Abstract
The homeostasis of the milieu interieur is maintained by numerous regulatory systems that provide the basis for the balance between nutrient intake, on the one hand, and energy expenditure, on the other. Apart from energy balance the regulatory systems have to support the structural integrity of the organism. Hormones play a major role as regulatory components in this integrative system. Since hormones have to regulate nutrient flux between the various compartments of the body according to qualitative and quantitative needs, it is not too surprising that extreme alterations of nutritional habits such as constant over- or underfeeding lead to an adaptation of hormonal release mechanisms.
This is a preview of subscription content, log in via an institution.
Buying options
Tax calculation will be finalised at checkout
Purchases are for personal use only
Learn about institutional subscriptionsPreview
Unable to display preview. Download preview PDF.
References
Cahill GF, Herrera MG, Morgan AP, Soeldner JS, Steinke J, Levy PL, Reichard GA (1966) Hormone-fuel interrelationships during fasting. J Clin Invest 45:1751
Marliss EB, Aoki TT, Unger RH, Soeldner JS, Cahill GF Jr (1970) Glucagon levels and metabolic effects in prolonged fasted man. J Clin Invest 49:2256–2270
Felig P, Pozefsky T, Marliss E, Cahill GF Jr (1970) Alanine: key role in gluconeogenesis. Science 167:1003–1004
Felig P (1972) Interaction of insulin and amino acids in the regulation of gluconeogenesis. Isr J Med Sci 8:262–271
Unger RH (1974) Alpha- and beta-cell interrelationships in health and disease. Metabolism 23:581–586
Felig P (1976) The metabolic events of starvation. Am J Med 60:119–128
Felig P, Owen OE, Wahren J, Cahill GF Jr (1969) Amino acid metabolism in prolonged starvation. J Clin Invest 48:584–594
Owen OE, Felig P, Morgan AP, Wahren J, Cahill GF Jr (1969) Liver and kidney metabolism during prolonged starvation. J Clin Invest 48:574–583
Owen OE, Morgan AP, Kemp HG, Sullivan JM, Herrera MG, Cahill GF (1967) Brain metabolism during fasting. J Clin Invest 46:1589–1595
Sherwin RS, Hendler RG, Felig P (1975) Effect of ketone infusion on amino acid and nitrogen metabolism in man. J Clin Invest 55:1382–1387
Merimee T, Fineberg SE (1974) Growth hormone secretion in starvation: a reassessment. J Clin Endocrinol Metab 39:385–391
Portnay GI, O’Brian JT, Bush J (1974) The effect of starvation on the concentration and binding of thyroxine and triiodothyronine in serum and on the response to TRH. J Clin Endocrinol Metab 39:199–204
Hendrikx A (1968) Aspects of steroid metabolism in obese subjects under various nutritional conditions. Arscia Vitgaven, Brussels
Januszewicz W, Sznajderman-Ciswicka M, Wocial B (1967) Urinary excretion of catecholamines in fasting obese subjects. J Clin Endocrinol Metab 271:130–136
Uvnäs-Wallenstein K, Palmblad J (1980) Effect of food deprivation (fasting) on plasma gastrin levels in man. Scand J Gastroenterol 15:187–191
Lichtenberger LM, Lechago J, Johnson LR (1975) Depression of antral and serum gastrin concentration by food deprivation in the rat. Gastroenterology 68:1473–1479
Koop H, Schwab E, Arnold R, Creutzfeldt W (1982) Effect of food deprivation on rat gastric somatostatin and gastrin release. Gastroenterology 82:871–876
Tannenbaum GS, Rorstad O, Brazeau P (1979) Effects of prolonged food deprivation on the ultradian growth hormone rhythm and immunoreactive somatostatin tissue levels in the rat. Endocrinology 104:1733–1738
Jorde R, Burhol PG, Schulz TB, Waldum HL, Lygren I, Jenssen T, Myhren ESP (1981) The effect of a 34-h fast on the meal-induced rises in plasma GIP, serum insulin, and blood glucose in man. Scand J Gastroenterol 16:109–112
Andrews WJ, Henry RW, Alberti KGMM, Buchanan KD (1981) The gastro-enteropancreatic hormone response to fasting in obesity. Diabetologia 21:440–445
Martin RJ, Gahagan J (1977) Serum hormone levels and tissue metabolism in pair-fed lean and obese Zucker rats. Horm Metab Res 9:181–186
Roher-Jeanrenaud F, Jeanrenaud B (1985) Involvement of the cholinergic system in insulin and glucagon oversecretion of genetic preobesity. Endocrinology 116:830–834
