE, Gasc J-M, Baulieu E-E (1986) Nuclear localization of progesterone receptor before and after exposure to progestin at low and high temperatures: autoradiographic and immunohistochemical studies of chick ovidcut. Endocrinology 119:2066–2075

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Erdos T (1968) Properties of a uterine oestradiol receptor. Biochem Biophys Res Commun 37:338–343

    Google Scholar 

  • Estes PA, Suba EJ, Lawler-Heavner J et al. (1987) Immunologic analysis of human breast cancer progesterone receptors. 1. Immunoaffmity purification of transformed receptors and production of monoclonal antibodies. Biochemistry 26:6250–6262

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Eul J, Meyer ME, Tora L, Bocquel MT, Quirin-Stricker C, Chambon P, Gronemeyer H (1989) Expression of active hormone and DNA-binding domains of the chicken progesterone receptor in E. coli. EMBO J 8:83–90

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Evans RM (1988) The steroid and thyroid hormone receptor superfamily. Science 240:889–895

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Evans RM (1989) Molecular characterization of the glucocorticoid receptor. Recent Prog Horm Res 45:1–27

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Evans RM, Hollenberg SM (1988) Zinc fingers: gilt by association. Cell 52.1–3

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Falk RJ, Bardin CW (1970) Uptake of tritiated progesterone by the uterus of the overiectomized guinea pig. Endocrinology 86:1059–1063

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Fanestil DD (1968) Mode of spirolactone action: competitive inhibition of aldosterone binding to kidney mineralocorticoid receptors. Biochem Pharmacol 17:2240–2242

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Fanestil DD, Edelman IS (1966) Characteristics of the renal nuclear receptors for aldosterone. Proc Natl Acad Sci USA 56:872–879

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Fang S, Liao S (1971) Androgen receptors. Steroid and tissue-specific retention of a 17β-hydroxy-5α-androstan-3-one-protein complex by the cell nuclei of ventral prostate. J Biol Chem 246:16–24

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Fang S, Anderson KM, Liao S (1969) Receptor proteins for androgens. On the role of specific proteins in selective retention of 17β-hydroxy-5α-androstan-3-one by rat ventral prostate in vivo and in vitro. J Biol Chem 244:6584–6595

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Farman N, Bonvalet JP (1983) Aldosterone binding in isolated tubules III. Autoradiography along the rat nephron. Am J Physiol 245F:606–614

    Google Scholar 

  • Fauque J, Borgna J-L, Rochefort H (1985) A monoclonal antibody to the estrogen receptor inhibits in vitro criteria of receptor activation by an estrogen and an anti-estrogen. J Biol Chem 260:15547–15553

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Fauque J, Scali J, Cavaillés V, Borgna J-L (1989) Mapping on the calf estrogen receptor of the binding domain for an antibody interfering with receptor activation. J Steroid Biochem 32:769–780

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Feil PD (1983) Characterization of guinea pig anti-progestin receptor antiserum. Endocrinology 112:396–398

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Feldman D, Funder JW, Edelman IS (1973) Evidence for a new class of corticosterone receptors in the rat kidney. Endocrinology 92:1429–1441

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Feldman D, McCain TA, Hirst MA, Chen TL, Colston KW (1979) Characterization of a cytoplasmic receptor-like binder for 1α,25-dihydroxycholecalciferol in rat intestinal mucosa. J Biol Chem 254:10378–10384

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Fleischmann G, Beato M (1979) Activation of the progesterone receptor of rabbit uterus. Mol Cell Endocrinol 16:181–197

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Fleming H, Blumenthal R, Gurpide E (1982) Effects of cyclic nucleotides on estradiol binding in human endometrium. Endocrinology 111:1671–1677

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Fleming H, Blumenthal R, Gurpide E (1983) Rapid changes in specific estrogen binding elicited by cGMP or cAMP in cytosol from human endometrial cells. Proc Natl Acad Sci USA 80:2486–2490

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Forte LR (1972) Effect of mineralocorticoid agonists and antagonists on binding of 3H-aldosterone to adrenalectomized rat kidney plasma membranes. Life Sci 11(I):461–473

    CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Fraser DR, Kodicek E (1970) Unique biosynthesis by kidney of a biologically active vitamin D metabolite. Nature 228:764–766

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Freedman LP, Luisi BF, Korzun ZR, Basavappa R, Sigler PB, Yamamoto KR (1988) The function and structure of the metal coordination sites within the glucocorticoid receptor DNA binding domain. Nature 334:543–546

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Funder JW, Sheppard K (1987) Adrenocortical steroids and the brain. Annu Rev Physiol 49:397–411

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Funder JW, Feldman D, Edelman IS (1972) Specific aldosterone binding in rat kidney and parotid. J Steroid Biochem 3:209–218

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Funder JW, Feldman D, Edelman IS (1973a) The roles of plasma binding and receptor specificity in the mineralocorticoid action of aldosterone. Endocrinology 92:994–1004

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Funder JW, Feldman D, Edelman IS (1973b) Glucocorticoid receptors in rat kidney: the binding of tritiated-dexamethasone. Endocrinology 92:1005–1013

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Fuxe K, Wikström A-C, Okret S et al. (1985) Mapping of glucocorticoid receptor immunoreactive neurons in the rat tel- and diencephalon using a monoclonal antibody against rat liver glucocorticoid receptor. Endocrinology 117:1803–1812

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Fuxe K, Cintra A, Agnati LF et al. (1987) Studies on the cellular localization and distribution of glucocorticoid receptor and estrogen receptor immunoreactivity in the central nervous system of the rat and their relationship to the monoaminergic and peptidergic neurons of the brain. J Steroid Biochem 27:159–170

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Gametchu B, Harrison RW (1984) Characterization of a monoclonal antibody to the rat liver glucocorticoid receptor. Endocrinology 114:274–279

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Garcia T, Tuohimaa P, Mester J, Buchou T, Renoir J-M, Baulieu E-E (1983) Protein kinase activity of purified components of the chicken oviduct progesterone receptor. Biochem Biophys Res Commun 113:960–966

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Garcia T, Buchou T, Renoir J-M, Mester J, Baulieu E-E (1986a) A protein kinase copurified with chick oviduct progesterone receptor. Biochemistry 25:7937–7942

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Garcia T, Jung-Testas I, Baulieu E-E (1986b) Tightly bound nuclear progesterone receptor is not phosphorylated in primary chick oviduct cultures. Proc Natl Acad Sci USA 83:7573–7577

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Garcia T, Buchou T, Jung-Testas I, Renoir J-M, Baulieu E-E (1987) Chick oviduct progesterone receptor phosphorylation: characterization of a copurified kinase and phosphorylation in primary cultures. J Steroid Biochem 27:227–234

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Gardner DG, Wittliff JL (1973) Characterization of a distinct glucocorticoid-binding protein in the lactating mammary gland of the rat. Biochim Biophys Acta 320:617–627

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Gasc J-M, Baulieu E-E (1987) From the structure of steroid receptors to their assessment by immunocytochemistry in target cells. J Steroid Biochem 27:177–184

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Gasc J-M, Ennis BW, Baulieu E-E, Stumpf WE (1983) Récepteur de la progestérone dans l’oviducte de poulet: Double révélation par immunohistochimie avec des anticorps antirécepteur et par autoradiographie à l’aide d’un progestagène tritié. C R Acad Sci [D] (Paris) 297:477–482

    CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Gasc J-M, Renoir JM, Radanyi C, Joab I, Tuohimaa P, Baulieu E-E (1984) Progesterone receptor in the chick oviduct: an immunohistochemical study with antibodies to distinct receptor components. J Cell Biol 99:1193–1201

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Gaulton GN, Greene MI (1986) Idiotypic mimicry of biological receptors. Annu Rev Immunol 4:253–280

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Geller J, van Damme O, Garabieta G, Loh A, Rettura J, Seifter E (1969) Effect of cyproterone acetate on 3H-testosterone uptake and enzyme synthesis by the ventral prostate of the rat. Endocrinology 84:1330–1335

    CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Giannopoulos G (1973) Glucocorticoid receptors in lung. I. Specific binding of glucocorticoids to cytoplasmic components of rabbit fetal lung. J Biol Chem 248:3876–3883

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Giannopoulos G, Mulay S, Solomon S (1972) Cortisol receptors in rabbit fetal lung. Biochem Biophys Res Commun 47:411–418

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Giannopoulos G, Mulay S, Solomon S (1973) Glucocorticoid receptors in lung. II. Specific binding of glucocorticoids to nuclear components of rabbit fetal lung. J Biol Chem 248:5016–5023

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Glascock RF, Hoekstra WG (1959) Selective accumulation of tritium-labelled hexoestrol by the reproductive organs of immature female goats and sheep. Biochem J 72:673–682

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Godeau JF, Schorderet-Slatkine S, Hubert P, Baulieu E-E (1978) Induction of maturation in Xenopus laevis oocytes by a steroid linked to a polymer. Proc Natl Acad Sci USA 75:2353–2357

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Godowski PJ, Picard D (1989) Steroid receptors. How to be both a receptor and a transcription factor. Biochem Pharmacol 38:3135–3143

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Godowski PJ, Rusconi S, Miesfeld R, Yamamoto KR (1987) Glucocorticoid receptor mutants that are constitutive activators of transcriptional enhancement. Nature 325:365–368

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Goidl JA, Cake MH, Dolan KP, Parchman LG, Litwack G (1977) Activation of the rat liver glucocorticoid-receptor complex. Biochemistry 16:2125–2130

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Gopalakrishnan TV, Sadgopal A (1972) Partial purification of cortisol-binding protein from rat liver cytosol and its role in transcription. Biochim Biophys Acta 287:164–186

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Gorski J, Raker B (1974) Estrogen action in the uterus: the requisite for sustained estrogen binding in the nucleus. Gynecol Oncol 2:249–258

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Gorski J, Hansen JC (1987) The “one and only” step model of estrogen action. Steroids 49:461–475

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Gorski J, Toft D, Shyamala G, Smith D, Notides A (1968) Hormone receptors: studies on the interaction of estrogen with the uterus. Recent Prog Horm Res 24:45–80

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Gorski J, Welshons W, Sakai D (1984) Remodeling the estrogen receptor model. Mol Cell Endocrinol 36:11–15

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Gorski J, Welshons WV, Sakai D et al. (1986) Evolution of a model of estrogen action. Recent Prog Horm Res 42:297–329

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Govindan MV (1979) Purification of glucocorticoid receptors from rat liver cytosol. Preparation of antibodies against the major receptor proteins and application of immunological techniques to study activation and translocation. J Steroid Biochem 11:323–332

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Govindan MV (1980) Immunofluorescence microscopy of the intracellular translocation of glucocorticoid-receptor complexes in rat hepatoma (HTC) cells. Exp Cell Res 127:293–297

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Govindan MV, Sekeris C (1978) Purification of two dexamethasone-binding proteins from rat liver cytosol. Eur J Biochem 89:95–104

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Govindan MV, Gronemeyer H (1984) Characterization of the rat liver glucocorticoid receptor purified by DNA-cellulose and ligand affinity chromatography. J Biol Chem 259:12915–12924

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Govindan MV, Devic M, Green S, Gronemeyer H, Chambon P (1985) Cloning of the human glucocorticoid receptor cDNA. Nucleic Acids Res 13:8293–8304

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Grandies P, Gasser DL, Litwack G (1982) Monoclonal antibodies to the glucocorticoid receptor. Endocrinology 111:1731–1733

    Google Scholar 

  • Grandies P, Miller A, Schmidt TJ, Litwack G (1984) Phosphorylation in vivo of rat hepatic glucocorticoid receptor. Biochem Biophys Res Commun 120:59–65

    Google Scholar 

  • Gravanis A, Gurpide E (1986) Enucleation of human endometrial cells: nucleo-cytoplasmic distribution of DNA polymerase a and estrogen receptor. J Steroid Biochem. 24:469–474

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Green R, Luttge WG, Whalen RE (1970) Uptake of tritiated testosterone in brain and peripheral tissues of normal and neonatally androgenized female rats. J Comp Physiol Psych 72:337–340

    CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Green S, Chambon P (1986) A superfamily of potentially oncogenic hormone receptors. Nature 324:615–617

