Abstract
On visits to the United States Professor German Müller visited localities in which the presence of anthracite and concentrations of microcline (alkaline feldspar) in flat-lying undeformed strata created problems. These occurrences were puzzling because these strata are exposed at the present Earth’s surface and the modern geothermal gradient in the area is low. These occurrences resulted from some combination of pressure and temperature that is not easily explained by the accepted geologic history of the region.
Various techniques of study, including fluid homogenization, vitrinite reflectance, oxygen isotopes, fission-track analysis on fluorite, and 40Ar/39Ar analyses on authigenic feldspar provided evidence of former deep burial followed by large amounts of uplift and erosion of these strata. Large-scale Carboniferous to Permian vertical movements of the crust and lithosphere brought deeply buried Ordovician to Devonian strata to shallow burial depth and ultimately to the present land surface.
This is a preview of subscription content, log in via an institution to check access.
Access this chapter
Tax calculation will be finalised at checkout
Purchases are for personal use only
Preview
Unable to display preview. Download preview PDF.
References
Braun M, Friedman GM (1969) Carbonate lithofacies and environments of the Tribes Hill Formation (Lower Ordovician) of the Mohawk Valley, New York J Sediment Petrol 39:113–135
Buyce MR, Friedman GM (1975) Significance of authigenic K-feldspar in Cambro-Ordovician carbonate rocks of the proto-Atlantic-shelf in North America. J Sediment Petrol 45:808–821
Craig H (1965) The measurement of oxygen isotope paleotemperatures. In: Tongiori E (ed) Stable isotopes in oceanographic studies and paleotemperatures. Pisa Cons Nazl Rich, Lab Geol Nucl, pp 161–182
Duddy IR, Gleadow AJW, Green PF, Hegarty KA, Marhallsea SA, Tingate PR, Lovering JF (1987) Quantitative estimates of thermal history and maturation using AFTA (apatite fission track analysis) in extensional and foreland basins—selected case studies: Am Assoc Petrol Geol Bull 71:550–551
Friedman GM (1987a) Deep-burial diagenesis: its implications for vertical movements of the crust, uplift of the lithosphere and isostatic unroofing- a review. Sediment Geol 50:67–94
Friedman GM (1987b) Vertical movements of the crust: case histories from the northern Appalachian Basin. Geol 15:1130–1133
Friedman GM, Braun M (1975) Shoaling and tidal deposits that accumulated marginal to the pro to-Atlantic Ocean: the Tribes Hill Formation (Lower Ordovician) of the Mohawk Valley, New York. In: Ginsburg RN (ed) Tidal deposits, a casebook of Recent examples and fossil counterparts. Springer, Berlin Heidelberg New York, pp 307–314(428 pp)
Friedman GM, Sanders JE (1978) Principles of sedimentology John Wiley & Sons New York, 792 pp
Friedman GM, Sanders JE (1982) Time-temperature significance of Devonian anthracite implies former great (∼6.5 km) depth of burial of Catskill Mountains, New York. Geology 10:93–96
Friedman GM and Sanders JE (1983) Reply to comment on “time-temperature-burial significance of Devonian anthracite implies former great (∼6.5 km) depth of burial of Catskill Mountains, New York”. Geology 11:123–124
Fritz P, Smith DGW (1970) The isotopic composition of secondary dolomite. Geochim Cosmochim Acta 34:1161–1173
Gale PE, Siever R (1986) Diagenesis of Middle to Upper Devonian Catskill facies sandstones in southeastern New York. Am. Assoc Petrol Geol Bull 70:592–593
Gerlach JB, Cercone KR (1986) Post-Devonian depositional history of northern Appalachian Basin based on regional vitrinite reflectance trends. Geol Soc Am Abstr Progr 18:612
Gilbert GK (1890) Lake Bonneville. US Geol Sur Monogr 1:438 pp
