Abstract
The epidermal cyst is one of the most common cysts occurring in the labia. It is believed to develop from the inclusion of squamous epithelium in the dermis during embryological reorganisation or from misplaced squamous epithelium due to trauma. It presents as an asymptomatic, stationary or gradually enlarging, round, firm subcutaneous swelling a few millimeters to a few centimeters in size. Multiple epidermal cysts may sometimes be associated with Gardner’s syndrome (osteoma, gastrointestinal polyposis usually of malignant variety; Knox and Freeman 1965). Post-circumcisional epidermal cysts of the clitoris are reported to be common complications in some parts of Nigeria (Ofadile et al. 1979).
Access this chapter
Tax calculation will be finalised at checkout
Purchases are for personal use only
Preview
Unable to display preview. Download preview PDF.
References
Epidermal Cysts
Knox JM, Freeman RG (1965) Epidermal tumors. Clin Obstet Gynecol 8:925–937
Ofadile FA, Oluwasanmi JO (1979) Post circumcisional epidermal cysts of the clitoris. Plast Reconstr Surg 63:485–486
Pilar Cyst
Sachdeva HS, Narang R (1968) Sebaceous cyst vulva. A case report. Am Surg 34:461–462
Seborrheic Keratosis
Holdiness MR (1986) The sign of Leser-Trelat. Int J Dermatol 25:564–572
Holguin T, Padilla RS, Ampuere F (1986) Ovarian adenocarcinoma presenting with sign of Leser-Trelat. Gynecol Oncol 25:128–132
Knox JM, Freeman RG (1965) Epidermal tumors. Obstet Gynecol 8:925–937
Keratoacanthoma
Fathizadeh A, Medenica MM, Sultani K et al. (1982) Aggressive keratoacanthoma and internal malignant neoplasm. Arch Dermatol 118:112–114
McCormac H, Scarff RW (1936) Molluscum sebaceum. Br J Dermatol 48:624–626
Piscioli F, Boi S, Zumiani G et al. (1984) A gigantic metastasising keroacanthoma: report of a case and discussion on classification. Am J Dermatopathol 6:123–129
Rhatigan RM, Nuss RC (1985) Keratoacanthoma of the vulva. Gynecol Oncol 21:118–123
Sullivan JJ, Colditz GA (1979) Keratoacanthoma in a subtropical climate. Aust J Dermatol 20:34–42
Angiokeratoma
Blair B (1970) Angiokeratoma of the vulva. Br J Dermatol 83:409–411
Clark JR, Wheelock JR (1988) Angiokeratoma of the vulva: a case report. J Reprod Med 33:473–474
Dotters DJ, Fowler WC Jr, Powers SK et al. (1986) Argon laser therapy of vulvar angiokeratoma. Obstet Gynecol 68 [Suppl]:56–59
Imperial R, Helwig EB (1967) Angiokeratoma of the vulva. Obstet Gynecol 29:307–312
Novick L (1985) Angiokeratoma vulvae. J Am Acad Dermatol 12:561–563
Uhlin SR (1980) Angiokeratoma of the vulva. Arch Dermatol 116:112–113
Verbov J, Manglabruks K (1978) Angiokeratoma of the vulva. Dermatologica 156:296–298
Warty Dyskeratoma
Duray PH, Merino HJ, Axiotis C (1983) Warty dyskeratoma of the vulva. Int J Gynecol Pathol 2:286–293
Verruciform Xanthoma
Santa-Cruz DJ, Martin SA (1979) Verriciform xanthoma of the vulva. Am J Clin Pathol 71:224–228
Hidradenoma Vulvae
Chung JT (1958) Hidradenoma of the vulva. Am J Obstet Gynecol 75:310–318
Cox EA (1954) Hidradenoma of the perineum. Am J Surg 88:789–792
Danforth WC (1943) Hidradenoma vulvae. Am J Obstet Gynecol 45:329–333
Deacon AL, Taylor CW (1952) Hidradenoma of the vulva. J Obstet Gynaecol Br Emp 59:64–66
Hashimoto K (1973) Hidradenoma pepilliferum: an electron microscopic study. Acta Derm. Venereol (Stockh) 53:22–30
Ioannides G (1966) Hidradenoma papilliferum. Am J Obstet Gynecol 94:849–853
Kaufmann T, Pawi NO, Sohfer I et al. (1987) Cystic papillary hidradenoma of the vulva: a case report and review of the literature. Gynecol Oncol 26:240–245
McDonald JR, Lovelady SB, Waugh JM (1941) Adenocarcinoma of the vulva. Am J Obstet Gynecol 42:304–309
Meeker JH, Neubecker RD, Helwig EB (1962) Hidradenoma papilliferum. Am J Clin Pathol 37:182–195
Nielsen NC (1973) Hidradenoma of the vulva. Acta Obstet Gynecol Scand 52:387–389
Novak E, Stevenson RR (1945) Sweat gland tumors of the vulva: benign (hidradenoma) and malignant (adenocarcinoma). Am J Obstet Gynecol 50:641–659
Woodruff JD, Seeds AE Jr (1962) Benign and malignant adenomatous lesions of the vulva: summaries of six cases. Obstet Gynecol 20:690–695
