Skip to main content
SpringerLink
Log in

Hypertonie — Entspannungsverfahren

  • Conference paper
Nichtmedikamentöse Therapie kardiovaskulärer Risikofaktoren

Part of the book series: Aktuelle Therapieprinzipien in Kardiologie und Angiologie ((THERAPIEPRINZ.))

  • 26 Accesses

Zusammenfassung

Innerhalb der nichtmedikamentösen Behandlungsverfahren der Hypertonie haben die auf Entspannung beruhenden Therapieformen neben diätetischer Behandlung und körperlichem Training ihren festen Platz. Die durch Entspannungsverfahren möglichen Blutdrucksenkungen bei Patienten mit Hypertonie sind zwar vergleichsweise gering (im Vergleich zur medikamentösen Behandlung und zur Gewichtsreduktion), häufig aber noch lange Zeit nach Abschluß der Behandlung nachweisbar und können zu einer Abnahme der Mortalität und Morbidität führen. Zusätzlich zu dem Effekt auf den Blutdruck führen diese Verfahren häufig zu erfreulichen Begleitwirkungen wie Verbesserung der psychischen Befindlichkeit oder Abnahme körperlicher Beschwerden.

This is a preview of subscription content, log in via an institution to check access.

Access this chapter

Log in via an institution
Chapter
USD 29.95
Price excludes VAT (USA)
  • Available as PDF
  • Read on any device
  • Instant download
  • Own it forever
eBook
USD 44.99
Price excludes VAT (USA)
  • Available as PDF
  • Read on any device
  • Instant download
  • Own it forever
Softcover Book
USD 59.99
Price excludes VAT (USA)
  • Compact, lightweight edition
  • Dispatched in 3 to 5 business days
  • Free shipping worldwide - see info

Tax calculation will be finalised at checkout

Purchases are for personal use only

Institutional subscriptions

Preview

Unable to display preview. Download preview PDF.

Unable to display preview. Download preview PDF.

Literatur

  1. Agras WS, Horne M, Taylor CB (1982) Expectation and blood pressure lowering effects of relaxation. Psychosom Med 44: 389–395

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  2. Agras WS, Southam MA, Taylor CB (1983) Long-term persistence of relaxation-induced blood pressure lowering during the working day. J Consult Clin Psychol 51: 792–794

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  3. Agras WS, Taylor CB, Kraemer HC, Southam MA, Schneider JA (1987) Relaxation training for essential hypertension at the worksite: II. The poorly controlled hypertensive. Psychosom Med 49: 264–273

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  4. Anderson DE (1984) Interactions of stress, salt, and blood pressure. Annu Rev Physiol 46: 143–153

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  5. Andrews G, Macmahon SW, Austin A, Byrne DG (1982) Hypertension: Comparison of drug and non-drug treatments. Br Med J 284: 1523–1526

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  6. Beck AT, Ward CH, Mendelson M, Mock J, Erbaugh J (1961) An inventory for measuring depression. Arch Gen Psychiatry 5: 561–571

    Google Scholar 

  7. Beckmann D, Richter H (1972) Giessen-Test. Huber, Bern

    Google Scholar 

  8. Benson H (1975) The relaxation response. Morrow, New York

    Google Scholar 

  9. Benson H, Herd JA, Morse WH, Kelleher RT (1969) Behavioral reduction of arterial hypertension and its reversal. Am J Physiol 217: 30–36

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  10. Bernstein DA, Borkovec TD (1973) Progressive relaxation training: A manual for the helping professions. Research Press, Champaign/IL

    Google Scholar 

  11. Bischof F, Buchmüller T, Herrmann JM, Wagner H (1987) Welche Hypertoniker sind für eine Entspannungstherapie mit respiratorischem Feedback geeignet? Klin Wochenschr [Suppl 9] 65: 105

    Google Scholar 

  12. Blanchard EB, Miller ST, Abel GG, Haynes MR, Wicker R (1979) Evaluation of biofeedback in the treatment of borderline essential hypertension. J Appl Behav Anal 12: 99–109

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  13. Blanchard EB, McCaffrey RJ, Musso A, Gerardi MA (1987) A controlled comparison of thermal biofeedback and relaxation training in the treatment of essential hypertension: III. Psychological changes accompanying treatment. Biofeedback Self Regul 12: 227–240

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  14. Brauer AP, Horlick L, Nelson E, Farquhar JW, Agras WS (1980) Relaxation therapy for essential hypertension: a veterans administration out-patient study. J Behav Med 2: 21–29