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Green S, Chambon P (1987) Oestradiol induction of a glucocorticoid-responsive gene by a chimaeric receptor. Nature 325:75–78

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Green S, Chambon P (1988) Nuclear receptors enhance our understanding of transcription regulation. Trends Genet 4:309–314

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Green S, Walter P, Kumar V, Krust A, Bornert J-M, Argos P, Chambon P (1986) Human oestrogen receptor cDNA: sequence, expression and homology to v-erb-A. Nature 320:134–139

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Green S, Kumar V, Theulaz I, Wahli W, Chambon P (1988) The N-terminal DNA-binding ‘zinc finger’ of the oestrogen and glucocorticoid receptors determines target gene specificity. EMBO J 7:3037–3044

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Greene GL, Jensen EV (1982) Monoclonal antibodies as probes for estrogen receptor detection and characterization. J Steroid Biochem 16:353–359

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Greene GL, Closs LE, Fleming H, DeSombre ER, Jensen EV (1977) Antibodies to estrogen receptor: immunochemical similarity of estrophilin from various mammalian species. Proc Natl Acad Sci USA 74:3681–3685

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Greene GL, Closs LE, DeSombre ER, Jensen EV (1979) Antibodies to estrophilin: comparison between rabbit and goat antisera. J Steroid Biochem 11:333–341

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Greene GL, Fitch FW, Jensen EV (1980a) Monoclonal antibodies to estrophilin: probes for the study of estrogen receptors. Proc Natl Acad Sci USA 77:157–161

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Greene GL, Nolan C, Engler JP, Jensen EV (1980b) Monoclonal antibodies to human estrogen receptor. Proc Natl Acad Sci USA 77:5115–5119

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Greene GL, Sobel NB, King WJ, Jensen EV (1984) Immunochemical studies of estrogen receptors. J Steroid Biochem 20:51–56

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Greene GL, Gilna P, Waterfield M, Baker A, Hort Y, Shine J (1986) Sequence and expression of human estrogen receptor complementary DNA. Science 231:1150–1154

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Greene GL, Harris K, Bova R, Kinders R, Moore B, Nolan C (1988) Purification of T47D human progesterone receptor and immunochemical characterization with monoclonal antibodies. Mol Endocrinol 2:714–726

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Greer DS (1959) The distribution of radioactivity in non-excretory organs of the male rat after injection of testosterone-4-C14. Endocrinology 64:898–906

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Grody WW, Compton JG, Schrader WT, O’Malley BW (1980) Inactivation of chick oviduct progesterone receptors. J Steroid Biochem 12:115–120

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Grody WW, Schrader WT, O’Malley BW (1982) Activation, transformation, and subunit structure of steroid hormone receptors. Endocrine Rev 3:141–163

    CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Gronemeyer H, Pongs O (1980) Localization of ecdysterone on polytene chromosomes of Drosophila melanogaster. Proc Natl Acad Sci USA 77:2108–2112

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Gronemeyer H, Govindan MV, Chambon P (1985) Immunological similarity between the chick oviduct progesterone receptor forms A and B. J Biol Chem 260:6916–6925

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Gronemeyer H, Turcotte B, Quirin-Stricker C et al. (1987) The chicken progesterone receptor: sequence, expression and functional analysis. EMBO J 6:3985–3994

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Gschwendt M, Hamilton TH (1972) The transformation of the cytoplasmic oestradiol-receptor complex into the nuclear complex in a uterine cell-free system. Biochem J 128:611–616

    CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Guiochon-Mantel A, Loosfelt H, Lescop P, Sar S, Atger M, Perrot-Applanat M, Milgrom E (1989) Mechanisms of nuclear localization of the progesterone receptor: evidence for interaction between monomers. Cell 57:1147–1154

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Gustafsson J-Å, Carlstedt-Duke J, Poellinger L et al. (1987) Biochemistry, molecular biology, and physiology of the glucocorticoid receptor. Endocrine Rev 8:185–234

    CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Hackney JF, Pratt WB (1971) Characterization and partial purification of the specific glucocorticoid-binding component from mouse fibroblasts. Biochemistry 10:3002–3008

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Hackney JF, Gross SR, Aronow L, Pratt WB (1970) Specific glucocorticoid-binding macro-molecules from mouse fibroblasts growing in vitro. Mol Pharmacol 6:500–512

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Haddad JG, Hahn TJ, Birge SF (1973) Vitamin D metabolites specific binding by rat intestinal cytosol. Biochem Biophys Acta 329:93–97

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Ham J, Parker MG (1989) Regulation of gene expression by nuclear hormone receptors. Current Opinion Cell Biol 1:503–511

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Hansson V, Tveter KJ (1971) Uptake and binding in vivo of 3H labelled androgen in the rat epididymis and ductus deferens. Acta Endocrinol 66:745–755

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Harding BW, Samuels LT (1962) The uptake and subcellular distribution of C14-labeled steroid in rat ventral prostate following in vivo administration of testosterone-4-C14. Endocrinology 70:109–118

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Harmon JM, Eisen HJ, Brower ST, Simons SS Jr, Langley CL, Thompson EB (1984) Identification of human leukemic glucocorticoid receptors using affinity labeling and anti-human glucocorticoid receptor antibodies. Cancer Res 44:4540–4547

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Haukkamaa M (1987) Membrane-associated steroid hormone receptors. In: Clark CR (ed) Steroid hormone receptors: their intracellular localisation. Ellis Horwood, Chichester, pp 155–169

    Google Scholar 

  • Haussler MR (1986) Vitamin D receptors: nature and function. Annu Rev Nutr 6:527–562

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Haussler MR, Norman AW (1969) Chromosomal receptor for a vitamin D metabolite. Proc Natl Acad Sci USA 62:155–162

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Haussler MR, Myrtle JF, Norman AW (1968) The association of a metabolite of vitamin D3 with intestinal mucosa chromatin in vivo. J Biol Chem 243:4055–4064

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Haussler MR, Boyce DW, Littledike ET, Rasmussen H (1971) A rapidly acting metabolite of vitamin D3. Proc Natl Acad Sci USA 68:177–181

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Haussler MR, Pike JW, Chandler JS, Manolagas SC, Deftos LJ (1981) Molecular action of 1,25-dihydroxyvitamin D3: new cultured cell models. Ann NY Acad Sci 372:502–517

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Haussler MR, Mangelsdorf DJ, Komm BS et al. (1988) Molecular biology of the vitamin D hormone. Recent Prog Horm Res 44:263–305

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Henry HL, Norman AW (1975) Studies on the mechanism of action of calciferol. VII. Localization of 1,25-dihydroxy-vitamin D3 in chick parathyroid glands. Biochem Biophys Res Commun 62:781–788

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Herman TS, Fimognari GM, Edelman IS (1968) Studies on renal aldosterone-binding proteins. J Biol Chem 243:3849–3856

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Higgins SJ, Rousseau GG, Baxter JD, Tomkins GM (1973a) Nuclear binding of steroid receptors: comparison in intact cells and cell-free systems. Proc Natl Acad Sci USA 70:3415–3418

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Higgins SJ, Rousseau GG, Baxter JD, Tomkins GM (1973b) Early events in glucocorticoid action. Activation of the steroid receptor and its subsequent specific nuclear binding studied in a cell-free system. J Biol Chem 248:5866–5872

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Hollander N, Chiu YW (1966) In vitro binding of cortisol-1,2-3H by a substance in the supernatant fraction of P1798 mouse lymphosarcoma. Biochem Biophys Res Commun 25:291–297

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Hollenberg SM, Evans RM (1988) Multiple and cooperative trans-activation domains of the human glucocorticoid receptor. Cell 55:899–906

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Hollenberg SM, Weinberger C, Ong ES, Cerelli G, Oro A, Lebo R, Thompson EB, Rosenfeld MG, Evans RM (1985) Primary structure and expression of a functional human glucocorticoid receptor cDNA. Nature 318:635–641

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Hollenberg SM, Giguere V, Segui P, Evans RM (1987) Colocalization of DNA-binding and transcriptional activation functions in the human glucocorticoid receptor. Cell 49:39–46

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Horiuchi M, Isohashi F, Terada M, Okamoto K, Sakamoto Y (1981) Interaction of ATP with a macromolecular translocation inhibitor of the nuclear binding of “activated” receptor-glucocorticoid complex. Biochem Biophys Res Commun 98:88–94

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Horsting M, DeLuca HF (1969) In vitro production of 25-hydroxycholecalciferol. Biochem Biophys Res Commun 36:251–256

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Housley PR, Pratt WB (1983) Direct demonstration of glucocorticoid receptor phosphorylation by intact L-cells. J Biol Chem 258:4630–4635

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Housley PR, Sanchez ER, Westphal HM, Beato M, Pratt WB (1985) The molybdate-stabilized L-cell glucocorticoid receptor isolated by affinity chromatography or with a monoclonal antibody is associated with a 90–92-kDa nonsteroid-binding phosphoprotein. J Biol Chem 260:13810–13817

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Hsueh AJW, Peck EJ Jr, Clark JH (1974) Receptor progesterone complex in the nuclear fraction of the rat uterus: demonstration by 3H-progesterone exchange. Steroids 24:599–611

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Hubbard JA, Barrett AJ, Kalimi M (1984) Tosyl-lysyl chloromethane alters glucocorticoid-receptor complex nuclear binding and physical properties. Endocrinology 115:65–72

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Hughes MR, Haussler MR (1978) 1,25-Dihydroxyvitamin D3 receptors in parathyroid glands. Preliminary characterization of cytoplasmic and nuclear binding components. J Biol Chem 253:1065–1073

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Hunt T (1989) Cytoplasmic anchoring proteins and the control of nuclear localization. Cell 59:949–951

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Ireland RC, Berger E, Sirotkin K, Yund MA, Osterbur D, Fristrom J (1982) Ecdysone induces the transcription of four heat-shock genes in Drosophila S3 cells and imaginai discs. Dev Biol 93:498–507

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Ishii DN, Aronow L (1973) In vitro degradation and stabilization of the glucocorticoid binding component from mouse fibroblasts. J Steroid Biochem 4:593–603

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Ishii DN, Pratt WB, Aronow L (1972) Steady-state level of the specific glucocorticoid binding component in mouse fibroblasts. Biochemistry 11:3896–3904

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Ishikawa K, Hanaoka Y, Kondo Y, Imai K (1977) Primary action of steroid hormone at the surface of amphibian oocyte in the induction of germinal vesicle breakdown. Mol Cell Endocrinol 9:91–100

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Isohashi F, Terada M, Tsukanaka K, Nakanishi Y, Sakamoto Y (1980) A low-molecular-weight translocation modulator and its interaction with a macromolecular translocation inhibitor of the activated receptor-glucocorticoid complex. J Biochem 88:775–781

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Jensen EV (1960) Studies of growth phenomena using tritium-labeled steroids. Proc 4th Internat Congr Biochem, Vienna 1958, vol 15, p 119

    Google Scholar 

  • Jensen EV (1977) Receptor proteins: past, present and future. In: Research on steroids, vol 7. Elsevier/North Holland Biomedical, Amsterdam, pp 1–36

    Google Scholar 

  • Jensen EV (1979) Interaction of steroid hormones with the nucleus. Pharmacol Rev 30:477–491

    Google Scholar 

  • Jensen EV (1990) Molecular mechanisms of steroid hormone action in the uterus. In: Carsten ME, Miller JD (eds) Uterine function. Plenum, New York, pp 315–359

    Google Scholar 

  • Jensen EV, DeSombre ER (1972) Mechanism of action of the female sex hormones. Annu Rev Biochem 41:203–230

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Jensen EV, DeSombre ER (1973) Estrogen-receptor interaction. Estrogenic hormones effect transformation of specific receptor proteins to a biochemically functional form. Science 182:126–134

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Jensen EV, Jacobson HI (1960) Fate of steroid estrogens in target tissues. In: Pincus G, Vollmer EP (eds) Biological activities of steroids in relation to cancer. Academic, New York, pp 161–178

    Google Scholar 

  • Jensen EV, Jacobson HI (1962) Basic guides to the mechanism of estrogen action. Recent Prog HormRes 18:387–414

    CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Jensen EV, Jacobson HI, Flesher JW et al. (1966) Estrogen receptors in target tissues. In: Pincus G, Nakao T, Tait JF (eds) Steroid dynamics. Academic, New York, pp 133–157

    Google Scholar 

  • Jensen EV, DeSombre ER, Jungblut PW (1967a) Interaction of estrogens with receptor sites in vivo and in vitro. Proc 2nd Internat Congr Hormonal Steroids, Milan 1966. Excerpta Medica Foundation, Amsterdam, pp 492–500

    Google Scholar 

  • Jensen EV, DeSombre ER, Hurst DJ, Kawashima T, Jungblut PW (1967b) Estrogen-receptor interactions in target tissues. Arch Anat Microsc Morphol Exp 56 [Suppl]:547–569

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Jensen EV, Hurst DJ, DeSombre ER, Jungblut PW (1967c) Sulfhydryl groups and estradiol-receptor interaction. Science 158:385–387

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Jensen EV, Suzuki T, Kawashima T, Stumpf WE, Jungblut PW, DeSombre ER (1968) A two-step mechanism for the interaction of estradiol with rat uterus. Proc Natl Acad Sci USA 59:632–638

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Jensen EV, Numata M, Smith S, Suzuki T, Brecher PI, DeSombre ER (1969) Estrogen-receptor interaction in target tissues. Dev Biol 3 [Suppl]:151–171

    Google Scholar 

  • Jensen EV, Numata M, Brecher PI, DeSombre ER (1971) Hormone-receptor interaction as a guide to biochemical mechanism Biochem Soc Symp 32:133–159

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Jensen EV, Jacobson HI, Smith S, Jungblut PW, DeSombre ER (1972a) The use of estrogen antagonists in hormone receptor studies. Gynecol Invest 3:108–122

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Jensen EV, Mohla S, Gorell T, Tanaka S, DeSombre ER (1972b) Estrophile to nucleophile in two easy steps. J Steroid Biochem 3:445–458

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Jerne NK (1974) Towards a network theory of the immune system. Ann Immunol 125C:373–389

    CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Joab I, Radanyi C, Renoir M et al. (1984) Common non-hormone binding component in non-transformed chick oviduct receptors of four steroid hormones. Nature 308:850–853

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Jones PG, Haussler MR (1979) Scintillation autoradiographic localization of 1,25-dihydroxyvitamin D3 in chick intestine. Endocrinology 104:313–321

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Jung I, Baulieu E-E (1972) Testosterone cytosol “receptor” in the rat levator ani muscle. Nature New Biol 237:24–26

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Kalimi M, Banerji A (1981) Role of sulfhydryl modifying reagents in the binding and activation of chick oviduct progesterone-receptor complex. J Steroid Biochem 14:593–597

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Kalimi M, Love K (1980) Role of chemical reagents in the activation of rat hepatic glucocorticoid-receptor complex. J Biol Chem 255:4687–4690

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Kalimi M, Beato M, Feigelson P (1973) Interaction of glucocorticoids with rat liver nuclei. Role of the cytosol proteins. Biochemistry 12:3365–3371

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Kalimi M, Colman P, Feigelson P (1975) The “activated” hepatic glucocorticoid-receptor complex. Its generation and properties. J Biol Chem 250:1080–1086

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Karlson P (1963) New concepts on the mode of action of hormones. Perspect Biol Med 6:203–214

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Kenney FT, Flora RM (1961) Induction of tyrosine-α-ketoglutarate transaminase in rat liver. I. Hormonal nature. J Biol Chem 236:2699–2702

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • King RJB, Gordon J, Inman DR (1965) The intracellular localization of oestrogen in rat tissues. J Endocrinol 32:9–15

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • King RJB, Gordon J, Cowan DM, Inman DR (1966) The intranuclear localization of [6,7-3H]-oestradiol-17β in dimethylbenzanthracene-induced rat mammary adenocarcinoma and other tissues. J Endocrinol 36:139–150

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • King WJ, Greene GL (1984) Monoclonal antibodies localize oestrogen receptor in the nuclei of target cells. Nature 307:745–747

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • King WJ, DeSombre ER, Jensen EV, Greene GL (1985) Comparison of immunocytochemical and steroid-binding assays for estrogen receptor in human breast tumors. Cancer Res 45:293–304

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Kirkpatrick AF, Milholland RJ, Rosen F (1971) Stereospecific glucocorticoid binding to subcellular fractions of the sensitive and resistant lymphosarcoma P1798. Nature New Biol 232:216–218

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Kirkpatrick AF, Kaiser N, Milholland RJ, Rosen F (1972) Glucocorticoid-binding macromolecules in normal tissues and tumors. Stabilization of the specific binding component. J Biol Chem 247:70–74

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Klein-Hitpass L, Ryffel GU, Heitlinger E, Cato ACB (1988) A 13 bp palindrome is a functional estrogen responsive element and reacts specifically with estrogen receptor. Nucleic Acids Res 16:647–663

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Klein-Hitpass L, Tsai SY, Weigel NL et al. (1990) The progesterone receptor stimulates cell-free transcription by enhancing the formation of a stable preinitiation complex. Cell 60:247–257

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Klock G, Strähle U, Schütz G (1987) Oestrogen and glucocorticoid responsive elements are closely related but distinct. Nature 329:734–736

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Klug A, Rhodes D (1987) ‘Zinc fingers’: a novel protein motif for nucleic acid recognition. Trends Biochem Sci 12:464–469

    CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Koblinsky M, Beato M, Kalimi M, Feigelson P (1972) Glucocorticoid-binding proteins of rat liver cytosol. II. Physical characterization and properties of the binding proteins. J Biol Chem 247:7897–7904

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Korenman SG, Rao BR (1968) Reversible disaggregation of the cytosol estrogen binding protein of uterine cytosol. Proc Natl Acad Sci USA 61:1028–1033

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Kovačič- Milivojević B, Vedeckis WV (1986) Absence of detectable ribonucleic acid in the purified, untransformed mouse glucocorticoid receptor. Biochemistry 25:8266–8273

    PubMed  Google Scholar 

  • Kowarski A, Shalf J, Migeon CJ (1969) Concentration of testosterone and dihydrotestosterone in subcellular fractions of liver, kidney, prostate, and muscle in the male dog. J Biol Chem 244:5269–5272

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Kream BE, Reynolds RD, Knutson JC, Eisman JA, DeLuca HF (1976) Intestinal cytosol binders of 1,25-dihydroxyvitamin D3 and 25-hydroxyvitamin D3. Arch Biochem Biophys 176:779–787

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Kream BE, Jose M, Yamada S, DeLuca HF (1977a) A specific high-affinity binding macromolecule for 1,25-dihydroxyvitamin D3 in fetal bone. Science 197:1086–1088

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Kream BE, Yamada S, Schnoes HK, DeLuca HF (1977b) Specific cytosol-binding protein for 1,25-dihydroxyvitamin D3 in rat intestine. J Biol Chem 252:4501–4505

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Krozowski ZS, Funder JW (1983) Renal mineralocorticoid receptors and hippocampal corticosterone-binding species have identical intrinsic steroid specificity. Proc Natl Acad Sci USA 80:6056–6060

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Krozowski ZS, Rundle SE, Wallace C et al. (1989) Immunolocalization of renal mineralocorticoid receptors with an antiserum against a peptide deduced from the complementary deoxyribonucleic acid sequence. Endocrinology 125:192–198

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Krust A, Green S, Argos P, Kumar V, Walter P, Bornert J-M, Chambon P (1986) The chicken oestrogen receptor sequence: homology with v-erbA and the human oestrogen and glucocorticoid receptors. EMBO J 5:891–897

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Kumar V, Chambon P (1988) The estrogen receptor binds tightly to its responsive element as a ligand-induced homodimer. Cell 55:145–156

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Kumar V, Green S, Stack G, Berry M, Jin J-R, Chambon P (1987) Functional domains of the human estrogen receptor. Cell 51:941–951

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Kuppert PG, Spindler K-D (1982) Characterization of nuclear ecdysteroid receptor from crayfish integument. J Steroid Biochem 17:205–210

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Kuppert P, Wilhelm S, Spindler K-D (1978) Demonstration of cytoplasmic receptors for the molting hormones in crayfish. J Comp Physiol 128:95–100

    CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Labate ME, Whelly SM, Barker KL (1986) Ribosome-associated estradiol-binding components in the uterus and their relationship to the translational capacity of uterine ribosomes. Endocrinology 119:140–151

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Lamb DJ, Kima PE, Bullock DW (1986) Evidence for a single steroid-binding protein in the rabbit progesterone receptor. Biochemistry 25:6319–6324

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Lannigan DA, Notides AC (1989) Estrogen receptor selectively binds the “coding strand” of an estrogen responsive element. Proc Natl Acad Sci USA 86:863–867

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Lawrence AM, Landau RL (1965) Impaired ventral prostate affinity for testosterone in hypophysectomized rats. Endocrinology 77:1119–1125

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Lawson DEM, Wilson PW (1974) Intranuclear localization and receptor proteins for 1,25-dihy-droxycholecalciferol in chick intestine. Biochem J 144:573–583

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Lawson DEM, Wilson PW, Kodicek E (1969) New vitamin D metabolite localized in intestinal cell nuclei. Nature 222:171–172

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Leach KL, Dahmer MK, Hammond ND, Sando JJ, Pratt WB (1979) Molybdate inhibition of glucocorticoid receptor inactivation and transformation. J Biol Chem 254:11884–11890

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Leach KL, Grippo JF, Housley PR, Dahmer MK, Salive ME, Pratt WB (1982) Characteristics of an endogenous glucocorticoid receptor stabilizing factor. J Biol Chem 257:381–388

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Leavitt WW, Blaha GC (1972) An estrogen-stimulated, progesterone-binding system in the hamster uterus and vagina. Steroids 19:263–274

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Leclercq G, Hulin N, Heuson JC (1973) Interaction of activated estradiol-receptor complex and chromatin in isolated uterine nuclei. Eur J Cancer 9:681–685

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Lees JA, Fawell SE, Parker MG (1989) Identification of two transactivation domains in the mouse oestrogen receptor. Nucleic Acids Res 17:5477–5488

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Leroy F, Preumont AM, Galand P, Brächet J (1972) Increased chromatin acid lability and actinomycin-D binding in endometrial cells under the action of sex steroids. J Endocrinol 52:525–531

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Lessey BA, Gorell TA (1981) Nuclear progesterone receptors in the beagle uterus. J Steroid Biochem 14:585–591

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Lessey BA, Alexander PS, Horwitz KB (1983) The subunit structure of human breast cancer progesterone receptors: characterization by chromatography and photoaffinity labeling. Endocrinology 112:1267–1274

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Liang T, Tymoczko JL, Chan KMB, Hung SC, Liao S (1977) Androgen action: receptors and rapid responses. In: Martini L, Motta M (eds) Androgens and antiandrogens. Raven, New York, pp 77–89

    Google Scholar 

  • Liao S (1975) Cellular receptors and mechanisms of action of steroid hormones. Int Rev Cytol 41:87–172

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Liao S, Fang S (1969) Receptor proteins for androgens and the mode of action of androgens on gene transcription in ventral prostate. Vitam Horm 27:17–90

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Liao S, Hiipakka RA (1984) Mechanism of action of steroid hormones at the subcellular level. In: Makin HLJ (ed) Biochemistry of steroid hormones, 2nd edn. Blackwell Scientific, Oxford, pp 633–680

    Google Scholar 

  • Liao S, Witte D (1985) Autoimmune anti-androgen-receptor antibodies in human serum. Proc Natl Acad Sci USA 82:8345–8348

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Liao S, Howell DK, Chang T-M (1974) Action of a nonsteroidal antiandrogen, flutamide, on the receptor binding and nuclear retention of 5α-dihydrotestosterone in rat ventral prostate. Endocrinology 94:1205–1209

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Liao S, Tymoczko JL, Castaneda E, Liang T (1975) Androgen receptors and androgen-dependent initiation of protein synthesis in the prostate. Vitam Horm 33:297–317