Karam JH, Grodsky GM, Forsham PH (1969) Excessive insulin response to glucose in obese subjects measured by immunochemical assay. Diabetes 12:197–204
Bagdade JD, Bierman EL, Porte D Jr (1967) The significance of basal insulin levels in the evaluation of the insulin response to glucose in diabetic and non-diabetic subjects. J Clin Invest 46:1549–1557
Schade DS, Eaton RPh (1974) Role of insulin and glucagon in obesity. Diabetes 23:657–661
Kreisberg RA, Bosbell BR, DiPlacidos J, Roddam RF (1967) Insulin secretion in obesity. N Engl J Med 276:314–319
Benedetti A, Simpson RG, Grodsky GM, Forsham PH (1967) Exaggerated insulin response to glucagon in simple obesity. Diabetes 16:666–669
Brown JC, Dryburgh JR, Ross SA, Dupré J (1975) Identifications and actions of gastric inhibitory polypeptides. Recent Prog Horm Res 31:487–532
Kreymann B, Gathei MA, Williams G, Bloom SR (1987) Glucagon-like peptide I 7–36: a physiological incretin in man. Lancet 11:1300–1303
Creutzfeldt W, Ebert R, Willms B, Frerichs H, Brown JC (1978) Gastric inhibitory polypeptide (GIP) and insulin in obesity: increased response to stimulation and defective feedback control of serum levels. Diabetologia 14:15–24
Ebert R, Frerichs H, Creutzfeldt W (1979) Impaired feedback control of fat-induced gastric inhibitory polypeptide (GIP) secretion by insulin in obesity and glucose intolerance. Eur J Clin Invest 9:129–135
Jorde R, Burhol PG, Johnson JA (1981) The effect of jejunoileal bypass on postprandial release of plasma gastric inhibitory polypeptide (GIP). Scand J Gastroenterol 16:313–319
Schusdziarra V, Lawecki J, Ditschuneit HH, Lukas B, Maier V, Pfeiffer EF (1985) Effect of low-dose somatostatin infusion on pancreatic and gastric endocrine function in lean and obese nondiabetic human subjects. Diabetes 34:595–601
Santiago JV, Haymond JW, Clark WL, Pagliara AS (1977) Glucagon, insulin and glucose responses to physiologic testing in normal and massively obese adults. Metabolism 26:1115–1122
Kalkhoff RK, Gossain VV, Matute ML (1973) Plasma glucagon in obesity: response to arginine, glucose and protein. N Engl J Med 289:465–467
Wise JK, Hendler R, Felig P (1973) Evaluation of alpha cell function by infusion of alanine in normal, diabetic and obese subjects. N Engl J Med 288:487–490
Göschke H (1977) Mechanism of glucose intolerance during fasting: differences between lean and obese subjects. Metabolism 26:1147–1153
Müller WA, Aoki TT, Cahill GF (1975) Effect of alanine and glycine on glucagon secretion in postabsorptive and fasting obese man. J Clin Endocrinol Metab 40:418–425
Felig Ph, Wahren J, Hendler R, Brundin T (1974) Splanchin glucose and amino acid metabolism in obesity. J Clin Invest 53:582–590
Floyd JC, Fajans SS, Pek S, Chance RE (1977) A newly recognized pancreatic polypeptide: plasma levels in health and disease. Recent Prog Horm Res 33:519–570
Adrian TE, Besterman HS, Cooke TJC, Bloom SR, Barnes AG, Russell RCG, Farber RG (1977) Mechanism of pancreatic polypeptide release in man. Lancet 1:161–163
Lonovics J, Guzman S, Devitt P, Hejtmancik KE, Suddith RL, Rayford P, Thompson JC (1980) Release of pancreatic polypeptide in humans by infusion of cholecystokinin. Gastroenterology 79:817–822
Beglinger C, Meyer F, Häcki W, Gyr K (1981) The release of pancreatic polypeptide by exogenous CCK in man and dog. Digestion 22:225–228
Greenberg GR, McCloy RF, Adrian TE, Chadwick VS, Baron JH, Bloom SR (1978) Inhibition of pancreatic and gall bladder function by pancreatic polypeptide in man. Lancet II:1280–1283
Beglinger C, Taylor IL, Grossman MI (1984) Pancreatic polypeptide inhibits exocrine pancreatic responses to six stimulants. Am J Physiol 246:G 286–G 291
Schmid R, Schusdziarra V, Schulte-Frohlinde E, Maier V, Classen M (1989) Circulating amino acids and pancreatic endocrine function after ingestion of a protein-rich meal in obese subjects. J Clin Endocrinol Metab 68: 1106–1110
Schusdziarra V (1985) Role of somatostatin in nutrient regulation. In: Patel YC, Tannenbaum GS (eds) Somatostatin. Plenum, New York, p 425–445