    Article  Google Scholar 

  15. Caudill MA, Friedman R, Benson H (1987) Relaxation therapy in the control of blood pressure. Bibl Cardiol 41: 106–119

    PubMed  Google Scholar 

  16. Chesney MA, Black GW (1986) Behavioral treatment of borderline hypertension: An overview of results. J Cardiol Pharmacol [Suppl 5] 8: S57–S63

    Article  Google Scholar 

  17. Chesney, MA, Black GW, Swan GE, Ward, MM (1987) Relaxation training for essential hypertension at the worksite: I. The untreated mild hypertensive. Psychosom Med 49: 250–263

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  18. Cottier C, Shapiro K, Julius S (1984) Treatment of mild hypertension with progressive muscle relaxation: predictive value of indexes of sympathetic tone. Arch Intern Med 144: 1954–1958

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  19. Crowther JH (1983) Stress management training and relaxation imagery in the treatment of essential hypertension. J Behav Med 6: 169–187

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  20. D’Art DA, Ostfeld D (1975) Crowding: Its effects on the elevation of blood pressure in a prison setting. Prev Med 4: 550–566

    Article  Google Scholar 

  21. Engel BT, Gaarder KR, Glasgow MS (1981) Behavioral treatment of high blood pressure. I. Analyses of intra- und interdaily variations of blood pressure during a one-month baseline period. Psychosom Med 43: 255–270

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  22. Engel BT, Glasgow MS, Gaarder KR (1983) Behavioral treatment of high blood pressure: III. Follow-up results and treatment recommendations. Psychosom Med 45: 23–29

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  23. Engel-Sittenfeld P (1977) Biofeedback und die Kontrolle autonomer Funktionen: Therapeutische Anwendungen. Med Klin 72: 840–847

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  24. Esler M, Zweifler A, Harburg E, Gardiner H, DeQuattro V (1977) Mild high-renin essential hypertension: neurogenic human hypertension? N Engl J Med 296: 405–411

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  25. Fahrenberg J, Selg H, Hampel R (1973) Freiburger Persönlichkeitsinventar FPI. Hogrefe, Göttingen

    Google Scholar 

  26. Fahrion S, Norris P, Green A, Green E, Snarr C (1986) Behavioral treatment of essential hypertension: a group outcome study. Biofeedback Self Regul 11: 257–277

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  27. Falkner B, Onesti G, Angelakos ET, Fernandes M, Langmann C (1979) Cardiovascular response to mental stress in normal adolescents with hypertensive parents. Hemodynamics and mental stress in adolescents. Hypertension 1: 23–30

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  28. Frankel BI, Patel DJ, Horowitz D, Friedwald WT, Gaardner K (1978) Treatment of hypertension with biofeedback and relaxations techniques. Psychosom Med 40: 276–293

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  29. Friedman M, Rosenman RH (1974) Type A behavior and your heart. Knopf, New York

    Google Scholar 

  30. Glasgow MS, Gaarder KR, Engle BT (1982) Behavioral treatment of high blood pressure: II. Acute and sustained effects of relaxation and systolic blood pressure biofeedback. Psychosom Med 44: 155–170

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  31. Glasgow MS, Engel BT, D’Lugoff BC (1989) A controlled study of a standardized behavioral stepped treatment for hypertension. Psychosom Med 51: 10–26

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  32. Goldberg RJ (1982) Anxiety reduction by self-regulation: theory, practice, and evaluation. Ann Intern Med 96: 483–487

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  33. Goldstein IB, Shapiro D, Thananopavaran C, Sambhi MP (1982) Comparison of drug and behavioral treatments of essential hypertension. Health Psychol 1: 7–26

    Article  Google Scholar 

  34. Gross M, Kinader H, Klußmann R, Middeke M (1989) Antihypertensive Behandlung mit respiratorischem Feedback. MMW 131: 270–272

    Google Scholar 

  35. Gross M, Böttcher S, Middeke M (1989) Vergleich der Wirkung von unspezifischer Entspannung und respiratorischem Feedback bei der Behandlung der essentiellen Hypertonie. Klin Wochenschr [Suppl 16] 67: 83

    Google Scholar 

  36. Harrell JP (1980) Psychosocial factors and hypertension: a status report. Psychol Bull 87: 482–501

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  37. Hatch JP, Klatt KD, Supik JD, Rios N, Fisher JG, Bauer RL, Shimotsu GW (1985) Combined behavioral and pharmacological treatment of essential hypertension. Biofeedback Self Regul 10: 119–138

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  38. Hathaway SR, McKinley JC (1967) The Minnesota Multiphasic Personality Inventory (revised). Psychological Corporation, New York