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Liao S, Rossini GP, Hiipakka RA, Chen C (1980) Factors that can control the interaction of the androgen-receptor complex with the genomic structure in the rat prostate. In: Bresciani F (ed) Perspectives in steroid receptor research. Raven, New York, pp 99–112

    Google Scholar 

  • Little M, Szendro PI, Jungblut PW (1973) Hormone-mediated dimerization of microsomal estradiol receptor. Hoppe-Seylers Z Physiol Chem 354:1599–1610

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Little M, Szendro P, Teran C, Hughes A, Jungblut PW (1975) Biosynthesis and transformation of microsomal and cytosol estradiol receptors. J Steroid Biochem 6:493–500

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Litwack G, Sears ML, Diamondstone TI (1963) Intracellular distribution of tyrosine-α-ketoglutarate transaminase and 4-C14-hydrocortisone activities during induction. J Biol Chem 238:302–305

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Litwack G, Filler R, Rosenfield SA, Lichtash N, Wishman CA, Singer S (1973) Liver cytosol corticosteroid binder II, a hormone receptor. J Biol Chem 248:7481–7486

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Liu S-LH, Webb TE (1977) Elevated concentration of a dexamethasone-receptor translocation inhibitor in Novikoff hepatoma cells. Cancer Res 37:1763–1767

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Logeat F, Vu Hai MT, Milgrom E (1981) Antibodies to rabbit progesterone receptor: crossreaction with human receptor. Proc Natl Acad Sci USA 78:1426–1430

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Logeat F, Vu Hai MT, Fournier A, Legrain P, Buttin G, Milgrom E (1983) Monoclonal antibodies to rabbit progesterone receptor: crossreaction with other mammalian progesterone receptors. Proc Natl Acad Sci USA 80:6456–6459

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Logeat F, Pamphile P, Loosfelt H, Jolivet A, Fournier A, Milgrom E (1985a) One-step immunoaffinity purification of active progesterone receptor. Further evidence in favor of the existence of a single steroid-binding unit. Biochemistry 24:1029–1035

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Logeat F, Le Cunff M, Pamphile R, Milgrom E (1985b) The nuclear-bound form of the progesterone receptor is generated through a hormone-dependent phosphorylation. Biochem Biophys Res Commun 131:421–427

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Lombes M, Edelman IS, Erlanger BF (1989) Internal image properties of a monoclonal auto-anti-idiotypic antibody and its binding to aldosterone receptors. J Biol Chem 264:2528–2536

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Lombes M, Farman N, Oblin ME, Baulieu E-E, Bonvalet JP, Erlanger BF, Gase JM (1990) Immunohistochemical localization of renal mineralocorticoid receptor by using an anti-idiotypic antibody that is an internal image of aldosterone. Proc Natl Acad Sci USA 87:1086–1088

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Londerhausen M, Spindler K-D (1981) Characterization of cytoplasmic ecdysteroid receptors in the hypodermis of the crayfish Orconectes limosus. Mol Cell Endocrinol 24:253–265

    Google Scholar 

  • Londerhausen M, Kuppert P, Spindler K-D (1982) Ecdysteroid receptors: a comparison of cytoplasmic and nuclear receptors from crayfish hypodermis. Hoppe-Seylers Z Physiol Chem 363:797–802

    Google Scholar 

  • Loosfelt H, Logeat F, Vu Hai MT, Milgrom E (1984) The rabbit progesterone receptor. Evidence for a single steroid-binding subunit and characterization of receptor mRNA. J Biol Chem 259:14196–14202

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Loosfelt H, Atger M, Misrahi M et al. (1986) Cloning and sequence analysis of rabbit progesterone-receptor complementary DNA. Proc Natl Acad Sci USA 83:9045–9049

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Lorenzo F, Jolivet A, Loosfelt H, Vu Hai MT, Brailly S, Perrot-Applanat M, Milgrom E (1988) A rapid method of epitope mapping. Eur J Biochem 176:53–60

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Lubahn DB, Joseph DR, Sar M et al. (1988) The human androgen receptor: complementary ribonucleic acid cloning, sequence analysis and gene expression in prostate. Mol Endocrinol 2:1265–1275

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Mainwaring WIP (1969a) The binding of [1,2-3H]testosterone within nuclei of the rat prostate. J Endocrinol 44:323–333

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Mainwaring WIP (1969b) A soluble androgen receptor in the cytoplasm of rat prostate. J Endocrinol 45:531–541

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Mainwaring WIP, Peterken BM (1971) A reconstituted cell-free system for the specific transfer of steroid-receptor complexes into nuclear chromatin isolated from rat ventral prostate gland. Biochem J 125:285–295

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Mainwaring WIP, Mangan FR, Feherty PA, Freifeld M (1974) An investigation into the anti-androgenic properties of the non-steroidal compound, SCH 13521 (4′-nitro-3′-trifluoro-methylisobutyrylanilide). Mol Cell Endocrinol 1:113–128

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Mangan FR, Neal GE, Williams DC (1968) Subcellular distribution of testosterone in rat prostate and its possible relationship to nuclear ribonucleic acid synthesis. Arch Biochem Biophys 124:27–40

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Marchetti E, Querzoli P, Moncharmont B et al. (1987) Immunocytochemical demonstration of estrogen receptors by monoclonal antibodies in human breast cancer: correlation with estrogen receptor assay by dextran-coated charcoal method. Cancer Res 47:2508–2513

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Markovic RD, Litwack G (1980) Activation of liver and kidney glucocorticoid-receptor complexes occurs in vivo. Arch Biochem Biophys 202:374–379

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Maroy P, Dennis R, Beckers C, Sage BA, O’Connor JD (1978) Demonstration of an ecdysteroid receptor in a cultured cell line of Drosophila melanogaster. Proc Natl Acad Sci USA 75:6035–6038

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Martin PM, Sheridan PJ (1982) Towards a new model for the mechanism of action of steroids. J Steroid Biochem 16:215–229

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Marver D, Goodman D, Edelman IS (1972) Relationships between renal cytoplasmic and nuclear aldosterone-receptors. Kidney Int 1:210–223

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Marver D, Stewart J, Funder JW, Feldman D, Edelman IS (1974) Renal aldosterone receptors: studies with [3H]aldosterone and the anti-mineralocorticoid [3H]spirolactone (SC-26304). Proc Natl Acad Sci USA 71:1431–1435

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Maxwell BL, McDonnell DP, Conneely OM, Schultz TZ, Greene GL, O’Malley BW (1987) Structural organization and regulation of the chicken estrogen receptor. Mol Endocrinol 1:25–35

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • McClellan MC, West NB, Tacha DE, Greene GL, Brenner RM (1984) Immunocytochemical localization of estrogen receptors in the macaque reproductive tract with monoclonal anti-estrophilins. Endocrinology 114:2002–2014

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • McDonnell DP, Mangelsdorf DJ, Pike JW, Haussler MR, O’Malley BW (1987) Molecular cloning of complementary DNA encoding the avian receptor for vitamin D. Science 235:1214–1217

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • McEwen BS, Plapinger L (1970) Association of 3H corticosterone-1,2 with macromolecules extracted from brain cell nuclei. Nature 226:263–265

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • McEwen BS, Weiss JM, Schwartz LS (1968) Selective retention of corticosterone by limbic structures in rat brain. Nature 220:911–912

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • McEwen BS, Weiss JM, Schwarz LS (1969) Uptake of corticosterone by rat brain and its concentration by certain limbic structures. Brain Res 16:227–241

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • McEwen BS, Weiss JM, Schwartz LS (1970) Retention of corticosterone by cell nuclei from brain regions of adrenalectomized rats. Brain Res 17:471–482

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • McGuire JL, DeDella C (1971) In vitro evidence for a progestogen receptor in the rat and rabbit uterus. Endocrinology 88:1099–1103

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • McGuire WL (1978) Steroid receptors in human breast cancer. Cancer Res 38:4289–4291

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • McGuire WL, Huff K, Chamness GC (1972) Temperature-dependent binding of estrogen receptor to chromatin. Biochemistry 11:4562–4565

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Mellon WS, DeLuca HF (1980) A specific 1,25-dihydroxyvitamin D3 binding macromolecule in chicken bone. J Biol Chem 255:4081–4086

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Mellon WS, Franceschi RT, DeLuca HF (1980) An in vitro study of the stability of the chicken intestinal cytosol 1,25-dihydroxyvitamin D3-specific receptor. Arch Biochem Biophys 202:83–92

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Mendel DB, Bodwell JE, Gametchu B, Harrison RW, Munck A (1986a) Molybdate-stabilized nonactivated glucocorticoid-receptor complexes contain a 90-kDa non-steroid-binding phosphoprotein that is lost on activation. J Biol Chem 261:3758–3763

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Mendel DB, Bodwell JE, Munck A (1986b) Glucocorticoid receptors lacking hormone-binding activity are bound in nuclei of ATP-depleted cells. Nature 324:478–480

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Mendel DB, Bodwell JE, Munck A (1987) Activation of cytosolic glucocorticoid-receptor complexes in intact WEHI-7 cells does not dephosphorylate the steroid-binding protein. J Biol Chem 262:5644–5648

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Meschinchi S, Sanchez ER, Martell KJ, Pratt WB (1990) Elimination and reconstitution of the requirement for hormone in promoting temperature-dependent transformation of cytosolic glucocorticoid receptors to the DNA-binding state. J Biol Chem 265:4863–4870

    Google Scholar 

  • Meyer M-E, Gronemeyer H, Turcotte B, Bocquel M-T, Tasset D, Chambon P (1989) Steroid hormone receptors compete for factors that mediate their enhancer function. Cell 57:433–442

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Miesfeld R, Rusconi S, Godowski PJ et al. (1986) Genetic complementation of a glucocorticoid receptor deficiency by expression of cloned receptor cDNA. Cell 46:389–399

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Migliaccio A, Lastoria S, Moncharmont B, Rotondi A, Auricchio F (1982) Phosphorylation of calf uterus 17β-estradiol receptor by endogenous Ca2+-stimulated kinase activating the hormone binding of the receptor. Biochem Biophys Res Commun 109:1002–1010

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Migliaccio A, Rotondi A, Auricchio F (1984) Calmodulin-stimulated phosphorylation of 17β-estra-diol receptor on tyrosine. Proc Natl Acad Sci USA 81:5921–5925

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Migliaccio A, Rotondi A, Auricchio F (1986) Estradiol receptor: phosphorylation on tyrosine in uterus and interaction with anti-phosphotyrosine antibody. EMBO J 5:2867–2872

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Migliaccio A, Di Domenico M, Green S et al. (1989) Phosphorylation on tyrosine of in vitro synthesized human estrogen receptor activates its hormone binding. Mol Endocrinol 3:1061–1069

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Milgrom E (1981) Activation of steroid-receptor complexes. In: Litwack G (ed) Biochemical actions of hormones, vol 8. Academic, New York, pp 465–492

    Google Scholar 

  • Milgrom E, Atger M (1975) Receptor translocation inhibitor and apparent saturability of the nuclear acceptor. J Steroid Biochem 6:487–492

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Milgrom E, Bauilieu E-E (1970) Progesterone in uterus and plasma I. Binding in rat uterus 105000 g supernatant. Endocrinology 87:276–287

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Milgrom E, Atger M, Baulieu E-E (1970) Progesterone in uterus and plasma. IV — Progesterone receptor(s) in guinea pig uterus cytosol. Steroids 16:741–754

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Milgrom E, Atger M, Baulieu E-E (1973) Acidophilic activation of steroid hormone receptors. Biochemistry 12:5198–5205

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Miller MA, Mullick A, Greene GL, Katzenellenbogen BS (1985) Characterization of the subunit nature of nuclear estrogen receptors by chemical cross-linking and dense amino acid labeling. Endocrinology 117:515–522

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Miller-Diener A, Schmidt TJ, Litwack G (1985) Protein kinase activity associated with the purified rat hepatic glucocorticoid receptor. Proc Natl Acad Sci USA 82:4003–4007

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Misrahi M, Atger M, d’Auriol L et al. (1987) Complete amino acid sequence of the human progesterone receptor deduced from cloned cDNA. Biochem Biophys Res Commun 143:740–748

