Zusammenfassung
Das Auftreten einer körperlichen Behinderung oder chronischen Krankheit eines Kindes stellt eine Quelle von Streß dar, die Familien dazu veranlaßt, Bewältigungsstrategien zu entwickeln. Einige Familien entwickeln funktionale Bewältigungsformen, die den emotionalen Streß reduzieren und effektiv mit den Bedürfnissen des Kindes umgehen. Andere Familien beschäftigen sich hauptsächlich mit dem emotionalen Streß, was eher als dysfunktionales Coping zu bezeichnen ist. Die jeweilige Bewältigungsform ist vom Familientyp und der Familiengeschichte vor dem Auftreten der Behinderung abhängig. Eine weitere These dieser Arbeit ist, daß auch in Familien, die sich durch funktionale Bewältigungsformen auszeichnen, strukturelle Veränderungen stattfinden, wenn sie langandauerndem Streß ausgesetzt sind. Das funktionale Coping erfordert ein höheres Ausmaß an organisatorischer Kontrolle und führt schließlich zu einem wachsenden Grad an Rigidität. Ein rigiditätsorientierter familiärer Stil, der funktional ist für die Bewältigung der Bedürfnisse des behinderten Kindes, kann daher mit Aufgaben interferieren, die Flexibilität erfordern, und dies auf bestimmten Entwicklungsstufen in besonderem Maße.
Summary
The emergenc of a physical disability or a chronic illness in a child is a source of stress, which leads families to employ coping behavior. According to family type and history, prior to the emergence of the handicapping condition, some families may develop functional coping which will decrease the emotional stress and deal effectively with the needs of the child. Other families may primarily deal with the emotional stress and their behavior will rather reflect dysfunctional coping. An additional suggestion in this essay is that even in families characterized by functional coping, prolonged exposure to stress may lead to an increasing level of rigidity. The family’s rigidly oriented approach, which is functional for coping with the needs of the disabled child, may interfere with family tasks which require flexibility, especially during various developmental stages.
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Shulman, S. (1990). Körperlich behinderte und chronisch kranke Kinder: Familiäres Coping und Anpassung. Eine systemische Perspektive. In: Seiffge-Krenke, I. (eds) Krankheitsverarbeitung bei Kindern und Jugendlichen. Jahrbuch der medizinischen Psychologie, vol 4. Springer, Berlin, Heidelberg. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-642-75495-1_9
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