    Google Scholar 

  39. Health and Public Policy Committee, American College of Physicians (1985) Biofeedback for hypertension. Ann Intern Med 102: 709–715

    Google Scholar 

  40. Hoelscher TJ, Lichstein KL, Rosenthal TL (1986) Home relaxation practice in hypertension treatment: objective assessment and compliance induction. J Consult Clin Psychol 54: 217–221

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  41. Hoffiman JW, Benson H, Arns PA, Stainbrook GL, Landsberg L, Young JB, Gill A (1982) Reduced sympathetic nervous system responsivity associated with the relaxation response. Science 215: 190–192

    Article  Google Scholar 

  42. Hypertension Detection and Follow-up Program Cooperative Group (1979) Five-year findings of the hypertension detection and follow-up program: I. Reduction in mortality of persons with high blood pressure, including mild hypertension. JAMA 242: 2562–2571

    Article  Google Scholar 

  43. Hypertension Detection and Follow-up Program Cooperative Group (1979) Five-year findings of the hypertension detection and follow-up program: II. Mortality by race-sex and age. JAMA 242: 2572–2577

    Article  Google Scholar 

  44. Irvine MJ, Johnston DW, Jenner DA, Marie GV (1986) Relaxation and stress management in the treatment of essential hypertension. J Psychosom Res 30: 437–450

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  45. Jacob R, Kraemer H, Agras W (1977) Relaxation therapy in the treatment of hypertension: a review. Arch Gen Psychiatry 34: 1417–1427

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  46. Jacob RG, Fortmann SP, Kraemer HC, Farquhar JW, Agras WS (1985) Combining behavioral treatments to reduce blood pressure: a controlled outcome study. Behav Modif 9: 32–54

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  47. Jacob RG, Shapiro AP, Reeves RA, Johnson AM, McDonald RH, Coburn PC (1986) Relaxation therapy for hypertension. Comparison of effects with concomitant placebo, diuretics, and ß-blocker. Arch Intern Med 146: 2335–2340

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  48. Jacobsen E (1929) Variation of blood pressure with skeletal muscle tension and relaxation. Ann Intern Med 12: 1194–1212

    Google Scholar 

  49. Jacobson E (1938) Progressive relaxation. Univ of Chicago Press, Chicago

    Google Scholar 

  50. Johnston DW (1985) Invited review psychological interventions in cardiovascular disease. J Psychosom Res 29: 447–456

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  51. Joint National Committee on Detection, Evaluation and Treatment of high blood pressure (1984) The 1984 Report of the Joint National Committee on Detection, Evaluation and Treatment of high blood pressure. Arch Intern Med 144: 1045–1057

    Article  Google Scholar 

  52. Joint National Committee on Detection, Evaluation, and Treatment of high blood pressure (1986) Nonpharmacological approaches to the control of high blood pressure. Final report of the subcommittee on nonpharmacological therapy of the 1984 Joint National Committee on Detection, Evaluation, and Treatment of high blood pressure. Hypertension 8: 444–467

    Google Scholar 

  53. Julius S, Esler M (1975) Autonomic nervous cardiovascular regulation in borderline hypertension. Am J Cardiol 36: 685–696

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  54. Kaplan NM (1985) Non-drug treatment of hypertension. Ann Intern Med 102: 359–373

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  55. Kasl SV, Cobb S (1970) Blood pressure changes in men undergoing job loss: a preliminary report. Psychosom Med 32: 19–38

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  56. Laragh J, Letcher R, Pickering T (1979) Renin profiling for diagnosis and treatment of hypertension. JAMA 241: 11–156

    Article  Google Scholar 

  57. Laughlin KD, Fisher L, Sherrard DJ (1979) Blood pressure reductions during self-recording of home blood pressure. Am Heart J 98: 629–634

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  58. Lehnert H, Kaluza K, Vetter H, Losse H, Dorst K (1987) Long-term effects of a complex behavioral treatment of essential hypertension. Psychosom Med 49: 422–430

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  59. Libo LM, Arnold GE (1983) Relaxation practice after biofeedback therapy: a long-term follow-up study of utilization and effectiveness. Biofeedback Self Regul 8: 217–227

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  60. Light K, Obrist P (1980) Cardiovascular reactivity to behavioral stress in young males with and without marginally elevated causal systolic pressures. Comparison of clinic, home and laboratory measures. Hypertension 2: 802–808

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  61. Light KC, Koepke JP, Obrist JA, Willis PW (1983) Psychological stress induces sodium and fluid retention in men at high risk for hypertension. Science 220: 429–431