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Miyabe S, Harrison RW (1983) In vivo activation and nuclear binding of the AtT-20 mouse pituitary tumor cell glucocorticoid receptor. Endocrinology 112:2174–2180

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Mohla S, DeSombre ER, Jensen EV (1972) Tissue-specific simulation of RNA synthesis by transformed estradiol-receptor complex. Biochem Biophys Res Commun 46:661–667

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Moncharmont B, Parikh I (1983) Binding of monoclonal antibodies to the nuclear estrogen receptor in intact nuclei. Biochem Biophys Res Commun 114:107–112

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Moncharmont B, Su J-L, Parikh I (1982) Monoclonal antibodies against estrogen receptor: interaction with different molecular forms and functions of the receptor. Biochemistry 21:6916–6921

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Morel G, Dubois P, Benassayag C, Nunez E, Radanyi C, Redeuilh G, Richard-Foy H, Baulieu E-E (1981) Ultrastructural evidence of oestradiol receptor by immunochemistry. Exp. Cell Res 132:249–257

    CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Mueller GC (1965) Role of RNA and protein synthesis in estrogen action. In: Karlson P (ed) Mechanisms of hormone action. Academic, New York, pp 228–245

    Google Scholar 

  • Mueller GC, Herranen AM, Jervell KJ (1958) Studies on the mechanism of action of estrogens. Recent Prog Horm Res 14:95–129

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Mueller GC, Gorski J, Aizawa Y (1961) The role of protein synthesis in early estrogen action. Proc Natl Acad Sci USA 47:164–169

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Muldoon TG, Watson GH, Evans AC Jr, Steinsapir J (1988) Microsomal receptor for steroid hormones: functional implications for nuclear activity. J Steroid Biochem 30:23–31

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Müller RE, Traish A, Wotiz HH (1980) Effects of pyridoxal 5′-phosphate on uterine estrogen receptor. I. Inhibition of nuclear binding in cell-free system and intact uterus. J Biol Chem 255:4062–4067

    PubMed  Google Scholar 

  • Müller RE, Traish AM, Wotiz HH (1983) Estrogen receptor activation precedes transformation. Effects of ionic strength, temperature, and molybdate. J Biol Chem 258:9227–9236

    PubMed  Google Scholar 

  • Munck A, Brinck-Johnsen T (1968) Specific and nonspecific physiocochemical interactions of glucocorticoids and related steroids with rat thymus cells in vitro. J Biol Chem 243:5556–5565

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Munck, A, Foley R (1979) Activation of steroid hormone-receptor complexes in intact target cells in physiological conditions. Nature 278:752–754

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Munck A, Holbrook NJ (1984) Glucocorticoid-receptor complexes in rat thymus cells. Rapid kinetic behavior and a cyclic model. J Biol Chem 259:820–831

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Munck A, Wira C, Young DA, Mosher KM, Hallahan C, Bell PA (1972) Glucocorticoid-receptor complexes and the earliest steps in the action of glucocorticoids on thymus cells. J Steroid Biochem 3:567–578

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Nadji M, Morales AR (1986) In: Immunoperoxidase techniques: a practical approach to tumor diagnosis. American Society of Clinical Pathologists Press, Chicago, pp 76, 172, 173

    Google Scholar 

  • Nakao K, Myers JE, Faber LE (1985) Development of a monoclonal antibody to the rabbit 8.5 S uterine progestin receptor. Can J Biochem Cell Biol 63:33–40

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Nielsen CJ, Sando JJ, Vogel WM, Pratt WB (1977a) Glucocorticoid receptor inactivation under cell-free conditions. J Biol Chem 252:7568–7578

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Nielsen CJ, Sando JJ, Pratt WB (1977b) Evidence that dephosphorylation inactivates glucocorticoid receptors. Proc Natl Acad Sci USA 74:1398–1402

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Nishigori H, Toft D (1979) Chemical modification of avian progesterone receptor by pyridoxal 5′-phosphate. J Biol Chem 254:9155–9161

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Norman AW, Myrtle JF, Midgett RJ, Nowicki HG, Williams V, Popják G (1971) 1,25-Dihydroxy-cholecalciferol: identification of the proposed active form of vitamin D3 in the intestine. Science 173:51–54

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Norman AW, Roth J, Orci L (1982) The vitamin D endocrine system: steroid metabolism, hormone receptors, and biological response (calcium binding proteins) Endocr Rev 3:331–366

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Noteboom WD, Gorski J (1965) Stereospecific binding of estrogens in the rat uterus. Arch Biochem Biophys 11:559–568

    Google Scholar 

  • Notides AC, Nielsen S (1974) The molecular mechanism of the in vitro 4 S to 5 S transformation of the uterine estrogen receptor. J Biol Chem 249:1866–1873

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Notides AC, Hamilton DE, Auer HE (1975) A kinetic analysis of the estrogen receptor transformation. J Biol Chem 250:3945–3950

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Notides AC, Lerner N, Hamilton DE (1981) Positive cooperativity of the estrogen receptor. Proc Natl Acad Sci USA 78:4926–4930

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Nozu K, Tamaoki B (1975) On the role of cytosol receptors in the incorporation of androgens into the prostatic nuclei of rat. J Steroid Biochem 6:57–63

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Okret S (1983) Comparison between different rabbit antisera against the glucocorticoid receptor. J Steroid Biochem 19:1241–1248

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Okret S, Carlstedt-Duke J, Wrange Ö, Carlström K, Gustafsson J-Å (1981) Characterization of an antiserum against the glucocorticoid receptor. Biochim Biophys Acta 677:205–219

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Okret S, Wikström A-C, Wrange Ö, Andersson B, Gustafsson J-Å (1984) Monoclonal antibodies against the rat liver glucocorticoid receptor. Proc Natl Acad Sci USA 81:1609–1613

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • O’Malley BW, Means AR (1974) Female steroid hormones and target cell nuclei. Science 183:610–620

    PubMed  Google Scholar 

  • O’Malley BW, McGuire WL, Köhler PO, Korenman SG (1969) Studies on the mechanism of steroid hormone regulation of synthesis of specific proteins. Recent Prog Horm Res 25:105–160

    PubMed  Google Scholar 

  • O’Malley BW, Sherman MR, Toft DO (1970) Progesterone “receptors” in the cytoplasm and nucleus of chick oviduct target tissues. Proc Natl Acad Sci USA 67:501–508

    PubMed  Google Scholar 

  • O’Malley, BW, Toft DO, Sherman MR (1971) Progesterone-binding components of chick oviduct II. Nuclear components. J Biol Chem 246:1117–1122

    PubMed  Google Scholar 

  • Orti E, Mendel DB, Munck A (1989a) Phosphorylation of glucocorticoid receptor-associated and free forms of the ~ 90-kDa heat shock protein before and after receptor activation. J Biol Chem 264:231–237

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Orti E, Mendel DB, Smith LI, Munck A (1989b) Agonist-dependent phosphorylation and nuclear dephosphorylation of glucocorticoid receptors in intact cells. J Biol Chem 264:9728–9731

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Osterbur DL, Yund MA (1982) Ecdysteroid binding activity in embryos of Drosophila melanogaster. J Cell Biochem 20:277–282

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Papamichail M, Tsokos G, Tsawdaroglou N, Sekeris CE (1980) Immunocytochemical demonstration of glucocorticoid receptors in different cell types and their translocation from the cytoplasm to the cell nucleus in the presence of dexamethasone. Exp Cell Res 125:490–493

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Parikh I, Rajendran KG, Su J-L, Lopez T, Sar M (1987) Are estrogen receptors cytoplasmic or nuclear? Some immunocytochemical and biochemical studies. J Steroid Biochem 27:185–192

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Pasqualini JR, Sumida C, Gelly C (1972) Mineralocorticosteroid receptors in the foetal compartment. J Steroid Biochem 3:543–556

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Pearlman WH, Pearlman MRJ (1961) The metabolism of Δ4-androstene-3,17-dione-7-H3; its localization in the ventral prostate and other tissues of the rat. J Biol Chem 236:1321–1327

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Peets EA, Henson MF, Neri R (1974) On the mechanism of the anti-androgenic action of flutamide (α-α-α-trifluoro-2-methyl-4′-nitro-m-propionotoluidide) in the rat. Endocrinology 94:532–540

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Peleg S, Schrader WT, O’Malley BW (1988) Sulfhydryl group content of chicken progesterone receptor: effect of oxidation on DNA binding activity. Biochemistry 27:358–367

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Pérez-Palacios G, Perez AE, Cruz ML, Beyer C (1973) Comparative uptake of [3H] androgens by the brain and the pituitary of castrated male rats. Biol Reprod 8:395–399

    PubMed  Google Scholar 

  • Perrot-Applanat M, Logeat F, Groyer-Picard MT, Milgrom E (1985) Imunocytochemical study of mammalian progesterone receptor using monoclonal antibodies. Endocrinology 116:1473–1484

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Perrot-Applanat M, Groyer-Picard M-T, Logeat F, Milgrom E (1986) Ultrastructural localization of progesterone receptor by an immunogold method: effect of hormone administration. J Cell Biol 102:1191–1199

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Perrot-Applanat M, Groyer-Picard M-T, Lorenzo F et al. (1987) Immunocytochemical study with monoclonal antibodies to progesterone receptor in human breast tumors. Cancer Res 47:2652–2661

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Pertschuk LP, Feldman JG, Eisenberg KB et al. (1988) Immunocytochemical detection of progesterone receptor in breast cancer with monoclonal antibody. Cancer 62:342–349

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Picard D, Yamamoto KR (1987) Two signals mediate hormone-dependent nuclear localization of the glucocorticoid receptor. EMBO J 6:3333–3340

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Pietras RJ, Szego CM (1979) Estrogen receptors in uterine plasma membrane. J Steroid Biochem 11:1471–1483

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Pietras RJ, Szego CM (1980) Partial purification and characterization of oestrogen receptors in subfractions of hepatocyte plasma membranes. Biochem J 191:743–760

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Pike JW (1982) Interaction between 1,25-dihydroxyvitamin D3 receptors and intestinal nuclei. Binding to nuclear constituents in vitro. J Biol Chem 257:6766–6775

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Pike JW (1984) Monoclonal antibodies to chick intestinal receptors for 1,25-dihydroxyvitamin D3. Interaction and effects of binding on receptor function. J Biol Chem 259:1167–1173

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Pike JW, Haussler MR (1983) Association of 1,25-dihydroxyvitamin D3 with cultured 3T6 mouse fibroblasts. Cellular uptake and receptor-mediated migration to the nucleus. J Biol Chem 258:8554–8560

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Pike JW, Sleator NM (1985) Hormone-dependent phosphorylation of the 1,25-dihydroxyvitamin D3 receptor in mouse fibroblasts. Biochem Biophys Res Commun 131:378–385

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Pike JW, Donaldson CA, Marion SL, Haussler MR (1982) Development of hybridomas secreting monoclonal antibodies to the chicken intestinal 1α,25-dihydroxyvitamin D3 receptor. Proc Natl Acad Sci USA 79:7719–7723

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Pike JW, Marion SL, Donaldson CA, Haussler MR (1983) Serum and monoclonal antibodies against the chick intestinal receptor for 1,25-dihydroxyvitamin D3. J. Biol Chem 258:1289–1296

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Podratz KC, Katzman PA (1968) Effect of estradiol on uptake and retention of progesterone by the vagina of the ovariectomized mouse. Fed Proc 27:497

    Google Scholar 

  • Porter GA, Bogoroch R, Edelman IS (1964) On the mechanism of action of aldosterone on sodium transport: the role of RNA synthesis. Proc Natl Acad Sci USA 52:1326–1333

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Pratt WB (1987) Transformation of glucocorticoid and progesterone receptors to the DNA-binding state. J Cell Biochem 35:51–68

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Pratt WB, Ishii DN (1972) Specific binding of glucocorticoids in vitro in the soluble fraction of mouse fibroblasts. Biochemistry 11:1401–1410

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Pratt WB, Sanchez ER, Bresnick EH, Meshinchi S, Scherrer LC, Dalman FC, Welsh MJ (1989) Interaction of the glucocorticoid receptor with the Mr 90000 heat shock protein: an evolving model of ligand-mediated receptor transformation and translocation. Cancer Res 49:2222s–2229s