Gurney GG, Friedman GM (1987) Burial history of the Cherry Valley carbonate sequence, Cherry Valley, New York. Northeastern Geology 9:1–11
Harris AG (1979) Conodont color alteration: an organo-mineral metamorphism index and its application to Appalachian Basin geology. Soc Econ Paleontol Mineral Spec Publ 26:3–16
Harris AG, Harris LD, Eppstein JB (1978) Oil and gas data from Paleozoic rocks in Appalachian Basin: maps for assessing hydrocarbon potential and thermal maturity (conodont color alteration isograds and overburden isopachs). U S Geol Surv Mise Invest Map 1–917-E, Scale 1:2 500 000, 4 Sheets
Hearn PP Jr, Sutter JF, Belkin HE (1987) Evidence for Late-Paleozoic brine migration in Cambrian carbonate rocks of the central and southern Appalachians: implications for Mississippi Valley-type sulfide mineralization Geochim Cosmochim Acta 51:1323–1334
Hood A, Gutjahr CCM, Heacock RL (1975) Organic metamorphism and the generation of petroleum. Am Assoc Petrol Geol 59:986–996
Jackson M, McCabe C, Ballard MM, van der Voo R (1988) Magnetite authigenesis and diagenetic paleotemperatures across the northern Appalachian Basin. Geology 16:592–595
Johnson KG, Friedman GM (1969) The Tully correlatives (Upper Devonian) of New York State: a model for recognition of alluvial, dune (?), tidal nearshore (bar and lagoon), and offshore sedimentary environments in a tectonic delta complex. J Sediment Petrol 39:451–485
Johnsson MJ (1986) Distribution of maximum burial temperatures across the northern Appalachian Basin and implications for Carboniferous sedimentation patterns. Geology 14:384–387
Kinsland GL (1977) Formation temperature of fluorite in the Lockport Dolomite in upper New York State as indicated by fluid inclusion studies — with a discussion of heat sources. Econ Geol 72:849–854
Lakatos S, and Miller DS (1983) Fission track analysis of apatite and zircon defines a burial depth of 4 to 7 km for lowermost Upper Devonian Catskill Mountains. Geology 11:103–104
Levine JR (1983) Comment on “Time-temperature-burial significance of Devonian anthracite implies former great (∼6.5 km) depth of burial of Catskill Mountains, New York”. Geology 11:122–123
Levine JR (1986) Deep burial of coal-bearing strata, anthracite region, Pennsylvania: sedimentation or tectonics. Geology 14:577–580
Sanders JE (1983) Reinterpretation of the subsurface structure of the Middle town gas well (Crom-Wells, nc. 1 Fee) in light of concept of large-scale bedding thrusts. In: Friedman GM (ed) Petroleum geology and energy resources of the Northeastern United States, Troy, N Y, United States, Oct. 14, 1983. Northeastern Geology 5:3–4:172–180
Tissot BP and Weite DH (1978) Petroleum formation and occurrence. A new approach to oil and gas exploration. Springer, Berlin Heidelberg New York, 538 pp
Urschel S, Friedman GM (1984) Paleodepth of burial of Lower Ordovician Beekmantown Group carbonates in New York State. Compass of Sigma Gamma Epsilon 61:4, 205–215
Author information
Authors and Affiliations
Editor information
Editors and Affiliations
Rights and permissions
Copyright information
© 1990 Springer-Verlag Berlin Heidelberg
About this chapter
Cite this chapter
Friedman, G.M. (1990). Anthracite and Concentrations of Alkaline Feldspar (Microcline) in Flat-Lying Undeformed Paleozoic Strata: A Key to Large-Scale Vertical Crustal Uplift. In: Heling, D., Rothe, P., Förstner, U., Stoffers, P. (eds) Sediments and Environmental Geochemistry. Springer, Berlin, Heidelberg. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-642-75097-7_2
Download citation
DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-642-75097-7_2
Publisher Name: Springer, Berlin, Heidelberg
Print ISBN: 978-3-642-75099-1
Online ISBN: 978-3-642-75097-7
eBook Packages: Springer Book Archive