Patel YC, Orci L, Bankier A, Cameron DP (1976) Decreased pancreatic somatostatin concentration in spontaneously diabetic mice. Endocrinology 99:1415–1418
Patel YC, Cameron DP, Stefan YC, Malaisse-Lagae F, Orci L (1977) Somatostatin: widespread abnormality in tissues of spontaneously diabetic mice. Science 198:930–931
Berelowitz M, Coleman DL, Frohman LA (1980) Temporal relationship of tissue somatostatin-like immunoreactivity to metabolic changes in genetically obese and diabetic mice. Diabetes 29:717–723
Trimble ER, Herberg L, Renold AE (1980) Hypersecretion of pancreatic somatostatin in the obese Zucker rat. Diabetes 29:889–894
Sheppard MC, Shapiro B, Hudson A, Pimstone BL (1980) Tissue and serum somatostatin-like immunoreactivity in lean and obese Zucker rats. Horm Metab Res 12:236–239
Go VLW, Malagelada JR, DiMagno EP (1974) Cholecystokinin bioassay method in man and its application. In: Chey WY, Brooks FP (eds) Endocrinology of the gut. Slack, Thorofare, pp 243–258
Liddle RA, Goldfme ID, Rosen MS, Taplitz RA, Williams JA (1985) Cholecystokinin bioactivity in human plasma: molecular forms, responses to feeding and relationship to gallbladder contraction. J Clin Invest 75:1144–1152
Burhol PG, Jenssen TG, Lygren I, Schulz TB, Jorde R, Waldum HL (1982) Iodination with Iodogen and radioimmunoassay of cholecystokinin (CCK) in acidified plasma, CCK release, and molecular CCK components in man. Digestion 23:156–168
Walsh JH, Lamers CB, Valenzuela JE (1981) Cholecystokinin-octapeptide-like immunoreactivity in human plasma. Gastroenterology 82:438–444
Jansen JBMJ, Lamers CBHW (1983) Radioimmunoassay of cholecystokinin in human tissue and plasma. Clin Chim Acta 131:305–316
Liddle RA, Rushakoff RJ, Morita ET, Beccaria L, Carter JD, Goldfme ID (1988) Physiological role for cholecystokinin in reducing postprandial hyperglycemia in humans. J Clin Invest 81:1675–1681
Morley JE (1987) Neuropeptide regulation of appetite and weight. Endocr Rev 8:256–287
Pappas TN, Melendez RL, Strah KM, Debas HT (1985) Cholecystokinin is not a peripheral satiety signal in the dog. Am J Physiol 249:G 733–G 738
Schick RR, Schusdziarra V, Neuberger J, Maier V, Classen M (1988) Is circulating cholecystokinin a physiological satiety factor in humans? Biomed Res 9 (Suppl 1): 180
Geracioti TD Jr, Liddle RA (1988) Impaired cholecystokinin secretion in bulimia nervosa. N Engl J Med 11:683–688
Floyd JC, Fajans SS, Conn JW, Knopf RF, Rull J (1966) Stimulation of insulin secretion by amino acids. J Clin Invest 45:1487–1502
Fajans SS, Floyd JC Jr, Knopf RF, Conn JW (1967) Effect of amino acids and proteins on insulin secretion in man. Recent Prog Horm Res 23:617–622
Ohneda A, Parada E, Eisentraut AM, Unger RH (1968) Characterization of response of circulating glucagon to intraduodenal and intravenous administration of amino acids. J Clin Invest 47:2305–2344
Felig Ph, Marliss E, Cahill GF (1969) Plasma amino acid levels and insulin secretion in obesity. N Engl J Med 281:811–816
Swendseid ME, Umezawa ChY, Drenick E (1969) Plasma amino acid levels in obese subjects before, during and after starvation. Am J Clin Nutr 22:740–743
Forlani G, Vannini P, Marchesini G, Zoli M, Ciavarella A, Pisi E (1984) Insulin-dependent metabolism of branched-chain amino acids in obesity. Metabol 33:147–150
Schmid R, Schusdziarra V, Neubauer J, Schulte-Frohlinde E, Classen M (1989) Do intestinal factors stimulate pancreatic endocrine function in man during a protein meal? Diabetes 38 (Suppl 2) A 97
Editor information
Editors and Affiliations
Rights and permissions
Copyright information
© 1990 Springer-Verlag Berlin Heidelberg
About this paper
Cite this paper
Schusdziarra, V. (1990). Hormonal Adaptation to Over- and Underfeeding. In: Müller, M.J., Danforth, E., Burger, A.G., Siedentopp, U. (eds) Hormones and Nutrition in Obesity and Cachexia. Springer, Berlin, Heidelberg. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-642-75037-3_2
Download citation
DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-642-75037-3_2
Publisher Name: Springer, Berlin, Heidelberg
Print ISBN: 978-3-540-51637-8
Online ISBN: 978-3-642-75037-3
eBook Packages: Springer Book Archive