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Press MF, Greene GL (1988) Localization of progesterone receptor with monoclonal antibodies to the human progestin receptor. Endocrinology 122:1165–1175

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Press MF, Nousek-Goebl NA, Greene GL (1985) Immunoelectron microscopic localization of estrogen receptor with monoclonal estrophilin antibodies. J Histochem Cytochem 33:915–924

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Puca GA, Bresciani F (1968) Receptor molecule for oestrogens from rat uterus. Nature 218:967–969

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Puca GA, Nola E, Sica V, Bresciani F (1972) Estrogen-binding proteins of calf uterus. Interrelationship between various forms and identification of a receptor-transforming factor. Biochemistry 11:4157–4165

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Puca GA, Abbondanza C, Nigro V, Armetta I, Medici N, Molinari AM (1986) Estradiol receptor has proteolytic activity that is responsible for its own transformation. Proc Natl Acad Sci USA 83:5367–5371

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Puri RK, Toft DO (1986) Peptide mapping of the avian progesterone receptor. J Biol Chem 261:5651–5657

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Puri RK, Dougherty JJ, Toft DO (1984) The avian progesterone receptor: isolation and characterization of phosphorylated forms. J Steroid Biochem 20:23–29

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Raam S, Peters L, Rafkind I, Putnum E, Longcope C, Cohen JL (1981) Simple methods for production and characterization of rabbit antibodies to human breast tumor estrogen receptors. Mol Immunol 18:143–156

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Raam S, Nemeth E, Tamura H, O’Briain DS, Cohen JL (1982) Immunohistochemical localization of estrogen receptors in human mammary carcinoma using antibodies to the receptor protein. Eur J Cancer Clin Oncol 18:1–12

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Radanyi C, Redeuilh G, Eigenmann E et al. (1979) Production et détection d’anticorps antirécepteur de l’oestradiol d’utérus de veau. Interaction avec le récepteur d’oviducte de poule. C R Acad Sci [D] (Paris) 288:255–258

    CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Radanyi C, Joab I, Renoir J-M, Richard-Foy H, Baulieu E-E (1983) Monoclonal antibody to chicken oviduct progesterone receptor. Proc Natl Acad Sci USA 80:2854–2858

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Radayni C, Renoir J-M, Sabbah M, Baulieu E-E (1989) Chicken heat-shock protein of Mr = 90000, free or released from progesterone receptor, is in a dimeric form. J Biol Chem 264:2568–2573

    Google Scholar 

  • Rao BR, Wiest WG, Allen WM (1973) Progesterone “receptor” in rabbit uterus. I. Characterization and estradiol-17β augmentation. Endocrinology 92:1229–1240

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Rao KVS, Fox CF (1987) Epidermal growth factor stimulates tyrosine phosphorylation of human glucocorticoid receptor in cultured cells. Biochem Biophys Res Commun 144:512–519

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Rao KVS, Peralta WD, Greene GL, Fox CF (1987) Cellular progesterone receptor phosphorylation in response to ligands activating protein kinases. Biochem Biophys Res Commun 146:1357–1365

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Raspe G (ed) (1971) Schering workshop on steroid hormone receptors. Advances in the biosciences, vol 7. Pergamon-Vieweg, Braunschweig

    Google Scholar 

  • Raynaud-Jammet C, Baulieu E-E (1969) Action de l’oestradiol in vitro: Augmentation de la biosynthèse d’acide ribonucléique dans les noyaux utérine. C R Acad Sci [D] (Paris) 268:3211–3214

    CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Reel JR, Van Dewark SD, Shih Y, Callantine MR (1971) Macromolecular binding and metabolism of progesterone in the decidual and pseudopregnant rat and rabbit uterus. Steroids 18:441–461

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Reker CE, LaPointe MC, Kovacic-Millivojevic B, Chiou WJH, Vedeckis WV (1987) A possible role for dephosphorylation in glucocorticoid receptor transformation. J Steroid Biochem 26:653–665

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Renoir J-M, Radanyi C, Yang C-R, Baulieu E-E (1982) Antibodies against progesterone receptor from chick oviduct. Cross-reactivity with mammalian progesterone receptors. Eur J Biochem 127:81–86

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Resko JA, Goy RW, Phoenix CH (1967) Uptake and distribution of exogenous testosterone-1,2-3H in neural and genital tissues of the castrate guinea pig. Endocrinology 80:490–498

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Ringold GM (1985) Steroid hormone regulation of gene expression. Annu Rev Pharmacol Toxicol 25:529–566

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Ritzen EM, Nayfeh SN, French FS, Dobbins MC (1971) Demonstration of androgen-binding components in rat epididymis cytosol and comparison with binding components in prostate and other tissues. Endocrinology 89:143–151

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Robinson KR (1979) Electrical currents through full-grown and maturing Xenopus oocytes. Proc Natl Acad Sci USA 76:837–841

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Rochefort H, Baulieu E-E (1968) Récepteurs hormonaux: relations entre les «récepteurs» utérins de l’oestradiol, «8 S» cytoplasmique, et «4 S» cytoplasmique et nucléaire. C R Acad Sci Paris [D] 267:662–665

    CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Rosenau W, Baxter JD, Rousseau GG, Tomkins GG (1972) Mechanism of resistance to steroids: glucocorticoid receptor defect in lymphoma cells. Nature New Biol 237:20–24

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Rousseau GG (1975) Interaction of steroids with hepatoma cells: molecular mechanisms of glucocorticoid hormone action. J Steroid Biochem 6:75–89

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Rousseau GG, Baxter JD, Tomkins GM (1972a) Glucocorticoid receptors: relations between steroid binding and biological effects. J Mol Biol 67:99–115

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Rousseau G, Baxter JD, Funder JW, Edelman IS, Tomkins GM (1972b) Glucocorticoid and mineralocorticoid receptors for aldosterone. J Steroid Biochem 3:219–227

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Rousseau GG, Baxter JD, Higgins SJ, Tomkins GM (1973) Steroid-induced nuclear binding of glucocorticoid receptors in intact hepatoma cells. J Mol Biol 79:539–554

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Roy S, Mahesh VB, Greenblatt RB (1964) Inhibition of uptake of radioactive estradiol by the uterus and pituitary gland of immature rats. Acta Endocrinol 47:669–675

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Rundle SE, Smith AI, Stockman D, Funder JW (1989) Immunocytochemical demonstration of mineralocorticoid receptors in rat and human kidney. J Steroid Biochem 33:1235–1242

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Sabbah M, Redeuilh G, Secco C, Baulieu E-E (1987) The binding activity of estrogen receptor to DNA and heat shock protein (Mr 90000) is dependent on receptor-bound metal. J Biol Chem 262:8631–8635

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Sadler SE, Mailer JL (1982) Identification of a steroid receptor on the surface of Xenopus oocytes by photoaffmity labeling. J Biol Chem 257:355–361

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Saffran J, Loeser BK, Haas BM, Stavely HE (1973) Binding of progesterone by rat uterus in vitro. Biochem Biophys Res Commun 53:202–209

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Sage BA, Tanis MA, O’Connor JD (1982) Characterization of ecdysteroid receptors in cytosol and naive nuclear preparations of Drosophila Kc cells. J Biol Chem 257:6373–6379

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Sanchez ER, Pratt WB (1986) Phosphorylation of L-cell glucocorticoid receptors in immune complexes: evidence that the receptor is not a protein kinase. Biochemistry 25:1378–1382

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Sanchez ER, Toft DO, Schlesinger MJ, Pratt WB (1985) Evidence that the 90-kDa phosphoprotein associated with the untransformed L-cell glucocorticoid receptor is a murine heat shock protein. J Biol Chem 260:12398–12401

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Sanchez ER, Meshinchi S, Tienrungroj W, Schlesinger M J, Toft DO, Pratt WB (1987) Relationship of the 90-kDa murine heat shock protein to the untransformed and transformed states of the L cell glucocorticoid receptor. J Biol Chem 262:6986–6991

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Sando JJ, La Forest AC, Pratt WB (1979a) ATP-dependent activation of L cell glucocorticoid receptors to the steroid binding form. J Biol Chem 254:4772–4778

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Sando JJ, Hammond ND, Stratford CA, Pratt WB (1979b) Activation of thymocyte glucocorticoid receptors to the steroid-binding form. The roles of reducing agents, ATP, and heat-stable factors. J Biol Chem 254:4779–4789

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Sap J, Muñoz A, Damm K, Goldberg Y, Ghysdael J, Leutz A, Beug H, Vennström B (1986) The c-erb-A protein is a high affinity receptor for thyroid hormone. Nature 324:635–640

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Sar M, Parikh I (1986) Immunohistochemical localization of estrogen receptor in rat brain, pituitary and uterus with monoclonal antibodies. J Steroid Biochem 24:497–503

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Sar M, Stumpf WE (1973a) Pituitary gonadotrophs: nuclear concentration of radioactivity after injection of [3H]testosterone. Science 179:389–391

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Sar M, Stumpf WE (1973b) Autoradiographic localization of radioactivity in the rat brain after the injection of 1,2-3H-testosterone. Endocrinology 92:251–256

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Sar M, Stumpf WE (1974) Cellular and subcellular localization of 3H-progesterone or its metabolites in the oviduct, uterus, vagina and liver of the guinea pig. Endocrinology 94:1116–1125

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Sar M, Liao S, Stumpf WE (1970) Nuclear concentration of androgens in rat seminal vesicles and prostate demonstrated by dry-mount autoradiography. Endocrinology 86:1008–1011

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Sarff M, Gorski J (1971) Control of estrogen binding protein concentration under basal conditions and after estrogen administration. Biochemistry 10:2557–2563

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Sato B, Nishizawa Y, Noma K, Matsumoto K, Yamamura Y (1979) Estrogen-independent nuclear binding of receptor protein of rat uterine cytosol by removal of low molecular weight inhibitor. Endocrinology 104:1474–1479

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Sato B, Noma K, Nishizawa Y, Nakao K, Matusomoto K, Yamamura Y (1980) Mechanism of activation of steroid receptors: involvement of low molecular weight inhibitor in activation of androgen, glucocorticoid, and estrogen receptor systems. Endocrinology 106:1142–1148

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Sato B, Miyashita Y, Maeda Y, Noma K, Kishimoto S, Matsumoto K (1987) Effects of estrogen and vanadate on the proliferation of newly established transformed mouse Leydig cell line in vitro. Endocrinology 120:1112–1120

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Savouret JF, Misrahi M, Loosfelt H et al. (1989) Molecular and cellular biology of mammalian progesterone receptors. Recent Prog Horm Res 45:65–120

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Schaltmann K, Pongs O (1982) Identification and characterization of the ecdysterone receptor in Drosophila melanogaster by photoaffmity labeling. Proc Natl Acad Sci USA 79:6–10

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Schauer M, Chalepakis G, Willmann T, Beato M (1989) Binding of hormone accelerates the kinetics of glucocorticoid and progesterone receptor binding to DNA. Proc Natl Acad Sci USA 86:1123–1127

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Schaumburg BP (1970) Studies of the glucocorticoid-binding protein from thymocytes. I. Localization in the cell and some properties of the protein. Biochim Biophys Acta 214:520–532

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Schaumburg BP (1972) Investigations on the glucocorticoid-binding protein from rat thymocytes. II. Stability, kinetics and specificity of binding of steroids. Biochim Biophys Acta 261:219–235

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Schaumburg BP, Bojesen E (1968) Specificity and thermodynamic properties of the corticosteroid binding to a receptor of rat thymocytes in vitro. Biochim Biophys Acta 170:172–188

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Schmidt TJ, Litwack G (1982) Activation of the glucocorticoid-receptor complex. Physiol Rev 62:1131–1192

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Schrader WT (1984) New model for steroid hormone receptors? Nature 308:17–18

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Schrader WT, O’Malley BW (1972) Progesterone-binding components of chick oviduct. IV. Characterization of purified subunits. J Biol Chem 247:51–59

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Schuetz AW (1974) Role of hormones in oocyte maturation. Biol Reprod 10:150–178