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  62. Little BC, Hayworth J, Benson P, Hall F, Beard RW, Dewhurst J, Priest GR (1984) Treatment of hypertension in pregnancy by relaxation and biofeedback. Lancet I: 865–867

    Article  Google Scholar 

  63. Luborsky L, Crist-Christoph P, Brady JP, Kron RE, Weiss T, Cohen M, Levy L (1982) Behavioral versus pharmacological treatments for essential hypertension: a needed comparison. Psychosom Med 44: 203–213

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  64. Luthe W (1969) Autogenic therapy, vol 1–5. Grune & Stratton, New York

    Google Scholar 

  65. Management Committee (1980) The australian therapeutic trial in mild hypertension. Lancet I: 1261–1267

    Google Scholar 

  66. Management Committee of the Australian Therapeutic Trial in mild Hypertension (1982) Untreated mild hypertension. Lancet I: 185–191

    Google Scholar 

  67. Marmot MG (1985) Psychosocial factors and blood pressure. Prev Med 14: 451–465

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  68. McGrady A, Higgins JT (1989) Prediction of response to biofeedback-assisted relaxation in hypertensives: development of a hypertensive predictor profile ( HYPP ). Psychosom Med 51: 277–284

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  69. McGrady AV, Yonker R, Tan SY, Fine TH, Woerner M (1981) The effect of biofeedback- assisted relaxation training on blood pressure and selected biochemical parameters in patients with essential hypertension. Biofeedback Self Regul 6: 343–355

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  70. McGrady A, Utz SW, Woerner M, Bernal GAA, Higgins JT (1986) Predictors of success in hypertensive treatment with biofeedback-assisted relaxation. Biofeedback Self Regul 11: 95–103

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  71. Middeke M, Beck B (1989) Erfolgreiche ambulante Gewichtsreduktion bei mittelschwerer Hypertonie - eine retrospektive Untersuchung. Z Allg Med 65: 598–601

    Google Scholar 

  72. Middeke M, Remien J, Block LH, Kirzinger S, Landrock A, Holzgreve H (1983) Beta2- adrenoceptors density on membranes and on intact mononuclear cells in essential hypertension. Res Exp Med 183: 227–232

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  73. Middeke M, Remien J, Holzgreve H (1984) The influence of sex, age, blood pressure and physical stress on β2-adrenoceptor density of mononuclear cells. J Hypertens 2: 261–264

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  74. Miller NE (1978) Biofeedback and visceral learning. Ann Rev Psychol 29: 373–404

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  75. Morrell EM, Hollandsworth JG (1986) Norepinephrine alterations under stress conditions following the regular practise of meditation. Psychosom Med 48: 270–277

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  76. Patel C (1975) Twelve-month follow-up of yoga and bio-feedback in the management of hypertension. Lancet 1: 62–64

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  77. Patel C, North WRS (1975) Randomised controlled trial of yoga and biofeedback in management of hypertension. Lancet II: 93–95

    Article  Google Scholar 

  78. Patel C, Marmot MG, Terry DJ (1981) Controlled trial of biofeedback-aided behavioural methods in reducing mild hypertension. Br Med J 282: 2005–2008

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  79. Patel C, Marmot MG, Terry DJ, Carruthers M, Hunt B, Patel M (1985) Trial of relaxation in reducing coronary risk: four year follow up. Br Med J 290: 1103–1106

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  80. Peled-Ney R, Silverberg DS, Rosenfeld JB (1984) A controlled study of group therapy in essentiel hypertension. Isr J Med Sci 20: 12–15

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  81. Pender NJ (1985) Effects of progressive muscle relaxation training on anxiety and health locus of control among hypertensive adults. Res Nurs Health 8: 67–72

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  82. Pickering G, Harshfield GA, Kleinert HD, Blank S, Laragh JH (1982) Blood pressure during daily activities, sleep, and exercise. JAMA 44: 389–395

    Google Scholar 

  83. Schultz JH (181987) Das autogene Training. Thieme, Stuttgart

    Google Scholar 

  84. Seer P (1979) Psychological control of hypertension: review of the literature and methodological critique. Psychol Bull 86: 1015–1043

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  85. Shapiro AP (1960) Psychophysiologic pressor mechanisms in hypertensive vascular disease. Ann Intern Med 53: 64–83

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  86. Shapiro AP, Schwartz GE, Ferguson DCE, Redmond DP, Weiss SM (1977) Behavioral methods in the treatment of hypertension: a review of their clinical status. Ann Intern Med 86: 626–636.