Woodworth H Jr, Dockerty MB, Wilson RB et al. (1971) Papillary hidradenoma of the vulva: a clinicopathological study of 69 cases. Am J Obstet Gynecol 110:501–506
Syringoma
Brown SM, Freeman RG (1971) Syringoma limited to the vulva. Arch Dermatol 104:331
Butterworth T, Strean LP, Beerman H et al. (1964) Syringoma and mongolism. Arch Dermatol 90:483–487
Carneiro SGC, Gardner HL, Knox JM (1971) Syringoma of the vulva. Arch Dermatol 103:494–496
Furue M, Hori Y, Nakabayashi Y (1984) Clear cell syringoma associated with diabetes mellitus. Am J Dermatopathol 6:131–150
Ghirardini G (1982) Syringoma of the vulva in postmenopausal age. Diagn Gynecol Obstet 4:325–326
Guindi SF, Silberberg BK, Evans TN (1974) Multifocal mixed adnexoid tumors of the vulva. In J Gynecol Obstet 12:138–140
Issacson D, Turner ML (1979) Localised vulvar syringoma. J Am Acad Dermatol 1:352–356
King DT, Hirose M, King LA (1978) Simultaneous occurrence of familial pemphigus (Heiley-Heiley disease) and syringoma of the vulva. Arch Dermatol 114:801
Ridley CM (1975) The vulva: major problems in dermatology. Saunders, London, pp 224–225
Thomas J, Majumdar B, Gorelkin L (1979) Syringoma localised to the vulva. Arch Dermatol 115:95–96
Young AW Jr, Herman EW, Tovell HMM (1980) Syringoma of the vulva: incidence, diagnosis and cause of pruritus. Obstet Gynecol 55:515–518
Zalla JA, Perry HO (1971) An unusual case of syringoma. Arch Dermatol 103:215–217
Syringocystadenoma, Papilliferum
Dissanayake EVP, Salm R (1980) Sweat gland carcinoma: prognosis related to histological types. Histopathology 4:445–466
Woodruff JD, Seeds AE Jr (1962) Benign and malignant adenomatous lesions of the vulva: summaries of six cases. Obstet Gynecol 20:690–695
Pleomorphic Adenoma
Botha JBC, Kahn LB (1978) Aggressive chondroid syringoma. Arch Dermatol 114:954–955
Hertig AT, Gore H (1960) Atlas of tumor pathology: tumors of the female sex organs, pt 2. Armed Forces Institute of Pathology, Washington DC, pp 68–69
Hilton JMN, Blackwell JB (1973) Metastasising chondroid syringoma. J Pathol 109:167–170
Ishimura E, Iwamoto H, Kobashi Y et al. (1983) Malignant chondroid syringoma: report of a case with widespread metastasis and review of pertinent literature. Cancer 52:1966–1973
Lennox B (1954) The superficial hidradenomata. J Pathol Bacteriol 67:553–562
Ordonez NG, Manning AT, Luna MA (1981) Mixed tumors of the vulva: a report of two cases probably arising in Bartholin’s gland. Cancer 48:181–185
Redono C, Rocamora A, Villoria F et al. (1982) Malignant mixed tumor of the skin: malignant chondroid syringoma. Cancer 49:1690–1696
Rorat E, Wallace RC (1984) Mixed tumors of the vulva: clinical outcome and pathology. Int J Gynecol Pathol 3:323–328
Wilson D, Woodger BA (1974) Pleomorphic adenoma of the vulva. J Obstet Gynaecol Br Commonw 81:1000–1002
Pilar Tumour
Buchler DA, Sun F, Chuprevich T (1978) Pilar tumor of the vulva. Gynecol Oncol 6:479–486
Debska M (1971) Giant hair matrix tumor. Cancer 28:701–706
Holmes EJ (1968) Tumors of lower hair sheath. Cancer 21:234–248
Trichoepithelioma
Brownstein MH, Shapiro L (1976) Desmoplastic trichoepithelioma. Arch Dermatol 112:1782
Cho D, Woodruff JD (1988) Trichoepithelioma of the vulva: report of two cases. J Reprod Med 33:317–319
Gray HR, Helwig EB (1963) Epithelioma adenoides cysticum and solitory trichoepithelioma. Arch Dermatol 87:102–114
Lazorik FC, Wood MG (1982) Multiple desmoplastic trichoepitheliomas. Arch Dermatol 118:361–362
Muller-Hess S, Delacrelaz J (1973) Trichoepitheliom mit Strukturen eines apocrinen Adenoms. Dermatologica 146:170–176
Ziprkowski L, Schewach-Miller M (1956) Multiple trichoepithelioma in a mother and two children. Dermatologica 132:248–256
Skin Tag
Fielding JF (1972) Perianal lesions in Crohn’s disease. J R Coll Surg Edinb 17:32–37
Holohan M, Coughlan M, O’Loughlin S et al. (1988) Crohn’s disease of vulva: case report. Br J Obstet Gynaecol 95:943–945
Verruca Vulgaris
Eversole LR, Laipis PJ, Green TL (1987) Human papillomavirus virus type 2 DNA in oral and labial verruca vulgaris. J Cutan Pathol 14:319–325