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Schuh S, Yonemoto W, Brugge J, Bauer VJ, Riehl RM, Sullivan WP, Toft DO (1985) A 90000-dalton binding protein common to both steroid receptors and the Rous sarcoma virus transforming protein pp60v-src. J Biol Chem 260:14292–14296

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Schule R, Muller M, Kaltschmidt C, Renkawitz R (1988) Many transcription factors interact synergistically with steroid receptors. Science 242:1418–1420

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Sekula BC, Schmidt TJ, Litwack G (1981) Redefinition of modulator as an inhibitor of glucocorticoid receptor activation. J Steroid Biochem 14:161–166

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Severne Y, Wieland S, Schaffner W, Rusconi S (1988) Metal binding ‘finger’ structures in the glucocorticoid receptor defined by site-directed mutagenesis. EMBO J 7:2503–2508

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Sharp GWG, Komack CL, Leaf A (1966) Studies on the binding of aldosterone in the toad bladder. J Clin Invest 45:450–459

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Sheridan PJ, Buchanan JM, Anselmo VC, Martin PM (1979) Equilibrium: the intracellular distribution of steroid receptors. Nature 282:579–582

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Sheridan PJ, Buchanan JM, Anselmo VC, Martin PM (1981) Unbound progesterone receptors are in equilibrium between the nucleus and cytoplasm in cells of the rat uterus. Endocrinology 108:1533–1537

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Sheridan PL, Krett NL, Gordon JA, Horwitz KB (1988) Human progesterone receptor transformation and nuclear down-regulation are independent of phosphorylation. Mol Endocrinol 2:1329–1342

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Sheridan PL, Evans RM, Horwitz KB (1989a) Phosphotryptic peptide analysis of human progesterone receptors. New phosphorylated sites formed in nuclei after hormone treatment. J Biol Chem 264:6520–6528

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Sheridan PL, Francis MD, Horwitz KB (1989b) Synthesis of human progesterone receptors in T47D cells. Nascent A- and B-receptors are active without a phosphorylation-dependent post-translational maturation step. J Biol Chem 264:7054–7058

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Sherman MR, Corvol PL, O’Malley BW (1970) Progesterone-binding components of chick oviduct. I. Preliminary characterization of cytoplasmic components. J Biol Chem 245:6085–6096

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Sierralta WD, Szendro PI, Kaliweit E, Jungblut PW (1987) Biosynthesis and posttranslational finishing of the estradiol receptor. J Steroid Biochem 27:109–113

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Simons SS Jr, Martinez HM, Garcea RL, Baxter JD, Tomkins GM (1976) Interactions of glucocorticoid receptor-steroid complexes with acceptor sites. J Biol Chem 251:334–343

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Singer S, Becker JE, Litwack G (1973) The principal glucocorticoid binding macromolecule in hepatoma cells in culture is similar to corticosteroid binder II of rat liver cytosol. Biochem Biophys Res Commun 52:943–950

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Singh VB, Moudgil VK (1985) Phosphorylation of rat liver glucocorticoid receptor. J Biol Chem 260:3684–3690

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Singh VB, Eliezer N, Moudgil VK (1986) Transformation and phosphorylation of purified molyb-date-stabilized chicken oviduct progesterone receptor. Biochim Biophys Acta 888:237–248

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Skafar DF, Notides AC (1985) Modulation of the estrogen receptor’s affinity for estradiol. J Biol Chem 260:12208–12213

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Sloman JC, Bell PA (1976) The dependence of specific nuclear binding of glucocorticoids by rat thymus cells on cellular ATP levels. Biochim Biophys Acta 428:403–413

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Smith DF, Lubahn DB, McCormick DJ, Wilson EM, Toft DO (1988) The production of antibodies against the conserved cysteine region of steroid receptors and their use in characterizing the avian progesterone receptor. Endocrinology 122:2816–2825

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Spaziani E, Szego CM (1959) Further evidence for mediation by histamine of estrogenic stimulation of the rat uterus. Endocrinology 64:713–723

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Steinsapir J, Evans AC Jr, Bryhan M, Muldoon TG (1985) Androgen receptor dynamics in the rat ventral prostate. Biochim Biophys Acta 842:1–11

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Steinsapir J, Bryhan M, Muldoon TG (1989) Relative binding properties of microsomal and cytosolic androgen receptor species of the ventral prostate. Endocrinology 125:2297–2311

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Stern JM, Eisenfeld AJ (1969) Androgen accumulation and binding to macromolecules in seminal vesicles: inhibition by cyproterone. Science 166:233–235

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Stern JM, Eisenfeld AJ (1971) Distribution and metabolism of 3H-testosterone in castrated male rats: effects of cyproterone, progesterone and unlabeled testosterone. Endocrinology 88:1117–1125

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Stevens B, Alvarez CM, Bohman R, O’Connor JD (1980) An ecdysteroid-induced alteration in the cell cycle of cultured Drosophila cells. Cell 22:675–682

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Stone GM (1963) The uptake of tritiated oestrogens by various organs of the ovariectomized mouse following subcutaneous administration. J Endocrinol 27:281–288

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Stone GM (1964) The effect of oestrogen antagonists on the uptake of tritiated oestradiol by the uterus and vagina of the ovariectomized mouse. J Endocrinol 29:127–136

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Stone GT, Baggett B (1965) The in vitro uptake of tritiated estradiol and estrone by the uterus and vagina of the ovariectomized mouse. Steroids 5:809–826

    CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Stone GM, Martin L (1964) The uptake of tritiated oestradiol and oestrone by the uterus of the ovariectomized mouse following local application. Steroids 3:699–706

    CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Strähle U, Klock G, Schütz G (1987) A DNA sequence of 15 base pairs is sufficient to mediate both glucocorticoid and progesterone induction of gene expression. Proc Natl Acad Sci USA 84:7871–7875

    PubMed  Google Scholar 

  • Stumpf WE, Roth LJ (1966) High resolution autoradiography with dry mounted, freeze-dried frozen sections. J Histochem Cytochem 14:274–287

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Stumpf WE, Sar M, Reid FA, Tanaka Y, DeLuca HF (1979) Target cells for 1,25-dihydroxyvitamin D3 in intestinal tract, stomach, kidney, skin, pituitary, and parathyroid. Science 206:1188–1190

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Stumpf WE, Sar M, Narbaitz R, Reid FA, DeLuca HF, Tanaka Y (1980) Cellular and subcellular localization of 1,25-(OH)2-vitamin D3 in rat kidney: comparison with localization of parathyroid hormone and estradiol. Proc Natl Acad Sci USA 77:1149–1153

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Sullivan WP, Vroman BT, Bauer VJ, Puri RK, Riehl RM, Pearson GR, Toft DO (1985) Isolation of steroid receptor binding protein from chicken oviduct and production of monoclonal antibodies. Biochemistry 24:4214–4222

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Sullivan WP, Beito TG, Proper J, Krco CJ, Toft DO (1986) Preparation of monoclonal antibodies to the avian progesterone receptor. Endocrinology 119:1549–1557

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Sullivan WP, Madden BJ, McCormick DJ, Toft DO (1988a) Hormone-dependent phosphorylation of the avian progesterone receptor. J Biol Chem 263:14717–14723

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Sullivan WP, Smith DF, Beito TG, Krco CJ, Toft DO (1988b) Hormone-dependent processing of the avian progesterone receptor. J Cell Biochem 36:103–119

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Sulya LL, McCaa CS, Read VH, Borner D (1963) Uptake of tritiated aldosterone by rat tissues. Nature 200:788–789

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Swaneck GE, Highland E, Edelman IS (1969) Stereospecific nuclear and cytosol aldosterone-binding proteins of various tissues. Nephron 6:297–316

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Swaneck GE, Chu LLH, Edelman IS (1970) Stereospecific binding of aldosterone to renal chromatin. J Biol Chem 245:5382–5389

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Szego CM (1965) Role of histamine in mediation of hormone action. Fed Proc 24:1343–1352

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Tai P-KK, Maeda Y, Nakao K, Wakim NJ, Duhring JL, Faber LE (1986) A 59-kilodalton protein associated with progestin, estrogen, androgen, and glucocorticoid receptors. Biochemistry 25:5269–5275

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Tan J, Joseph DR, Quarmby VE, Lubahn DB, Sar M, French FS, Wilson EM (1988) The rat androgen receptor: primary structure, autoregulation of its messenger ribonucleic acid, and immunocytochemical localization of the receptor protein. Mol Endocrinol 2:1276–1285

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Tchernitchin A (1973) Fine structure of rat uterine eosinophils and the possible role of eosinophils in the mechanism of estrogen action. J Steroid Biochem 4:277–282

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Tchernitchin A (1979) The role of eosinophil receptors in the non-genomic response to oestrogens in the uterus. J Steroid Biochem 11:417–424

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Teasdale J, Lewis FA, Barrett ID, Abbott AC, Wharton J, Bird CC (1986) Immunocytochemical application of monoclonal antibodies to rat liver glucocorticoid receptor. J Pathol 150:227–237

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Terenius L (1965) Uptake of radioactive oestradiol in some organs of immature mice. Acta Endocrinol 50:584–596

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Terenius L (1966) Specific uptake of oestrogens by the mouse uterus in vitro. Acta Endocrinol 53:611–618

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Thieulant ML, Samperez S, Jouan P (1973) Binding and metabolism of [3H]-testosterone in the nuclei of rat pituitary in vivo. J Steroid Biochem 4:677–685

    CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Thomas JA, Smith CG, Mawhinney MG, Knych ET Jr (1970) Subcellular distribution of radioactivity in the prostate gland following the single injection of [1,2-3H]testosterone. Acta Endocrinol 63:505–511

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Thomas T, Kiang DT (1986) Ribonuclease-induced transformation of progesterone receptor from rabbit uterus. J Steroid Biochem 24:505–511

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Tienrungroj W, Meshinchi S, Sanchez ER, Pratt SE, Grippo JF, Holmgren A, Pratt WB (1987a) The role of sulfhydryl groups in permitting transformation and DNA binding of the glucocorticoid receptor. J Biol Chem 262:6992–7000

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Tienrungroj W, Sanchez ER, Housley PR, Harrison RW, Pratt WB (1987b) Glucocorticoid receptor phosphorylation, transformation, and DNA binding. J Biol Chem 262:17342–17349

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Toft D, Gorski J (1966) A receptor molecule for estrogens: isolation from the rat uterus and preliminary characterization. Proc Natl Acad Sci USA 55:1574–1581

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Toft D, Nishigori H (1979) Stabilization of the avian progesterone receptor by inhibitors. J Steroid Biochem 11:413–416

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Toft D, Shyamala G, Gorski J (1967) A receptor molecule for estrogens. Studies using a cell-free system. Proc Natl Acad Sci USA 57:1740–1743

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Toft DO, Lohmar P, Miller J, Moudgil V (1976) The properties and functional significance of ATP binding to progesterone receptors. J Steroid Biochem 7:1053–1059

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Tora L, Mullick A, Metzger D, Ponglikitmongkol M, Park I, Chambon P (1989) The cloned human oestrogen receptor contains a mutation which alters its hormone binding properties. EMBO J 8:1981–1986

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Traish A, Müller RE, Wotiz HH (1980) Effects of pyridoxal 5′-phosphate on uterine estrogen receptor II. Inhibition of estrogen-receptor transformation. J Biol Chem 255:4068–4072

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Traish A, Kim N, Wotiz HH (1989) Characterization of polyclonal antibodies to preselected domains of the human estrogen receptor. Endocrinology 125:172–179

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Tsai HC, Norman AW (1973) Studies on calciferol metabolism VIII. Evidence for a cytoplasmic receptor for 1,25-dihydroxy-vitamin D3 in the intestinal mucosa. J Biol Chem 248:5967–5975

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Tsai HC, Wong RG, Norman AW (1972) Studies on calciferol metabolism IV. Subcellular localization of 1,25-dihydroxy-vitamin D3 in intestinal mucosa and correlation with increased calcium transport. J Biol Chem 247:5511–5519

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Tsai SY, Carlstedt-Duke J, Weigel NL, Dahlman K, Gustafsson J-Å, Tsai M-J, O’Malley BW (1988) Molecular interactions of steroid hormone receptor with its enhancer element: evidence for receptor dimer formation. Cell 55:361–369

