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Alteration of Volcanic Glass

  • Chapter
Pyroclastic Rocks

Abstract

There are few rock types that offer better opportunities for alteration studies (weathering, diagenesis, hydrothermal) than glassy volcanic and volcaniclastic rocks. The main reason is that volcanic glass is thermodynamically unstable and decomposes more readily than nearly all associated mineral phases. Volcanic glass is a super-cooled silicate liquid with a poorly ordered internal structure consisting of loosely linked SiO4 tetrahedra with considerable intermolecular space. Hydration and concomitant breakdown of glass results in fluxes of some elements out of the glass into interstitial pore waters. Precipitation of secondary (authigenic) minerals from such solutions, replacement of glass shards by new minerals and filling of pore space created by dissolution of glassy particles during alteration are some of the most rapid low temperature lithification processes known. Moreover, changes in composition of pore solutions and elevation in temperatures during hydration and burial result in variable mineral compositions and rapidly changing mineral assemblages because of the restricted P/T stabilities of some of the alteration products.

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Authors and Affiliations

  1. Department of Geological Sciences, University of California, 93106, Santa Barbara, CA, USA

    Professor Richard V. Fisher

  2. Institut für Mineralogie, Ruhr-Universität Bochum, 4630, Bochum, Germany

    Professor Hans-Ulrich Schmincke

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  1. Professor Richard V. Fisher
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Fisher, R.V., Schmincke, HU. (1984). Alteration of Volcanic Glass. In: Pyroclastic Rocks. Springer, Berlin, Heidelberg. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-642-74864-6_12

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