Sebaceous Gland Hyperplasia
Knox JM, Greeman RC (1965) Epidermal tumors. Clin Obstet Gynecol 8:925–937
Rocamora A, Santonja C, Vives R et al. (1986) Sebaceous gland hyperplasia of the vulva: a case report. Obstet Gynecol 68 [Suppl]: 63–65
Rulon DB, Helwig EB (1974) Cutaneous sebaceous neoplasm. Cancer 33:82–102
Fox Fordyce Disease
Kronthal HL, Pomeranz JR, Sitomer G (1965) Fox-Fordyce disease. Arch Dermatol 91:243–245
MacMillan DC, Vickers HR (1971) Fox Fordyce disease. Br J Dermatol 84:181
Montes LF, Cortes A, Baker BL et al. (1959) Fox-Fordyce disease. Arch Dermatol 80:549–553
Shelley WB, Levy DJ (1956) Apocrine sweat retention in man. II. Fox-Fordyce disease (apocrine milaria). Arch Dermatol 73:38–49
Nodular Amyloidosis
Ann CC, Lin C-S, Wong C-K (1988) Nodular amyloidosis. Clin Exp Dermatol 13:20–23
Benditt EP, Eriksen N (1977) Amyloid protein SAA is associated with high density lipoprotein from human serum. Proc Natl Acad Sci USA 74:4025–4028
Brownstein M, Helwig E (1970) The cutaneous amyloidosis: localised forms. Arch Dermatol 102:8–19
Castano EM, Frangione B (1988) Human amyloidosis, Alzheimer disease, and related disorders. Lab Invest 58:122–132
Danielsen L, Christensen HE, Wanstrup J (1970) Cutaneous amyloidosis: classification, pathogenesis and relation to collagen disease. Acta Pathol Microbiol Scand [A] 78:335–344
Glenner GG, Terry W, Harada M et al. (1971) Amyloid fibril proteins. Proof of homology with immunoglobulin light chains by sequence analyses. Science 172:1150–1151
Husby G, Sletten K, Blumenkrantz N et al. (1981) Characterisation of an amyloid fibril protein from localised amyloidosis of the skin as lamda immunoglobulin light chains of variable subgroup I (A lamda I). Clin Exp Immunol 45:90–96
Kisilevsky R (1983) Amyloidosis: a familiar problem in the light of current pathogenetic developments. Lab Invest 49:381–390
Kumakiri M, Hashimoto K (1979) Histogenesis of primary localised cutaneous amyloidosis. J Invest Dermatol 73:151–152
Lindemayr W, Partsch H (1970) Plattenartig infiltrierte localisierte Hautamyloiose. Hautarzt 2:104–107
Mashu S, Hosokawa M, Seiji M (1981) Amyloid in cutaneous amyloidosis: immunofluorescence studies with antikeratin antiserum especially concerning the difference between systemic and cutaneous amyloidosis. Acta Derm Venereol (Stockh) 61:381–384
Northcutt AD, Vanover MJ (1985) Nodular cutaneous amyloidosis involving the vulva: case report and literature review. Arch Dermatol 121:518–521
Shirahama T, Cohen AS (1967) High resolution electron microscopic analysis of the amyloid fibril. J Cell Biol 33:679–708
Isolated Epidermolytic Acanthoma
Ackerman AB (1970) Histopathological concept of epidermolytic hyperkeratosis. Arch Dermatol 102:220–223
Coninck AD, Willemsen M, Dobbeleer GD et al. (1986) Vulvar localisation of epidermolytic acanthoma: a light and electron microscopic study. Dermatologica 172:276–278
Frost P, Weinstein GD, van Scott EJ (1966) The ichthyosiform dermatosis. II Autoradiographic studies of epidermal proliferation. J Invest Dermatol 47:561–567
Ishibashi Y, Klingmuller G (1968) Erythroderma ichthyoseformis congenita bullosa. Arch Klin Exp Dermatol 232:205–224
Lindgren AGH, Neumann E (1973) Some evidence concerning the sweat duct origin of clear cell acanthoma. Acta Derm Venereol (Stockh) 53:511–514
Shapiro L, Baraf S (1970) Isolated epidermytic acanthoma. Arch Dermatol 101:220–223
Author information
Authors and Affiliations
Rights and permissions
Copyright information
© 1990 Springer-Verlag Berlin Heidelberg
About this chapter
Cite this chapter
Barua, R. (1990). Cysts, Tumours and Tumour-like Conditions of the Epidermis and Adnexae. In: Tumours of the Female Lower Genital Tract. Springer, Berlin, Heidelberg. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-642-74828-8_2
Download citation
DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-642-74828-8_2
Publisher Name: Springer, Berlin, Heidelberg
Print ISBN: 978-3-642-74830-1
Online ISBN: 978-3-642-74828-8
eBook Packages: Springer Book Archive