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Tsai SY, Tsai M-J, O’Malley BW (1989) Cooperative binding of steroid hormone receptors contributes to transcriptional synergism at target enhancer elements. Cell 57:443–448

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Tucker HA, Larson BL, Gorski J (1971) Cortisol binding in cultured bovine mammary cells. Endocrinology 89:152–160

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Tuohimaa P, Renoir J-M, Radanyi C, Mester J, Joab I, Buchou T, Baulieu E-E (1984) Antibodies against highly purified B-subunit of the chick oviduct progesterone receptor. Biochem Biophys Res Commun 119:433–439

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Tveter KJ (1969) Subcellular localization of androgen in the rat ventral prostate in vivo. Endocrinology 85:597–600

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Tveter KJ, Attramadal A (1968) Selective uptake of radioactivity in rat ventral prostate following administration of testosterone-1,2-3H. Acta Endocrinol 59:218–226

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Tveter KJ, Attramadal A (1969) Autoradiographic localization of androgen in the rat ventral prostate. Endocrinology 85:350–354

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Ui H, Mueller GC (1963) The role of RNA synthesis in early estrogen action. Proc Natl Acad Sci USA 50:256–260

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Unhjem O, Tveter KJ (1969) Localization of an androgen binding substance from the rat ventral prostate. Acta Endocrinol 60:571–578

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Unhjem O, Tveter KJ, Aakvaag A (1969) Preliminary characterization of an androgen-macromolecular complex from the rat ventral prostate. Acta Endocrinol 62:153–164

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Urda LA, Yen PM, Simons SS Jr, Harmon JM (1989) Region-specific antiglucocorticoid receptor antibodies selectively recognize the activated form of the ligand-occupied receptor and inhibit the binding of activated complexes to deoxyribonucleic acid. Mol Endocrinol 3:251–260

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Vedeckis WV (1983) Subunit dissociation as a possible mechanism of glucocorticoid receptor activation. Biochemistry 22:1983–1989

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Verrijdt A, Leclercq G, Devleeschouwer N, Danguy A (1985) Tritiated actinomycin-D staining method: a valuable tool to study oestrogen receptor-induced modifications of transcriptional activity in normal and neoplastic cells. Arch Int Physiol Biochim 93:65–73

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • von der Ahe D, Janich S, Scheiderheit C, Renkawitz R, Schütz G, Beato M (1985) Glucocorticoid and progesterone receptors bind to the same sites in two hormonally regulated promotors. Nature 313:706–709

    PubMed  Google Scholar 

  • Walters MR (1985) Steroid hormone receptors and the nucleus. Endocrine Rev 6:512–543

    CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Walters MR, Hunziker W, Norman AW (1981) 1,25-Dihydroxyvitamin D3 receptors: intermediates between triiodothyronine and steroid hormone receptors. Trends Biochem Sci 6:268–271

    CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Walters MR, Hunziker W, Konami D, Norman AW (1982) Factors affecting the distribution and stability of unoccupied 1,25-dihydroxyvitamin D3 receptors. J Recept Res 2:331–346

    CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Walters SN, Reinhardt TA, Dominick MA, Horst RL, Littledike ET (1986) Intracellular location of unoccupied 1,25-dihydroxyvitamin D receptors: a nuclear-cytoplasmic equilibrium. Arch Biochem Biophys 246:366–373

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Wang L-H, Tsai SY, Sagami I, Tsai M-J, O’Malley BW (1987) Purification and characterization of chicken ovalbumin upstream promotor transcription factor from HeLa cells. J Biol Chem 262:16080–16086

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Wang L-H, Tsai SY, Cook RG, Beattie WG, Tsai M-J, O’Malley BW (1989) COUP transcription factor is a member of the steroid receptor superfamily. Nature 340:163–166

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Waterman ML, Adler S, Nelson C, Greene GL, Evans RM, Rosenfeld MG (1988) A single domain of the estrogen receptor confers deoxyribonucleic acid binding and transcriptional activation of the rat prolactin gene. Mol Endocrinol 2:14–21

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Watson GH, Muldoon TG (1985) Specific binding of estrogen and estrogen-receptor complex by microsomes from the estrogen-responsive tissues of the rat. Endocrinology 117:1341–1349

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Wecksler WR, Norman AW (1980) Biochemical properties of 1α,25-dihydroxyvitamin D receptors. J Steroid Biochem 13:977–989

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Wecksler WR, Henry HL, Norman AW (1977) Studies on the mode of action of calciferol. Subcellular localization of 1,25-dihydroxyvitamin D3 in chicken parathyroid glands. Arch Biochem Biophys 183:168–175

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Wecksler WR, Mason RS, Norman AW (1979a) Specific cytosol receptors for 1,25-dihydroxyvitamin D3 in human intestine. J Clin Endocrinol Metab 48:715–717

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Wecksler WR, Ross FP, Norman AW (1979b) Characterization of the 1α,25-dihydroxyvitamin D3 receptor from rat intestinal cytosol. J Biol Chem 254:9488–9491

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Wecksler WR, Ross FP, Mason RS; Norman AW (1980a) Biochemical properties of the 1α,25-dihydroxyvitamin D3 cytosol receptors from human and chicken intestinal mucosa. J Clin Endocrinol Metab 50:152–157

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Wecksler WR, Ross FP, Mason RS, Posen S, Norman AW (1980b) Biochemical properties of the 1α,25-dihydroxy vitamin D3 cytoplasmic receptors from human and chick parathyroid glands. Arch Biochem Biophys 201:95–103

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Wei LL, Sheridan PL, Krett NL, Francis MD, Toft DO, Edwards DP, Horwitz KB (1987) Immunologic analysis of human breast cancer progesterone receptors. 2. Structure, phosphorylation, and processing. Biochemistry 26:6262–6272

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Weigel NL, Tash JS, Means AR, Schrader WT, O’Malley BW (1981) Phosphorylation of hen progesterone receptor by cAMP dependent protein kinase. Biochem Biophys Res Commun 102:513–519

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Weiler IJ, Lew D, Shapiro DJ (1987) The Xenopus laevis estrogen receptor: sequence homology with human and avian receptors and identification of multiple estrogen receptor messenger ribonucleic acids. Mol Endocrinol 1:355–362

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Weinberger C, Hollenberg SM, Rosenfeld MG, Evans RM (1985) Domain structure of human glucocorticoid receptor and its relationship to the v-erb-A oncogene product. Nature 318:670–672

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Weinberger C, Thompson CC, Ong ES, Lebo R, Gruol DJ, Evans RM (1986) The c-erb-A gene encodes a thyroid hormone receptor. Nature 324:641–646

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Welshons WV, Lieberman ME, Gorski J (1984) Nuclear localization of unoccupied oestrogen receptors. Nature 307:747–749

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Welshons WV, Krummel BM, Gorski J (1985) Nuclear localization of unoccupied receptors for glucocorticoids, estrogens and progesterone in GH3 cells. Endocrinology 117:2140–2147

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Westphal HM, Moldenhauer G, Beato M (1982) Monoclonal antibodies to the rat liver glucocorticoid receptor. EMBO J 1:1467–1471

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Whalen RE, Luttge WE (1971) Testosterone, androstenedione and dihydrotestosterone: effects on mating behavior of male rats. Horm Behav 2:117–125

    CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Whalen RE, Luttge WG, Green R (1969) Effects of the anti-androgen cyproterone acetate on the uptake of 1,2–3H-testosterone in neural and peripheral tissues of the castrate male rat. Endocrinology 84:217–222

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Wiest WG, Rao BR (1971) Progesterone binding proteins in rabbit uterus and human endometrium. Adv Biosci 7:251–266

    Google Scholar 

  • Wikström A-C, Bakke O, Okret S, Brönnegârd M, Gustafsson J-Å (1987) Intracellular localization of the glucocorticoid receptor: evidence for cytoplasmic and nuclear localization. Endocrinology 120:1232–1242

    PubMed  Google Scholar 

  • Williams D, Gorski J (1972) Kinetic and equilibrium analysis of estradiol in uterus: a model of binding-site distribution in uterine cells. Proc Natl Acad Sci USA 69:3464–3468

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Willmann T, Beato M (1986) Steroid-free glucocorticoid receptor binds specifically to mouse mammary tumor virus DNA. Nature 324:688–691

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Wilson EM, Wright BT, Yarbrough WG (1986) The possible role of disulfide bond reduction in transformation of the 10 S androgen receptor. J Biol Chem 261:6501–6508

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Wilson EM, Lubahn DB, French FS, Jewell CM, Cidlowski JA (1988) Antibodies to steroid receptor deoxyribonucleic acid binding domains and their reactivity with the human glucocorticoid receptor. Mol Endocrinol 2:1018–1026

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Wira C, Munck A (1970) Specific glucocorticoid receptors in thymus cells. J Biol Chem 245:3436–3438

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Wong RG, Myrtle JF, Tsai HC, Norman AW (1972) Studies on calciferol metabolism V. The occurrence and biological activity of 1,25-dihydyroxy-vitamin D3 in bone. J Biol Chem 247:5728–5735

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Woo DDL, Fay SP, Griest R, Coty W, Goldfine I, Fox CF (1986) Differential phosphorylation of the progesterone receptor by insulin, epidermal growth factor, and platelet-derived growth factor receptor tyrosine protein kinases. J Biol Chem 261:460–467

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Wrange Ö, Gustafsson J-Å (1978) Separation of the hormone- and DNA-binding sites of the hepatic glucocorticoid receptor by means of proteolysis. J Biol Chem 253:856–865

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Wrange Ö, Eriksson P, Perlmann T (1989) The purified activated glucocorticoid receptor is a homodimer. J Biol Chem 264:5253–5259

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Yamamoto KR (1985) Steroid receptor regulated transcription of specific genes and gene networks. Annu Rev Genet 19:209–252

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Yamamoto KR, Alberts BM (1972) In vitro conversion of estradiol-receptor protein to its nuclear form: dependence on hormone and DNA. Proc Natl Acad Sci USA 69:2105–2109

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Yang CR, Mešter J, Wolfson A, Renoir J-M, Baulieu E-E (1982) Activation of chick oviduct progesterone receptor by heparin in the presence or absence of hormone. Biochem J 208:399–406

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Young CYF, Murthy LR, Prescott JL et al. (1988) Monoclonal antibodies against the androgen receptor: recognition of human and other mammalian androgen receptors. Endocrinology 123:601–610

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Yund MA (1979) Specific binding of 20-hydroxyecdysone to nuclei of imaginai discs of Drosophila melanogaster. Mol Cell Endocrinol 14:19–35

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Yund MA, Fristrom JW (1975) Uptake and binding of β-ecdysone in imaginai discs of Drosophila melanogaster. Dev Biol 43:287–298

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Yund MA, King DS, Fristrom JW (1978) Ecdysteroid receptors in imaginai discs of Drosophila melanogaster. Proc Natl Acad Sci USA 75:6039–6043

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Zigmond RE, Stern JM, McEwen BS (1972) Retention of radioactivity in cell nuclei in hypothalamus of the ring dove after injection of 3H-testosterone. Gen Comp Endocrinol 18:450–453

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Zile M, Bunge EC, Barsness L, Yamada S, Schnoes HK, DeLuca HF (1978) Localization of 1,25-dihydroxyvitamin D3 in intestinal nuclei in vivo. Arch Biochem Biophys 186:15–24

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

Download references

Authors

Editor information

Editors and Affiliations

Rights and permissions

Reprints and permissions

Copyright information

© 1991 Springer-Verlag Berlin Heidelberg

About this chapter

Cite this chapter

Jensen, E.V. (1991). Steroid Hormone Receptors. In: Seifert, G. (eds) Cell Receptors. Current Topics in Pathology, vol 83. Springer, Berlin, Heidelberg. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-642-75515-6_11

Download citation

  • DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-642-75515-6_11

  • Publisher Name: Springer, Berlin, Heidelberg

  • Print ISBN: 978-3-642-75517-0

  • Online ISBN: 978-3-642-75515-6

  • eBook Packages: Springer Book Archive

Publish with us

Policies and ethics