    Google Scholar 

  87. Southam MA, Agras WS, Taylor CB, Kraemer HC (1982) Relaxation training: blood pressure lowering during the working day. Arch Gen Psychiatry 39: 715–717

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  88. Spielberger CD, Gorsuch RL, Lushene RE (1970) STAI, Manual for the State-Trait Anxiety Inventory. Consulting Psychological Press, Palo Alto/CA

    Google Scholar 

  89. Sterman MB (1975) Neurophysiologische und klinische Studien zum sensomotorischen EEG-Biofeedback-Training: Effekte bei Epilepsie. In: Legewie H, Nusselt L (Hrsg) Biofeedback-Therapie. Lernmethoden in der Psychosomatik, Neurologie und Rehabilitation. Urban & Schwarzenberg München, S239–254

    Google Scholar 

  90. Stone RA, De Leo J (1976) Psychotherapeutic control of hypertension. N Engl J Med 294: 80–84

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  91. Taylor CB, Farquhar JW, Nelson E, Agras S (1977) Relaxation therapy and high blood pressure. Arch Gen Psychiatry 34: 399–432

    Google Scholar 

  92. Thailer S, Friedman R, Harshfíeld G, Pickering T (1985) Psychological differences between high-, normal- und low-renin hypertensives. Psychosom Med 47: 294–297

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  93. Vaiti D (1978) Entspannungstechniken. In: Pongratz LJ (Hrsg) Klinische Psychologie. Hogrefe, Göttingen (Handbuch der Psychologie, Bd 8/2)

    Google Scholar 

  94. Vaiti D (1982) Entspannungsverfahren. In: Bastine R, Fiedler PA, Grawe K, Schmidtchen S, Sommer G (Hrsg) Grundbegriffe der Psychotherapie. Edition Psychologie, Weinheim S59–61

    Google Scholar 

  95. Vaiti C (1982) Psychological management of essential hypertension. Contrib Nephrol 30: 87–91

    Google Scholar 

  96. Wadden TA (1983) Predicting treatment response to relaxation therapy for essential hypertension. J Nerv Ment Dis 171: 683–689

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  97. Wadden TA (1984) Relaxation therapy for essential hypertension: specific or nonspecific effects? J Psychosom Res 28: 53–61

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  98. Wadden TA, Luborski L, Greer S, Crist-Christoph P (1984) The behavioral treatment of essential hypertension: an update and comparison with pharmacological treatment. Clin Psychol Rev 4: 403–429

    Article  Google Scholar 

  99. Whyte HM (1983) Psychological methods of lowering blood pressure. Med J Austr [Suppl] 1: S13–S16

    Google Scholar 

  100. Wittrock DA, Blanchard EB, McCoy GC (1988) Three studies on the relation of process to outcome in the treatment of essential hypertension with relaxation and thermal biofeedback. Behav Res Ther 26: 53–66

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  101. Zurawski RM, Smith TW, Houston BK (1987) Stress management for essential hypertension: comparison with a minimally effective treatment, predictors of response to treatment, and effects on reactivity. J Psychosom Res 31: 453–462

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

Download references

Authors
  1. M. Gross
    View author publications

    You can also search for this author in PubMed Google Scholar

  2. M. Middeke
    View author publications

    You can also search for this author in PubMed Google Scholar

Editor information

Editors and Affiliations

  1. Medizinische Poliklinik der Universität München, Pettenkoferstraße 8a, D-8000, München 2, Germany

    M. Middeke

  2. Klinik II und Poliklinik für Innere Medizin der Universität Köln, Klinikum Köln-Merheim, Ostmerheimer Straße 200, D-5000, Köln 91, Germany

    Gerd Bönner

Rights and permissions

Reprints and permissions

Copyright information

© 1991 Springer-Verlag Berlin Heidelberg

About this paper

Cite this paper

Gross, M., Middeke, M. (1991). Hypertonie — Entspannungsverfahren. In: Middeke, M., Bönner, G. (eds) Nichtmedikamentöse Therapie kardiovaskulärer Risikofaktoren. Aktuelle Therapieprinzipien in Kardiologie und Angiologie. Springer, Berlin, Heidelberg. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-642-75412-8_13

Download citation

  • DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-642-75412-8_13

  • Publisher Name: Springer, Berlin, Heidelberg

  • Print ISBN: 978-3-540-52134-1

  • Online ISBN: 978-3-642-75412-8

  • eBook Packages: Springer Book Archive

Publish with us

Policies and ethics

Search

Navigation